{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:57:17Z","timestamp":1773334637189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although deaths from end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States increasingly occur at home or in hospice, inpatient medical facility deaths remain high. Despite the decrease in in-hospital deaths for all causes, non-White decedents are more likely than White decedents to die in a hospital setting. This study aimed to determine state-level variability in the location of death among patients with ESLD and HCC and to assess racial\/ethnic differences in these patterns, focusing on Black, White, and Hispanic\/Latino patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 2018\u20132022 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research. The proportion of patients with ESLD, HCC, and both conditions who died at an inpatient medical facility, home, hospice facilities, and a combination of both home and hospice was calculated, stratified by race\/ethnicity. Mapping was utilized to compare these proportions across the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was notable geographic variation in the location of death across all groups. Black and Hispanic\/Latino patients with ESLD and HCC more frequently died in inpatient facilities compared to White patients. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the number of registered hospice agencies in a state and the proportion of deaths occurring at home among White (Spearman\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and Hispanic\/Latino patients (Spearman\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.38,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Future research should investigate factors driving interstate variability and racial differences in end-of-life care for ESLD and HCC patients, which may include hospice availability and the presence of palliative care laws. Strategies to reduce these differences and enhance access to quality end-of-life care for all, particularly for racial\/ethnic minorities, are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-09433-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T03:17:18Z","timestamp":1759893438000},"page":"933-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["State-Level Variability in Location of Death of Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Meguro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"9433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2014.0425","volume":"18","author":"SY Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang SY, Aldridge MD, Gross CP et al. geographic variation of hospice use patterns at the end of life. 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