{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:54:29Z","timestamp":1793656469959,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Dublin, Trinity College"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-09665-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T17:57:14Z","timestamp":1769450234000},"page":"2702-2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ex Vivo Human Colonic Explants Identify Metabolic Alterations and Cytokine Dysregulation in Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Cathy","family":"McShane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kevans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacintha","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9665_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet Gastroenterology H. (2023)Tackling the burden of digestive disorders in Europe. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8(2):95","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00431-9"},{"key":"9665_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0286-8","volume":"17","author":"CJ Black","year":"2020","unstructured":"Black CJ, Ford AC. Global burden of irritable bowel syndrome: trends, predictions and risk factors. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020;17:473\u2013486.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology."},{"key":"9665_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30333-4","volume":"5","author":"S Alatab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alatab S, Sepanlou SG, Ikuta K, Vahedi H, Bisignano C, Safiri S et al. The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020;5:17\u201330.","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology."},{"key":"9665_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324598","volume":"70","author":"DH Vasant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vasant DH, Paine PA, Black CJ, Houghton LA, Everitt HA, Corsetti M et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2021;70:1214\u20131240.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"9665_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","volume":"383","author":"JT Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang JT. Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2652\u20132664.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"9665_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","volume":"402","author":"C Le Berre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le Berre C, Honap S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 2023;402:571\u2013584.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"9665_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.023","volume":"162","author":"N Krugliak Cleveland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krugliak Cleveland N, Torres J, Rubin DT. What Does Disease Progression Look Like in Ulcerative Colitis, and How Might It Be Prevented? Gastroenterology. 2022;162:1396\u20131408.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9665_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22532","volume":"325","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Camilleri M. Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review. JAMA. 2021;325:865\u2013877.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"9665_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2022.11.001","volume":"16","author":"M Michaels","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michaels M, Madsen KL. Immunometabolism and microbial metabolites at the gut barrier: Lessons for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunology. 2023;16:72\u201385.","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology."},{"key":"9665_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9151169","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9151169","volume":"2022","author":"AM Schneider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schneider AM, \u00d6zsoy M, Zimmermann FA, Brunner SM, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA et al. Expression of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes and Mitochondrial Mass in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:9151169.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"9665_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2018.08.009","volume":"463","author":"RM Brand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brand RM, Biswas N, Siegel A, Myerski A, Engstrom J, Jeffrey Metter E et al. Immunological responsiveness of intestinal tissue explants and mucosal mononuclear cells to ex vivo stimulation. Journal of Immunological Methods. 2018;463:39\u201346.","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods."},{"key":"9665_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","volume":"68","author":"CA Lamb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T, Hendy PA, Smith PJ, Limdi JK et al. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2019;68:s1\u2013s106.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"9665_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","volume":"13","author":"C Maaser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maaser C, Sturm A, Vavricka SR, Kucharzik T, Fiorino G, Annese V et al. ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD Part 1: Initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications. Journal of Crohn\u2019s and Colitis. 2018;13:144\u2013164.","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn's and Colitis."},{"key":"9665_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.06.048","volume":"22","author":"AM Buchner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buchner AM, Farraye FA, Iacucci M. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Endoscopic Scoring Systems in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Commentary. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;22:2188\u20132196.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"9665_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad087","volume":"17","author":"L Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peyrin-Biroulet L, Arenson E, Rubin DT, Siegel CA, Lee S, Stephen Laroux F et al. A Comparative Evaluation of the Measurement Properties of Three Histological Indices of Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis: Geboes Score, Robarts Histopathology Index and Nancy Index. J Crohns Colitis. 2023;17:1733\u20131743.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"9665_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corcoran RM, MacDonagh P, O'Connell F, Morrissey ME, Dunne MR, Argue R, et al. 2022 Association Between Ex Vivo Human Ulcerative Colitis Explant Protein Secretion Profiles and Disease Behaviour. Dig Dis Sci.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-022-07411-0"},{"key":"9665_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Connell F, Mylod E, Donlon NE, Heeran AB, Butler C, Bhardwaj A, et al. 2023 Energy Metabolism, Metabolite, and Inflammatory Profiles in Human Ex Vivo Adipose Tissue Are Influenced by Obesity Status, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Treatment Regimes in Patients with Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 15(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061681"},{"key":"9665_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","volume":"324","author":"MG Vander Heiden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation. Science. 2009;324:1029\u20131033.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"9665_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.602814","volume":"8","author":"E Urbauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Urbauer E, Rath E, Haller D. Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche-Sensing and Signaling in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:602814.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"9665_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242991","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1242991","volume":"14","author":"Y Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia Y, Zhang L, Ocansey DKW, Tu Q, Mao F, Sheng X. Role of glycolysis in inflammatory bowel disease and its associated colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1242991.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"9665_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.37349\/emed.2024.00220","volume":"5","author":"M Andriamihaja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andriamihaja M, Blachier F. Effects of alimentary-derived bacterial metabolites on energy metabolism in colonic epithelial cells and inflammatory bowel diseases. Exploration of Medicine. 2024;5:257\u2013279.","journal-title":"Exploration of Medicine."},{"key":"9665_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2005.06.002","volume":"1725","author":"X Leschelle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leschelle X, Goubern M, Andriamihaja M, Blotti\u00e8re HM, Couplan E, Gonzalez-Barroso MD et al. Adaptative metabolic response of human colonic epithelial cells to the adverse effects of the luminal compound sulfide. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1725:201\u2013212.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"9665_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.028","volume":"93","author":"M Beaumont","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beaumont M, Andriamihaja M, Lan A, Khodorova N, Audebert M, Blouin JM et al. Detrimental effects for colonocytes of an increased exposure to luminal hydrogen sulfide: The adaptive response. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;93:155\u2013164.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"9665_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.06.013","volume":"32","author":"E Urbauer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Urbauer E, Aguanno D, Mindermann N, Omer H, Metwaly A, Krammel T et al. Mitochondrial perturbation in the intestine causes microbiota-dependent injury and gene signatures discriminative of inflammatory disease. Cell Host & Microbe. 2024;32:1347\u201364.e10.","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe."},{"key":"9665_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2015.00062","volume":"3","author":"EA Novak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Novak EA, Mollen KP. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2015;3:62.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"9665_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.07.015","volume":"145","author":"F B\u00e4r","year":"2013","unstructured":"B\u00e4r F, Bochmann W, Widok A, von Medem K, Pagel R, Hirose M et al. Mitochondrial gene polymorphisms that protect mice from colitis. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:1055\u201363.e3.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9665_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-023-01796-y","volume":"72","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Jin J, Kim D-H, Kim D, Lee YM, Byun J-K et al. SGLT2 inhibitors prevent LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by downregulating NHE1 expression. Inflammation Research. 2023;72:1981\u20131997.","journal-title":"Inflammation Research."},{"key":"9665_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01227-8","volume":"32","author":"A Makaro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Makaro A, \u015awierczy\u0144ski M, Pokora K, Sarniak B, Kordek R, Fichna J et al. Empagliflozin attenuates intestinal inflammation through suppression of nitric oxide synthesis and myeloperoxidase activity in in vitro and in vivo models of colitis. Inflammopharmacology. 2024;32:377\u2013392.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology."},{"key":"9665_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-023-01099-9","volume":"23","author":"W Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng W, Johnsen K-M, Fenton CG, Florholmen J, Paulssen RH. Anti-apoptotic genes and non-coding RNAs are potential outcome predictors for ulcerative colitis. Functional & Integrative Genomics. 2023;23:165.","journal-title":"Functional & Integrative Genomics."},{"key":"9665_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3069-8","volume":"33","author":"S Nikolaus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nikolaus S, Waetzig GH, Butzin S, Ziolkiewicz M, Al-Massad N, Thieme F et al. Evaluation of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor components sIL-6R and sgp130 as markers of inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018;33:927\u2013936.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"9665_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05997.x","volume":"94","author":"HC Reinecker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reinecker HC, Steffen M, Witthoeft T, Pflueger I, Schreiber S, MacDermott RP et al. Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;94:174\u2013181.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"9665_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01540912","volume":"16","author":"JM Reimund","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reimund JM, Wittersheim C, Dumont S, Muller CD, Baumann R, Poindron P et al. Mucosal inflammatory cytokine production by intestinal biopsies in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. J Clin Immunol. 1996;16:144\u2013150.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol."},{"key":"9665_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.062","volume":"160","author":"S Schreiber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Aden K, Bernardes JP, Conrad C, Tran F, H\u00f6per H et al. Therapeutic Interleukin-6 Trans-signaling Inhibition by Olamkicept (sgp130Fc) in Patients With Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;160:2354\u201366.e11.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9665_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1084","volume":"329","author":"S Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang S, Chen B, Wang B, Chen H, Li Y, Cao Q et al. Effect of Induction Therapy With Olamkicept vs Placebo on Clinical Response in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023;329:725\u2013734.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"9665_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7840724","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7840724","volume":"2016","author":"S Baskar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baskar S, Klein AL, Zeft A. The Use of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (Anakinra) in Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis: A Narrative Review. Cardiol Res Pract. 2016;2016:7840724.","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract."},{"key":"9665_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.078","volume":"162","author":"T Raine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raine T, Danese S. Breaking Through the Therapeutic Ceiling: What Will It Take? Gastroenterology. 2022;162:1507\u20131511.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9665_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raine T, Vaja S, Subramanian S, Brezina B, Probert CS, Steel A, et al. 2023 OP33 Results of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate Interleukin 1 blockade with anakinra in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (IASO). Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. 17(Supplement_1):i43-i6.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac190.0033"},{"key":"9665_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz154","volume":"14","author":"A Butera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butera A, Di Paola M, Vitali F, De Nitto D, Covotta F, Borrini F et al. IL-13 mRNA Tissue Content Identifies Two Subsets of Adult Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Different Clinical and Mucosa-Associated Microbiota Profiles. J Crohns Colitis. 2020;14:369\u2013380.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"9665_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124884","volume":"129","author":"V Langer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Langer V, Vivi E, Regensburger D, Winkler TH, Waldner MJ, Rath T et al. IFN-\u03b3 drives inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis through VE-cadherin-directed vascular barrier disruption. J Clin Invest. 2019;129:4691\u20134707.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"9665_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103017","volume":"21","author":"H Nakase","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakase H, Sato N, Mizuno N, Ikawa Y. The influence of cytokines on the complex pathology of ulcerative colitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21:103017.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"9665_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz072","volume":"13","author":"G Mavroudis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mavroudis G, Magnusson MK, Isaksson S, Sundin J, Simr\u00e9n M, \u00d6hman L et al. Mucosal and Systemic Immune Profiles Differ During Early and Late Phases of the Disease in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2019;13:1450\u20131458.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"9665_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30308","volume":"122","author":"DM Spencer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spencer DM, Veldman GM, Banerjee S, Willis J, Levine AD. Distinct inflammatory mechanisms mediate early versus late colitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:94\u2013105.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9665_CR43","first-page":"385","volume":"76","author":"E Mizoguchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Bhan AK. Role of cytokines in the early stages of chronic colitis in TCR alpha-mutant mice. Lab Invest. 1997;76:385\u2013397.","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"key":"9665_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.017","volume":"50","author":"M Friedrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Friedrich M, Pohin M, Powrie F. Cytokine Networks in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Immunity. 2019;50:992\u20131006.","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"9665_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.656745","volume":"8","author":"A Schulz-Kuhnt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Wirtz S, Atreya I. Innate Lymphoid Cells as Regulators of Epithelial Integrity: Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:656745.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"9665_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4361043","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4361043","volume":"2020","author":"JC Hoving","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoving JC, Keeton R, H\u00f6ft MA, Ozturk M, Otieno-Odhiambo P, Brombacher F. IL-4 Receptor-Alpha Signalling of Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Smooth Muscle Cells, and Macrophages Plays a Redundant Role in Oxazolone Colitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:4361043.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"9665_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3045-2","volume":"59","author":"MAL van Tilburg","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Tilburg MAL, Zaki EA, Venkatesan T, Boles RG. Irritable Bowel Syndrome May Be Associated with Maternal Inheritance and Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Sequence Variants. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2014;59:1392\u20131397.","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences."}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09665-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09665-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09665-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:02:22Z","timestamp":1786021342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09665-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-025-09665-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by The St. James\u2019 Hospital\/Tallaght University Hospital Joint Research Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}