{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:34:56Z","timestamp":1786980896705,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-08979-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T15:14:45Z","timestamp":1744643685000},"page":"2303-2310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rural\u2013Urban Disparities in Mortality Related to Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease by Race\/Ethnicity in the United States From 1999 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Chun-Han","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renuka","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajan","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignan","family":"Manne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Saab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"8979_CR1","unstructured":"Spencer MR, Curtin SC, Hedegaard H. Rates of alcohol-induced deaths among adults aged 25 and over in rural and urban areas: United States, 2000\u20132018. NCHS Data Brief, no 383. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2020"},{"key":"8979_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9189","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249189","volume":"17","author":"ER Grossman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grossman ER, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Sonnenschein S. Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey of US adults. IJERPH. 2020;17:9189.","journal-title":"IJERPH."},{"key":"8979_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22942","volume":"3","author":"MS Pollard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pollard MS, Tucker JS, Green HD. Changes in adult alcohol use and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2022942.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"8979_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4308","volume":"327","author":"AM White","year":"2022","unstructured":"White AM, Castle I-JP, Powell PA, Hingson RW, Koob GF. Alcohol-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA 2022;327:1704.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8979_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31307","volume":"72","author":"BL Da","year":"2020","unstructured":"Da BL, Im GY, Schiano TD. Coronavirus disease 2019 hangover: a rising tide of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatology. 2020;72:1102\u20131108.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"8979_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer MR, Curtin SC, Garnett MF. Alcohol-induced death rates in the United States, 2019\u20132020. NCHS Data Brief, no 448. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2022","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:121795"},{"key":"8979_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2020.1832508","volume":"47","author":"SM Weerakoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weerakoon SM, Jetelina KK, Knell G. Longer time spent at home during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with binge drinking among US adults. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2021;47:98\u2013106.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"8979_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002572","volume":"119","author":"LL Jophlin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jophlin LL, Singal AK, Bataller R, Wong RJ, Sauer BG, Terrault NA et al. ACG clinical guideline: alcohol-associated liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024;119:30\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"8979_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"050","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2000-6680","volume":"43","author":"A Anouti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anouti A, Mellinger JL. The changing epidemiology of alcohol-associated liver disease: gender, race, and risk factors. Semin Liver Dis. 2023;43:050\u2013059.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis."},{"key":"8979_CR10","first-page":"130","volume":"11","author":"Y-F Kuo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuo Y-F, Kwo P, Wong RJ, Singal AK. Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant activity in the USA: variation by etiology and cirrhosis complications. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022;11:130.","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol."},{"key":"8979_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32067","volume":"74","author":"G Cholankeril","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cholankeril G, Goli K, Rana A, Hernaez R, Podboy A, Jalal P et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on liver transplantation and alcohol-associated liver disease in the USA. Hepatology. 2021;74:3316\u20133329.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"8979_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3096","author":"SH Woolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woolf SH, Chapman DA, Buchanich JM, Bobby KJ, Zimmerman EB, Blackburn SM. Changes in midlife death rates across racial and ethnic groups in the United States: systematic analysis of vital statistics. BMJ. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k3096.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"8979_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.0527","volume":"4","author":"NS Kulkarni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kulkarni NS, Wadhwa DK, Kanwal F, Chhatwal J. Alcohol-associated liver disease mortality rates by race before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. JAMA Health Forum. 2023;4:e230527.","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum."},{"key":"8979_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13182","volume":"40","author":"MC Mejia De Grubb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mejia De Grubb MC, Salemi JL, Gonzalez SJ, Zoorob RJ, Levine RS. Trends and correlates of disparities in alcohol-related mortality between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites in the United States 1999 to 2014. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40:2169\u20132179.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"8979_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000442","volume":"115","author":"AM Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon AM, Yang JY, Barritt AS, Bataller R, Peery AF. Rising mortality from alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States in the 21st century. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115:79\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"8979_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.02.006","volume":"43","author":"JE Jackson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jackson JE, Doescher MP, Hart LG. Problem drinking: rural and urban trends in America, 1995\/1997 to 2003. Prev Med 2006;43:122\u2013124.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"8979_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001712","volume":"117","author":"NN Ufere","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ufere NN, Patzer RE, Kavalieratos D, Louissaint J, Kaplan A, Cross SH. Rural-urban disparities in mortality from cirrhosis in the United States from 1999 to 2019. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117:1162\u20131165.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"8979_CR18","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). Underlying Cause of Death 1999\u20132020 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/wonder\/help\/ucd.html#"},{"key":"8979_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"19","author":"H-J Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim H-J, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Statist Med. 2000;19:335\u2013351.","journal-title":"Statist Med."},{"key":"8979_CR20","first-page":"2020","volume":"23","author":"ME Slater","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slater ME, Alpert HR. Surveillance report# 115: apparent per capita alcohol consumption: national, state, and regional trends, 1977\u20132018. Natl Inst Alcohol Abuse Alcohol 2020;23:2020.","journal-title":"Natl Inst Alcohol Abuse Alcohol"},{"key":"8979_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-023-01083-1","author":"N Maleki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maleki N, Yunusa I, Karaye IM. Alcohol-induced mortality in the usa: trends from 1999 to 2020. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-023-01083-1.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction."},{"key":"8979_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.1.05","volume":"38","author":"M Sudhinaraset","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and cultural contexts of alcohol use: influences in a social-ecological framework. Alcohol Res. 2016;38:35\u201345.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"8979_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.2.01","volume":"40","author":"A White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White A. Gender differences in the epidemiology of alcohol use and related harms in the United States. ARCR. 2020;40:01.","journal-title":"ARCR."},{"key":"8979_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307310","volume":"113","author":"SH Woolf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woolf SH. Falling behind: the growing gap in life expectancy between the United States and other countries, 1933\u20132021. Am J Public Health. 2023;113:970\u2013980.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"8979_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.26346","volume":"6","author":"IM Karaye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karaye IM, Maleki N, Hassan N, Yunusa I. Trends in alcohol-related deaths by sex in the US, 1999\u20132020. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e2326346.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"8979_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114887","volume":"301","author":"ME Patrick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patrick ME, Terry-McElrath YM, Miech RA, Keyes KM, Jager J, Schulenberg JE. Alcohol use and the COVID-19 pandemic: historical trends in drinking, contexts, and reasons for use among U.S. adults. Soc Sci Med 2022;301:114887.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"8979_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2023.05.003","volume":"111","author":"LS Moskatel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moskatel LS, Slusky DJG. The impact of COVID-19 on alcohol sales and consumption in the United States: a retrospective, observational analysis. Alcohol. 2023;111:25\u201331.","journal-title":"Alcohol."},{"key":"8979_CR28","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999\u20132020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021"},{"key":"8979_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:118999","author":"E Arias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arias E, Tejada-Vera B, Kochanek K, Ahmad F. Provisional life expectancy estimates for 2021. Natl Center Health Stat (US). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc:118999.","journal-title":"Natl Center Health Stat (US)"},{"key":"8979_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21451","volume":"3","author":"S Spillane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spillane S, Shiels MS, Best AF, Haozous EA, Withrow DR, Chen Y et al. Trends in alcohol-induced deaths in the United States, 2000\u20132016. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e1921451.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"8979_CR31","unstructured":"WHO. Tackling NCDs: \u201cbest buys\u201d and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. 2017"},{"key":"8979_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.1.09","volume":"38","author":"MA Dixon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dixon MA, Chartier KG. Alcohol use patterns among urban and rural residents: demographic and social influences. Alcohol Res. 2016;38:69\u201377.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"8979_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.013","volume":"87","author":"L Michalak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michalak L, Trocki K, Bond J. Religion and alcohol in the U.S. national alcohol survey: how important is religion for abstention and drinking? Drug Alcohol Depend 2007;87:268\u2013280.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"8979_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.01.012","volume":"21","author":"A Bryden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bryden A, Roberts B, Petticrew M, McKee M. A systematic review of the influence of community level social factors on alcohol use. Health & Place. 2013;21:70\u201385.","journal-title":"Health & Place."},{"key":"8979_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161","volume":"74","author":"BF Grant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grant BF, Chou SP, Saha TD, Pickering RP, Kerridge BT, Ruan WJ et al. Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001\u20132002 to 2012\u20132013: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. JAMA Psychiatry 2017;74:911.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-025-08979-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-025-08979-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-025-08979-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:05:52Z","timestamp":1762506352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-025-08979-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-025-08979-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No relevant conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}