{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:32:42Z","timestamp":1786116762063,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-09714-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:17:54Z","timestamp":1771042674000},"page":"3146-3158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translating IBD Genomics into Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Pranjal","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mridul","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"9714_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000465522","volume":"2","author":"S Kedia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kedia S, Ahuja V. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in India: the great shift east. Inflamm Intest Dis 2017;2:102\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000465522.","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"key":"9714_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","volume":"390","author":"SC Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, Underwood FE, Tang W, Benchimol EI et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet 2017;390:2769\u20132778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9714_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2010.00429.x","volume":"11","author":"V Ahuja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahuja V, Tandon RK. Inflammatory bowel disease in the Asia-Pacific area: a comparison with developed countries and regional differences. J Dig Dis 2010;11:134\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2010.00429.x.","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"key":"9714_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2025-2","volume":"578","author":"DB Graham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graham DB, Xavier RJ. Pathway paradigms revealed from the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2020;578:527\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2025-2.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9714_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Z, Liu R, Gao H, Jung S, Gao X, Sun R et al (2023) Genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases across East Asian and European ancestries. Nat Genet 55:796\u2013806. https:\/\/ doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-023-01384-0.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01384-0"},{"key":"9714_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-023-02521-9","volume":"142","author":"D Jans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jans D, Cleynen I. The genetics of non-monogenic IBD. Hum Genet 2023;142:669\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-023-02521-9.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"9714_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101103240203","volume":"324","author":"M Orholm","year":"1991","unstructured":"Orholm M, Munkholm P, Langholz E, Nielsen OH, S\u00f8rensen TI, Binder V. Familial occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 1991;324:84\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199101103240203.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9714_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00385-8","volume":"124","author":"J Halfvarson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Halfvarson J, Bodin L, Tysk C, Lindberg E, J\u00e4rnerot G. Inflammatory bowel disease in a Swedish twin cohort: a long-term follow-up of concordance and clinical characteristics. Gastroenterology 2003;124:1767\u20131773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00385-8.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003017","volume":"72","author":"HH Uhlig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uhlig HH, Charbit-Henrion F, Kotlarz D, Shouval DS, Schwerd T, Strisciuglio C et al. Clinical genomics for the diagnosis of monogenic forms of inflammatory bowel disease: a position paper from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021;72:456\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003017.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"9714_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107","volume":"411","author":"JP Hugot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, Lesage S, C\u00e9zard JP, Belaiche J et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease. Nature 2001;411:599\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35079107.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9714_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lesage S, Zouali H, C\u00e9zard JP, Colombel JF, Belaiche J, Almer S et al (2002) CARD15\/NOD2 mutational analysis and genotype\u2013phenotype correlation in 612 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Hum Genet 70:845\u2013857. https:\/\/ https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/339432","DOI":"10.1086\/339432"},{"key":"9714_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200451207","volume":"35","author":"M Orholm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Orholm M, Binder V, S\u00f8rensen TI, Rasmussen LP, Kyvik KO. Concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among Danish twins: results of a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:1075\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/003655200451207.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9714_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.95","volume":"312","author":"NP Thompson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thompson NP, Driscoll R, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Genetics versus environment in inflammatory bowel disease: results of a British twin study. BMJ 1996;312:95\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.95.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9714_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.046","volume":"140","author":"JH Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho JH, Brant SR. Recent insights into the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011;140:1704\u20131712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.046.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3390\/children12050536","volume":"12","author":"D DemirtasGuner","year":"2025","unstructured":"DemirtasGuner D, Bildik HN, Demir H, Cagdas D, SaltikTemizel IN, Ozgul RK et al. Genetic variants in early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: monogenic causes and clinical implications. Children (Basel) 2025;12:536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12050536.","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"9714_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01156-2","volume":"54","author":"A Sazonovs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sazonovs A, Stevens C, Venkataraman GR et al. Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn\u2019s disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2022;54:1275\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-022-01156-2.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9714_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac124","volume":"17","author":"JJ Ashton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashton JJ, Seaby EG, Beattie RM, Ennis S. NOD2 in Crohn\u2019s disease\u2014unfinished business. J Crohns Colitis 2023;17:450\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac124.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"9714_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s44307-024-00021-z","volume":"2","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Ye J, Liu B et al. Unraveling the role of autophagy regulation in Crohn\u2019s disease: from genetic mechanisms to potential therapeutics. Adv Biotechnol 2024;2:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44307-024-00021-z.","journal-title":"Adv Biotechnol"},{"key":"9714_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.05.036","volume":"168","author":"AR Bourgonje","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bourgonje AR, Ungaro RC, Mehandru S, Colombel JF. Targeting the interleukin-23 pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2025;168:29-52.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.05.036.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.021","volume":"20","author":"R Nambu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nambu R, Warner N, Mulder DJ et al. A systematic review of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;20:e653\u2013e663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.021.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9714_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.023","volume":"147","author":"HH Uhlig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uhlig HH, Schwerd T, Koletzko S et al. The diagnostic approach to monogenic very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2014;147:990\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.023.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303956","volume":"62","author":"HH Uhlig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uhlig HH. Monogenic diseases associated with intestinal inflammation: implications for the understanding of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2013;62:1795\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303956.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9714_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parente P, Pastore M, Grillo F, Fassan M, Francalanci P, Dirodi A et al (2022) Very early-onset IBD: evidence for the need of a multidisciplinary approach. Pathologica 114:3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32074\/1591-951X-336","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-336"},{"key":"9714_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907206","volume":"361","author":"EO Glocker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Glocker EO, Kotlarz D, Boztug K et al. Inflammatory bowel disease and mutations affecting the interleukin-10 receptor. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2033\u20132045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0907206.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9714_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322831111","volume":"111","author":"A de Luca","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Luca A, Smeekens SP, Casagrande A et al. IL-1 receptor blockade restores autophagy and reduces inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:3526\u20133531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1322831111.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9714_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.612760","volume":"9","author":"F Barzaghi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barzaghi F, Passerini L. IPEX syndrome: improved knowledge of immune pathogenesis empowers diagnosis. Front Pediatr 2021;9:612760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.612760.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"9714_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.03.069","volume":"155","author":"M Quaranta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quaranta M, Wilson R, Gon\u00e7alves Serra E et al. Consequences of identifying XIAP deficiency in an adult patient with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2018;155:231\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.03.069.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac181","volume":"17","author":"A Hamon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamon A, Cazals-Hatem D, Stefanescu C et al. Crohn-like disease of the small bowel due to monogenic SLCO2A1 mutations: chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1. J Crohns Colitis 2023;17:816\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac181.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"9714_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i14.1753","volume":"25","author":"Y Matsuno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsuno Y, Umeno J, Esaki M et al. Measurement of prostaglandin metabolites is useful in diagnosis of small bowel ulcerations. World J Gastroenterol 2019;25:1753\u20131763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v25.i14.1753.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9714_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.030","volume":"137","author":"ZY Kucuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kucuk ZY, Bleesing JJ, Marsh R et al. Stem cell transplantation for immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;137:953\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.030.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9714_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.09.025","volume":"131","author":"KR Engelhardt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Engelhardt KR, Shah N, Faizura-Yeop I et al. Clinical outcome in IL-10\u2013 and IL-10 receptor\u2013deficient patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131:825\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.09.025.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9714_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.022","volume":"139","author":"SW Canna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Canna SW, Girard C, Malle L et al. Life-threatening NLRC4-associated hyperinflammation successfully treated with IL-18 inhibition. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;139:1698\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.022.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9714_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.06.011","volume":"7","author":"A Kiykim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kiykim A, Ogulur I, Dursun E et al. Abatacept as a long-term targeted therapy for LRBA deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:2790\u20132800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.06.011.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"9714_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108779","volume":"229","author":"ALRM Lanz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lanz ALRM, Peters P et al. Abatacept for treatment-refractory pediatric CTLA4 haploinsufficiency. Clin Immunol 2021;229:108779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108779.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9714_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.07.040","volume":"21","author":"SSE Rudra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rudra SSE, Conrad MA et al. Ruxolitinib as a targeted therapy for autoinflammatory very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;21:822\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.07.040.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9714_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.042","volume":"156","author":"M Parlato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parlato M, Charbit-Henrion F, Abi-Nader E et al. Efficacy of ruxolitinib therapy in severe enterocolitis associated with STAT3 gain-of-function mutation. Gastroenterology 2019;156:1206\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.042.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.135","volume":"110","author":"KJ Hahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hahn KJ, Ho N, Yockey L et al. Anakinra therapy does not induce sustained remission in chronic granulomatous disease\u2013associated colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2015;110:938\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2015.135.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9714_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab139","volume":"27","author":"B Bader-Meunier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bader-Meunier B, Charbit-Henrion F et al. Mevalonate kinase deficiency as a cause of severe very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021;27:1853\u20131857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izab139.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"9714_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104442","volume":"148","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang C, Baer HM, Gaya DR, Nibbs RJB, Milling S. Can molecular stratification improve the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease? Pharmacol Res 2019;148:104442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104442.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"9714_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530318666181119153522","volume":"19","author":"P Pashazadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pashazadeh P, Marjani A, Asadi J, Khoshnia M. Thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphisms, enzyme activity, and azathioprine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019;19:541\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871530318666181119153522.","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"9714_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6","volume":"33","author":"SK Davavala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davavala SK, Desai DC, Abraham P, Ashavaid T, Joshi A, Gupta T. Prevalence of TPMT polymorphism in Indian patients requiring immunomodulator therapy and its clinical significance. Indian J Gastroenterol 2014;33:41\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9714_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3060","volume":"46","author":"SK Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang SK, Hong M, Baek J, Choi H, Zhao W, Jung Y et al. A common missense variant in NUDT15 confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia. Nat Genet 2014;46:1017\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3060.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9714_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad107","volume":"17","author":"N Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu N, Sriranganathan D, Walker GJ, Sazonovs A, Wilding H, Roberts C et al. Prevalence of NUDT15 genetic variants and incidence of thiopurine-induced leukopenia in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2023;17:1920\u20131930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad107.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"9714_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311921","volume":"66","author":"HS Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim HS, Lee J, Jung ES et al. A coding variant in FTO confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia in East Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2017;66:1926\u20131935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311921.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9714_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3093","volume":"46","author":"GA Heap","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heap GA, Weedon MN, Bewshea CM, Singh A, Chen M, Satchwell JB et al. HLA-DQA1\u2013HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to thiopurine-induced pancreatitis. Nat Genet 2014;46:1131\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3093.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9714_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14652","volume":"34","author":"ES Jung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung ES, Choi KW, Kim SW et al. ZNF133 is associated with infliximab responsiveness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;34:1727\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14652.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9714_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.09.017","volume":"75","author":"LM Medrano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Medrano LM, Taxonera C, M\u00e1rquez A et al. Role of TNFRSF1B polymorphisms in the response of Crohn\u2019s disease patients to infliximab. Hum Immunol 2014;75:71\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.09.017.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"9714_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.22812","volume":"15","author":"P Romero-Cara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romero-Cara P, Torres-Moreno D, Pedregosa J et al. FCGR3A polymorphism predicts anti-drug antibody development in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF agents. Int J Med Sci 2018;15:10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.22812.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"9714_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.09.041","volume":"158","author":"A Sazonovs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sazonovs A, Kennedy NA, Moutsianas L, Heap GA, Rice DL, Reppell M et al. HLA-DQA1*05 carriage is associated with development of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab and adalimumab in Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 2020;158:189\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.09.041.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9714_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-016-9734-0","volume":"54","author":"K Repnik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Repnik K, Koder S, Skok P et al. Transferrin level before treatment and HFE gene polymorphisms as predictive markers for response to adalimumab in Crohn\u2019s disease. Biochem Genet 2016;54:476\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10528-016-9734-0.","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"9714_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i23.3668","volume":"12","author":"L Halme","year":"2006","unstructured":"Halme L, Paavola-Sakki P, Turunen U, Lappalainen M, F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4 M, Kontula K. Family and twin studies in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:3668\u20133672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v12.i23.3668.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9714_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2017.15.3.388","volume":"15","author":"A Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta A, Bopanna S, Kedia S, Yadav DP, Goyal S, Jain S et al. Familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Intest Res 2017;15:388\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5217\/ir.2017.15.3.388.","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"key":"9714_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12785","volume":"6","author":"V Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma V, Kedia S, Ahuja V. Personalized medicine to implementation science: thiopurines set for the leap. JGH Open 2022;6:651\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgh3.12785.","journal-title":"JGH Open"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09714-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09714-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09714-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:53:27Z","timestamp":1786017207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09714-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09714-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}