{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:06:27Z","timestamp":1786539987753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-09363-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T13:35:33Z","timestamp":1756474533000},"page":"363-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Retained Plastic Biliary Stents: A Targeted Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2772-6085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lefika","family":"Bathobakae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atang","family":"Koodirile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliesther","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisbett","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Rajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praneeth","family":"Bandaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl","family":"Ramai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Ligresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2022.2164210","volume":"58","author":"M Freitas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freitas M, Lima Capela T, Macedo Silva V et al. Real-life patency of plastic biliary stents in the pandemic era: is stent removal after 6 months safe and effective? Scand J Gastroenterol 2023;58:798\u2013804.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR2","first-page":"490","volume":"36","author":"BA Dinescu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dinescu BA, Voiosu T, Bengu\u0219 A et al. The perfect biliary plastic stent: the search goes on. Ann Gastroenterol 2023;36:490\u2013496.","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/ghep.ghep_5_24","volume":"4","author":"M Zumu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zumu M, Arun RS, Rao N et al. Complications of forgotten or neglected biliary plastic stents and their outcome. Gastroenterol Hepatol Endosc Pract 2024;4:95\u201399.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Endosc Pract"},{"key":"9363_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-023-01493-y","volume":"43","author":"SS Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma SS, Maharshi S, Sapra B et al. Outcome of forgotten biliary stents for more than five years\u2014a two-decade experience. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024;43:768\u2013774.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0862-0346","volume":"51","author":"G Manes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manes G, Paspatis G, Aabakken L et al. Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy 2019;51:472\u2013491.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v15i4.60963","volume":"15","author":"S Sunkara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sunkara S, Katragadda MK, Motepalli PRK et al. Complications and retrieval of forgotten biliary stents: a clinical insight. Asian J Med Sci 2024;15:254\u2013259.","journal-title":"Asian J Med Sci"},{"key":"9363_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.11.019","volume":"81","author":"KV Chathadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD et al. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc 2015;81:795\u2013803.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.06.051","volume":"85","author":"V Chandrasekhara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR et al. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2017;85:32\u201347.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1778073","volume":"15","author":"N Patwardhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patwardhan N, Kale A, Patra BR et al. Retained biliary plastic stents: clinical presentation, complications, and management. J Dig Endosc 2024;15:4\u20139.","journal-title":"J Dig Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1075-4080","volume":"52","author":"JM Dumonceau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dumonceau JM, Kapral C, Aabakken L et al. ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy 2020;52:127\u2013149.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1743521","volume":"08","author":"A Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta A, Rajput D, Chennat JJ et al. Stentolith in bile duct: a neglected entity\u2014case report with review of literature. Surg J 2022;08:e86\u2013e89.","journal-title":"Surg J"},{"key":"9363_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.52403\/ijhsr.20240622","volume":"14","author":"SK Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jain SK, Tripura R, Kshirsagar MB et al. A rare case of forgotten CBD stent with secondary biliary calculi. Int J Heal Sci Res 2024;14:146\u2013150.","journal-title":"Int J Heal Sci Res"},{"key":"9363_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjad109","author":"Z Wilson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilson Z, Diab J, Putnis S. Migratory biliary stent resulting in colonic perforation: a rare complication and review of literature. J Surg Case Rep. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjad109.","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR14","first-page":"240","volume":"2","author":"S Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han S, Obando JV, Bhatt A et al. Biliary and pancreatic stents. iGIE 2023;2:240\u2013253.","journal-title":"Biliary and pancreatic stents. iGIE"},{"key":"9363_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e3181a031f5","volume":"19","author":"P Katsinelos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G et al. Migration of plastic biliary stents and endoscopic retrieval an experience of three referral centers. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutaneous Tech 2009;19:217\u2013221.","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutaneous Tech"},{"key":"9363_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.09.026","volume":"77","author":"PR Pfau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pfau PR, Pleskow DK, Banerjee S et al. Pancreatic and biliary stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2013;77:319\u2013327.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2178-4","volume":"57","author":"MA Khashab","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khashab MA, Kim K, Hutfless S et al. Predictors of early stent occlusion among plastic biliary stents. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:2446\u20132450.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9363_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475520945443","volume":"51","author":"R Jaleel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaleel R, Simon EG, Gupta P et al. Retained biliary plastic stents\u2014lest we forget. Trop Doct 2021;51:177\u2013180.","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"9363_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15824","volume":"37","author":"A Kubesch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kubesch A, G\u00f6rnert F, Filmann N et al. Impact of a shorter replacement interval of plastic stents on premature stent exchange rate in benign and malignant biliary strictures. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;37:1076\u20131082.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9363_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002190","volume":"118","author":"BJ Elmunzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elmunzer BJ, Maranki JL, G\u00f3mez V et al. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of biliary strictures. Am J Gastroenterol 2023;118:405\u2013426.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2020.04.008","volume":"21","author":"S Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar S, Chandra A. Giant stentolith: a rare complication of long-dwelling biliary endoprosthesis. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020;21:132\u2013134.","journal-title":"Arab J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sunkara S, Kumar Katragadda M, Ranga P, et al. Complications and retrieval of forgotten biliary stents: a clinical insight. Epub ahead of print 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202311.0394.v1.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202311.0394.v1"},{"key":"9363_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5657-z","volume":"32","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Chandra A, Kulkarni R et al. Forgotten biliary stents: ignorance is not bliss. Surg Endosc 2018;32:191\u2013195.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2104-108","volume":"51","author":"AE Duman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duman AE, Yilmaz H, H\u00fclag\u00fc S. Biliary stents are forgotten more frequently in elderly patients. Turkish J Med Sci 2021;51:3067\u20133072.","journal-title":"Turkish J Med Sci"},{"key":"9363_CR25","first-page":"2045","volume":"7","author":"M Odabasi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Odabasi M, Arslan C, Akbulut S et al. Long-term effects of forgotten biliary stents: a case series and literature review. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;7:2045\u20132052.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"9363_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1342138","volume":"52","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Ohanian E, Lee F et al. Predictors and outcomes of delayed plastic biliary stent removal following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017;52:1128\u20131132.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjae825","author":"BP Kandel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kandel BP, Luitel P, Shrestha A et al. Clinical outcomes and complications of retained biliary stents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series. J Surg Case Rep. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjae825.","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep."},{"key":"9363_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003155","volume":"269","author":"RM Gartland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gartland RM, Bloom JP, Fong ZV et al. What have we learned from malpractice claims involving the surgical management of benign biliary disease? A 128 million dollar question. Ann Surg 2019;269:785\u2013791.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"9363_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000521942","volume":"16","author":"AR Yusoff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yusoff AR, Anuar QZDK, Khalid S et al. Acute cholangitis secondary to a clogged biliary stent: a review on the cause of clogging and the appropriate time of replacement. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2022;16:55\u201361.","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.048","volume":"30","author":"V Barai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barai V, Hedawoo J, Changole S. Forgotten CBD stent (102 months) with stone-stent complex: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017;30:162\u2013164.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00219","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000219","volume":"6","author":"A Grossen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grossen A, Magguilli M, Thai TC et al. Hepatic actinomycosis in a patient with retained common bile duct stent. ACG Case Reports J 2019;6:e00219.","journal-title":"ACG Case Reports J"},{"key":"9363_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.70.508","volume":"70","author":"IG Gkionis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gkionis IG, Giakoumakis MI, Tzartzalou I et al. A rare case of massive hepatic abscess 6 years after ERCP due to retained biliary stent. J Med Investig 2023;70:508\u2013512.","journal-title":"J Med Investig"},{"key":"9363_CR33","first-page":"PD17","volume":"9","author":"MH Upwanshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Upwanshi MH, Shaikh ST, Ghetla SR et al. De novo choledocholithiasis in retained common bile duct stent. J Clin Diagnostic Res 2015;9:PD17\u2013PD18.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic Res"},{"key":"9363_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109690","author":"MA Chaouch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chaouch MA, Taieb AH, Kawach A et al. Challenges in the management of acute lithiasic cholangitis due to a long-retained plastic biliary stent: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109690.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i4.622","volume":"23","author":"SH Sohn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sohn SH, Park JH, Kim KH et al. Complications and management of forgotten long-term biliary stents. World J Gastroenterol 2017;23:622\u2013628.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.584","volume":"25","author":"J Kaneko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaneko J, Kawata K, Watanabe S et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for stent\u2013stone complex formation following biliary plastic stent placement in patients with common bile duct stones. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2018;25:448\u2013454.","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"9363_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109690","volume":"118","author":"MA Chaouch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chaouch MA, Taieb AH, Kawach A et al. Challenges in the management of acute lithiasic cholangitis due to a long-retained plastic biliary stent: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024;118:1\u20133.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.52403\/ijhsr.20240622","volume":"14","author":"S Kumar Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar Jain S, Tripura R, Kshirsagar MB. A rare case of forgotten CBD stent with secondary biliary calculi. Int J Heal Sci Res 2024;14:146\u2013150.","journal-title":"Int J Heal Sci Res"},{"key":"9363_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"L Ghirardelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghirardelli L, Beneduce AA, Gusmini S. A rare case of small bowel obstruction due to migration of a percutaneous biliary stent. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2024;12:1\u20134.","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1177\/87564793231189009","volume":"39","author":"R Bhoil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhoil R, Jhobta A, Rana N. A biliary stent in the gallbladder lumen: misplacement or migration? J Diagnostic Med Sonogr 2023;39:628\u2013632.","journal-title":"J Diagnostic Med Sonogr"},{"key":"9363_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjad109","volume":"2023","author":"Z Wilson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilson Z, Diab J, Putnis S. Migratory biliary stent resulting in colonic perforation: a rare complication and review of literature. J Surg Case Rep 2023;2023:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002078","volume":"33","author":"MH Emara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emara MH, Ahmed MH, Mohammed AS et al. Biliary stent migration: why, how, and what? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;33:967\u2013973.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9363_CR43","first-page":"769","volume":"23","author":"M Arhan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arhan M, \u00d6demi\u015f B, Parlak E et al. Migration of biliary plastic stents: experience of a tertiary center. Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech 2009;23:769\u2013775.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech"},{"key":"9363_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"2023","author":"A Mohammadi Tofigh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadi Tofigh A, Tahmasbi H, Iranshahi M et al. Cecal perforation induced by migrated biliary stent as a rare complication of ERCP: a case report and literature review. Case Rep Surg 2023;2023:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"9363_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028392","author":"TY Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park TY, Hong SW, Oh HC et al. Colonic diverticular perforation by a migrated biliary stent: a case report with literature review. Medicine. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000028392.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"9363_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.414","volume":"112","author":"ND Chou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chou ND, Burbridge RA, Jowell PS. Colonic perforation secondary to retained biliary stent. Am J Gastroenterol 2017;112:13.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR47","first-page":"73","volume":"8","author":"AM Blake","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blake AM, Monga N, Dunn EM. Biliary stent causing colovaginal fistula: case report. J Soc Laparoendosc Surg 2004;8:73\u201375.","journal-title":"J Soc Laparoendosc Surg"},{"key":"9363_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc4262","volume":"15","author":"L Bathobakae","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bathobakae L, Geris S, Jariwala M et al. Bilio-cecal stent migration presenting as massive rectal bleeding. J Med Cases 2024;15:227\u2013230.","journal-title":"J Med Cases"},{"key":"9363_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E406","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1138-0188","volume":"52","author":"P Yue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yue P, Gew LT, Meng W et al. Late complications caused by the neglected biliary stent. Endoscopy 2020;52:E406\u2013E407.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR50","first-page":"44","volume":"4","author":"TB Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah TB, Patel S, Depani R. Retained double CBD stent with calculus cholecystitis. Int J Surg Res 2022;4:44\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Res"},{"key":"9363_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210417","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210417","volume":"94","author":"S P\u00f6tter-Lang","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00f6tter-Lang S, Ba-Ssalamah A, Bastati N et al. Modern imaging of cholangitis. Br J Radiol 2021;94:20210417.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"9363_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-5042.141931","volume":"05","author":"TJ Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel TJ, Rajput S, Patel KS et al. A forgotten biliary stent for 17 years: presented with perforated gallbladder and stentolith. J Dig Endosc 2014;05:022\u2013023.","journal-title":"J Dig Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.09.010","volume":"15","author":"CD Scheirey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scheirey CD, Fowler KJ, Therrien JA et al. ACR appropriateness criteria \u00ae acute nonlocalized abdominal pain. J Am Coll Radiol 2018;15:S217\u2013S231.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"9363_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0522-4","author":"Y Gu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gu Y, Wang L, Zhao L et al. Effect of mobile phone reminder messages on adherence of stent removal or exchange in patients with benign pancreaticobiliary diseases: a prospectively randomized, controlled study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-016-0522-4.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7145","volume":"199","author":"O Catalano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Catalano O, De Bellis M, Sandomenico F et al. Complications of biliary and gastrointestinal stents: MDCT of the cancer patient. Am J Roentgenol 2012;199:187\u2013196.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"9363_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.637","volume":"4","author":"H Sran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sran H, Sebastian J, Doughan S. The forgotten biliary stent: an unusual cause of diarrhea. Clin Case Rep 2016;4:902\u2013903.","journal-title":"Clin Case Reports"},{"key":"9363_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03323-1","volume":"48","author":"M Itani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Itani M, Lalwani N, Anderson MA et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: pitfalls in interpretation. Abdom Radiol 2023;48:91\u2013105.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"9363_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3126\/jssn.v19i2.24546","volume":"19","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Kandel B, Lakhey PJ. Stentolith of common bile duct\u2014a case report. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016;19:28\u201329.","journal-title":"J Soc Surg Nepal"},{"key":"9363_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1073-7396","volume":"52","author":"M Manno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manno M, Deiana S, Ottaviani L et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of an abdominal abscess using a lumen-apposing metal stent. Endoscopy 2020;52:219\u2013220.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2019\/372","volume":"6","author":"AV Dahiphale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dahiphale AV, Deolekar SS. Biliary stent acting as nidus for stone formation: a case report. J Evid Based Med Healthc 2019;6:1825\u20131827.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med Healthc"},{"key":"9363_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20214","volume":"15","author":"Y Karasawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karasawa Y, Kato J, Kawamura S et al. Risk factors for acute cholangitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Gut Liver 2021;15:616\u2013624.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"9363_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.12087","author":"S Masuda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masuda S, Imamura Y, Jinushi R et al. Navigating antibiotic therapy in acute cholangitis: best practices and new insights. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhbp.12087.","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci."},{"key":"9363_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06820-3","volume":"66","author":"S Haal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haal S, Wielenga MCB, Fockens P et al. Antibiotic therapy of 3 days may be sufficient after biliary drainage for acute cholangitis: a systematic review. Dig Dis Sci 2021;66:4128\u20134139.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9363_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.10.001","volume":"89","author":"JL Buxbaum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buxbaum JL, Abbas Fehmi SM, Sultan S et al. ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the evaluation and management of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc 2019;89:1075-1105.e15.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR65","first-page":"1","volume":"00","author":"N Wilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilson N, Ezeani C, Ismail A et al. Bowel perforation caused by biliary stent migration after ERCP: a systematic review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024;00:1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(01)70428-2","volume":"53","author":"HE Mulcahy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mulcahy HE, Cunningham JT. A guidewire-assisted technique for removing retained biliary stents with rat-toothed forceps during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:0386\u20130387.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081258","author":"MA Elsebaey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsebaey MA, Enaba ME, Elashry H et al. Forgotten biliary plastic stents: complications, management, and clinical outcomes. Medicine. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60081258.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"9363_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i5.1318","volume":"20","author":"Y Kawaguchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawaguchi Y, Ogawa M, Kawashima Y et al. Risk factors for proximal migration of biliary tube stents. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:1318\u20131324.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0637-8806","volume":"50","author":"JV Veld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Veld JV, Van Huijgevoort NCM, Boermeester MA et al. A systematic review of advanced endoscopy-assisted lithotripsy for retained biliary tract stones: laser, electrohydraulic or extracorporeal shock wave. Endoscopy 2018;50:896\u2013909.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1344556","volume":"45","author":"P Di Giorgio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Di Giorgio P, Manes G, Grimaldi E et al. Endoscopic plastic stenting for bile duct stones: Stent changing on demand or every 3 months: a prospective comparison study. Endoscopy 2013;45:1014\u20131017.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277272","volume":"17","author":"SE Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park SE, Nam IC, Baek HJ et al. Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to reduce radiation exposure: a single-center experience. PLoS One 2022;17:1\u201314.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9363_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2020.07.015","volume":"31","author":"AM Devane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devane AM, Annam A, Brody L et al. Society of interventional radiology quality improvement standards for percutaneous cholecystostomy and percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020;31:1849\u20131856.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"9363_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12628","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i44.12628","volume":"21","author":"H Shimizu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimizu H, Kato A, Takayashiki T et al. Peripheral portal vein-oriented non-dilated bile duct puncture for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:12628\u201312634.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR74","first-page":"1","volume":"2025","author":"BP Kandel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kandel BP, Luitel P, Shrestha A et al. Clinical outcomes and complications of retained biliary stents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series. J Surg Case Reports 2024;2025:1\u20134.","journal-title":"J Surg Case Reports"},{"key":"9363_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2022.101810","author":"G Dell\u2019Anna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Anna G, Ogura T, Vanella G et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary interventions. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpg.2022.101810.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12818","volume":"29","author":"V Dhir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dhir V, Isayama H, Itoi T et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary and pancreatic duct interventions. Dig Endosc 2017;29:472\u2013485.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.03.026","volume":"100","author":"NB Marya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marya NB, Pawa S, Thiruvengadam NR et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the role of therapeutic EUS in the management of biliary tract disorders: methodology and review of evidence. Gastrointest Endosc 2024;100:e79\u2013e135.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20213618","volume":"8","author":"G Muley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muley G, Ansari W, Parikh A et al. Retained plastic biliary stent presenting with obstructive jaundice: a case report. Int Surg J 2021;8:2792.","journal-title":"Int Surg J"},{"key":"9363_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1326367","author":"V Gupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gupta V, Chandra A, Noushif M et al. Giant stentolith: complication of a forgotten biliary stent. Endoscopy. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1326367.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"9363_CR80","unstructured":"Heard L. A forgotten stent, 2019. https:\/\/www.rmf.harvard.edu\/Risk-Prevention-and-Education\/Case-Study-Catalog-Page\/Case-Study\/2019\/Case-Study-A-Forgotten-Stent. Accessed 2 Feb 2025."},{"key":"9363_CR81","unstructured":"Latner AW. Man wins appeal over stent left in body\u2014Clinical Advisor, 2014. https:\/\/www.clinicaladvisor.com\/news\/man-wins-appeal-over-stent-left-in-body\/. Accessed 2 Feb 2025."},{"key":"9363_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2020.04.079","volume":"142","author":"YQ Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan YQ, Wu QH, Chiong E. Preserving operational capability while building capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a tertiary urology centre\u2019s experience. Urology 2020;142:36\u201337.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"9363_CR83","first-page":"51","volume":"74","author":"BMZ Hameed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hameed BMZ, Shah M, Naik N et al. Use of ureteric stent related mobile phone application (UROSTENTZ App) in COVID-19 for improving patient communication and safety: a prospective pilot study from a university hospital. Cent Eur J Urol 2021;74:51\u201356.","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Urol"},{"key":"9363_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.33192\/smj.v75i6.261925","volume":"75","author":"T Pansaksiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pansaksiri T, Noppakunsatid P. Efficacy evaluation of smartphone-based stent tracking application in follow-up patients with ureteral stents: a prospective study. Siriraj Med J 2023;75:466\u2013472.","journal-title":"Siriraj Med J"},{"key":"9363_CR85","first-page":"513","volume":"114","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Cano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Cano J, de la Santa E, Domper F. Use a biodegradable stent in ERCP, it will never be forgotten. Rev Esp Enfermedades Dig 2022;114:513\u2013515.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enfermedades Dig"},{"key":"9363_CR86","first-page":"35","volume":"17","author":"Z Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan Z, Zhao X, Ji R et al. Endoscopic treatment of benign biliary stricture using different stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Videosurgery 2022;17:35\u201360.","journal-title":"Videosurgery"},{"key":"9363_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19317-y","author":"JH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim JH, Ha DH, Han ES et al. Feasibility and safety of a novel 3D-printed biodegradable biliary stent in an in vivo porcine model: a preliminary study. Sci Rep. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-19317-y.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9363_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001167","volume":"30","author":"A Siiki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siiki A, Sand J, Laukkarinen J. A systematic review of biodegradable biliary stents: promising biocompatibility without stent removal. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;30:813\u2013818.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9363_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.02.049","volume":"92","author":"A Anderloni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderloni A, Fugazza A, Maroni L et al. New biliary and pancreatic biodegradable stent placement: a single-center, prospective, pilot study (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2020;92:405\u2013411.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.10.042","volume":"87","author":"A Siiki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siiki A, Rinta-Kiikka I, Sand J et al. A pilot study of endoscopically inserted biodegradable biliary stents in the treatment of benign biliary strictures and cystic duct leaks. Gastrointest Endosc 2018;87:1132\u20131137.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.108899","author":"GG Almeida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almeida GG, Donato P. Biodegradable versus multiple plastic stent implantation in benign biliary strictures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.108899.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"9363_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06797-7","volume":"30","author":"MA De Gregorio","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Gregorio MA, Criado E, Guirola JA et al. Absorbable stents for treatment of benign biliary strictures: long-term follow-up in the prospective Spanish registry. Eur Radiol 2020;30:4486\u20134495.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9363_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13916","volume":"33","author":"CI Kwon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwon CI, Son JS, Kim KS et al. Mechanical properties and degradation process of biliary self-expandable biodegradable stents. Dig Endosc 2021;33:1158\u20131169.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.09.013","volume":"79","author":"XB Cai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cai XB, Zhang WX, Wan XJ et al. The effect of a novel drug-eluting plastic stent on biliary stone dissolution in an ex vivo bile perfusion model. Gastrointest Endosc 2014;79:156\u2013162.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.02.037","volume":"178","author":"JR Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee JR, Yang SW, Kwon CI et al. Anti-fibrotic and anti-stricture effects of biodegradable biliary stents braided with dexamethasone-impregnated sheath\/core structured monofilaments. Acta Biomater 2024;178:137\u2013146.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"9363_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00234E","volume":"10","author":"S Choudhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choudhury S, Asthana S, Homer-Vanniasinkam S et al. Emerging trends in biliary stents: a materials and manufacturing perspective. Biomater Sci 2022;10:3716\u20133729.","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"9363_CR97","first-page":"488","volume":"17","author":"G Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song G, Zhao HQ, Liu Q et al. A review on biodegradable biliary stents: materials and future trends. Bioact Mater 2022;17:488\u2013495.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"9363_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.024","volume":"49","author":"CI Kwon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwon CI, Lehman GA. Mechanisms of biliary plastic stent occlusion and efforts at prevention. Clin Endosc 2016;49:139\u2013146.","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.07.028","volume":"74","author":"JL Tokar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tokar JL, Banerjee S, Barth BA et al. Drug-eluting\/biodegradable stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:954\u2013958.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v8.i2.77","volume":"8","author":"J Shatzel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shatzel J. Drug eluting biliary stents to decrease stent failure rates: a review of the literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016;8:77.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.09.011","volume":"65","author":"KS Dua","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dua KS, Reddy ND, Rao VG et al. Impact of reducing duodenobiliary reflux on biliary stent patency: an in vitro evaluation and a prospective randomized clinical trial that used a biliary stent with an antireflux valve {A figure is presented}. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:819\u2013828.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9363_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i28.4697","volume":"27","author":"XL Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan XL, Ye LS, Zeng XH et al. New anti-reflux plastic stent to reduce the risk of stent-related cholangitis in the treatment of biliary strictures. World J Gastroenterol 2021;27:4697\u20134709.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9363_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i19.2373","volume":"25","author":"XL Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan XL, Wei B, Ye LS et al. New antireflux plastic stent for patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction. World J Gastroenterol 2019;25:2373\u20132382.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09363-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09363-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09363-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1772096621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09363-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09363-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Our institution does not require IRB approval for review articles.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}