{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:54:09Z","timestamp":1790596449408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-09854-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:32:48Z","timestamp":1774434768000},"page":"3594-3601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk of Autoimmune Hepatitis Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Infliximab: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a National Database"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Hamza","family":"Almusabeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zack","family":"Kovach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Zaki","family":"Alzaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Teran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olanrewaju","family":"Adeniran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Elfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanya","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwarpreet","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hadam-Veverka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"9854_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21424","volume":"44","author":"RJ Andrade","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N et al. Outcome of acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: Long-term follow-up in a hepatotoxicity registry. Hepatology. 2006;44:1581\u20131588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21424.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"9854_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.58","volume":"89","author":"GP Aithal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aithal GP, Watkins PB, Andrade RJ et al. Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;89:806\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/clpt.2011.58.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"9854_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.2.551","volume":"84","author":"P Beaune","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beaune P, Dansette PM, Mansuy D et al. Human anti-endoplasmic reticulum autoantibodies appearing in a drug-induced hepatitis are directed against a human liver cytochrome P-450 that hydroxylates the drug. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987;84:551\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.84.2.551.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"9854_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bourdi M, Larrey D, Nataf J, et al. Anti-liver endoplasmic reticulum autoantibodies are directed against human cytochrome P-450IA2. A specific marker of dihydralazine-induced hepatitis. J Clin Invest. 1990;85:1967\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI114660.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114660"},{"key":"9854_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i24.2654","volume":"28","author":"CK Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan CK, Ho D, Wang LM, Kumar R. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: A minireview. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28:2654\u20132666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v28.i24.2654.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"9854_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619896264","volume":"8","author":"J Hanzel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hanzel J, Ma C, Marshall JK, Jairath V. Comparing the efficacy of biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020;8:408\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050640619896264.","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J."},{"key":"9854_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i16.2138","volume":"16","author":"A Wree","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wree A, Dech\u00eane A, Herzer K, P et al. Steroid and azathioprine therapy in infliximab-induced autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:2138\u20132140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v16.i16.2138.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"9854_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1791-y","volume":"56","author":"DA Goldfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldfeld DA, Verna EC, Lefkowitch JH, Swaminath A. Infliximab-induced autoimmune hepatitis with successful switch to adalimumab in a patient with Crohn\u2019s disease: the index case. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:3386\u20133388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-011-1791-y.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"9854_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2165\/11584650-000000000-00000","volume":"24","author":"M Cravo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cravo M, Silva R, Serrano M. Autoimmune hepatitis induced by infliximab in a patient with Crohn\u2019s disease with no relapse after switching to adalimumab. BioDrugs. 2010;24:25\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11584650-000000000-00000.","journal-title":"BioDrugs."},{"key":"9854_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20391","volume":"14","author":"M Marques","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marques M, Magro F, Cardoso H et al. Infliximab-induced lupus-like syndrome associated with autoimmune hepatitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:723\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.20391.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"9854_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1178-3","volume":"28","author":"KM Carlsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carlsen KM, Riis L, Madsen OR. Toxic hepatitis induced by infliximab in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis with no relapse after switching to etanercept. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28:1001\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-009-1178-3.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"9854_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2009.08084","volume":"14","author":"Y Poulin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poulin Y, Th\u00e9rien G. Drug-induced hepatitis and lupus during infliximab treatment for psoriasis: case report and literature review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14:100\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/7750.2009.08084.","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg."},{"key":"9854_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01346.x","volume":"187","author":"G Ozorio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozorio G, McGarity B, Bak H, Jordan AS, Lau H, Marshall C. Autoimmune hepatitis following infliximab therapy for ankylosing spondylitis. Med J Aust. 2007;187:524\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01346.x.","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"9854_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.031690","volume":"64","author":"V Germano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Germano V, Picchianti Diamanti A, Baccano G et al. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with infliximab in a patient with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:1519\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2004.031690.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"9854_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szeto W, Kingsley M, Julio P, Thiago B, Deshpande AR. Unique immediate postoperative management of Crohn disease in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis\u2013like drug-induced liver injury from infliximab requiring liver transplantation.Presented at: 82nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology; October 2017; Orlando, FL.","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201710001-02009"},{"key":"9854_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/CCI.17.00067","volume":"2","author":"U Topaloglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Topaloglu U, Palchuk MB. Using a federated network of real-world data to optimize clinical trials operations. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2018;2:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/CCI.17.00067.","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform."},{"key":"9854_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001137","volume":"63","author":"S Mostamand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mostamand S, Schroeder S, Schenkein J, Miloh T. Infliximab-Associated Immunomediated Hepatitis in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;63:94\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"9854_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jenkins A, Austin A, Hughes K, Sadowski B, Torres D. Infliximab-induced autoimmune hepatitis.\u00a0BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14:e239944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-239944","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-239944"},{"key":"9854_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.025","volume":"11","author":"M Ghabril","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghabril M, Bonkovsky HL, Kum C et al. Liver injury from tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 antagonists: analysis of thirty-four cases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:558-564.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.025.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"9854_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.027","volume":"15","author":"ES Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnsson ES, Bergmann O, Jonasson JG, Grondal G, Gudbjornsson B, Olafsson S. Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis: Response to Corticosteroids and Lack of Relapse After Cessation of Steroids. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15:1635\u20131636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.027.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"9854_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teschke R. Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis by Varenicline and Infliximab as a Continuous Disease Spectrum with Two Different Flares: Acute Liver Injury Followed by Hepatic Autoimmunity.\u00a0Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:9574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26199574","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199574"},{"key":"9854_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wong F, Al Ibrahim B, Walsh J, Qumosani K. Infliximab-induced autoimmune hepatitis requiring liver transplantation.\u00a0Clin Case Rep. 2019;7:2135\u20132139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.2456","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.2456"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09854-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09854-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09854-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T03:01:08Z","timestamp":1787540468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09854-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09854-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study used de-identified data from the TriNetX US National Database and was conducted in accordance with applicable regulations. Informed consent was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}