{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:46:56Z","timestamp":1790192816638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005743","name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-09883-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:38:34Z","timestamp":1775327914000},"page":"3776-3784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of Nurse\u2013Patient Mutuality on Self-Care Behaviors in Adults Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bassola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Lusignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Cilluffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41120","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41120","volume":"15","author":"MA Muzammil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muzammil MA, Fariha F, Patel T et al. Advancements in inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review of diagnostics, management, epidemiology, prevalence, patient outcomes, quality of life, and clinical presentation. Cureus 2023;15:e41120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.41120.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"9883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x","volume":"18","author":"GG Kaplan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaplan GG, Windsor JW. The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;18:56\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","volume":"390","author":"SC Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet 2017;390:2769\u20132778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","volume":"68","author":"CA Lamb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T et al. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2019;68:s1\u2013s106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwab022","volume":"5","author":"S Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su S, Marrie RA, Bernstein CN. Factors Associated With Social Participation in Persons Living With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021;5:59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcag\/gwab022.","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2018.00113","volume":"17","author":"BD Ye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ye BD, Travis S. Improving the quality of care for inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2019;17:45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5217\/ir.2018.00113.","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"key":"9883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae093","author":"S Delen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delen S, Jaghult S, Blumenstein I et al. Framework of IBD Care Delivery Across Ages. J Crohns Colitis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae093.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"9883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8095","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16873","volume":"32","author":"JP Fallesen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fallesen JP, Krogh ML, Minet LR et al. Needs assessment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the encounter and communication with healthcare professionals: A fieldwork study. J Clin Nurs 2023;32:8095\u20138103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.16873.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2025.03.010","volume":"S1590\u20138658","author":"G Fiorino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fiorino G, Caprioli FA, Onali S et al. Adaptation of the European Crohn\u2019s Colitis Organisation quality of care standards to Italy: The Italian Group for the study of inflammatory bowel disease consensus. Dig Liver Dis 2025;S1590\u20138658:00288\u201300289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2025.03.010.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"9883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy020","volume":"12","author":"K Kemp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kemp K, Dibley L, Chauhan U et al. Second N-ECCO Consensus Statements on the European Nursing Roles in Caring for Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2018;12:760\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy020.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"9883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14744","volume":"77","author":"R Spagnuolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spagnuolo R, Corea A, Napolitano D et al. Nursing-sensitive outcomes in adult inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2021;77:2248\u20132266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.14744.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Briant S, Freshwater D (1998) Exploring mutuality within the nurse-patient relationship. Br J Nurs 7:204\u2013206, 208\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjon.1998.7.4.204","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1998.7.4.204"},{"key":"9883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0979.2004.0312.x","volume":"13","author":"Y-H Jeon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeon Y-H. Shaping mutuality: nurse-family caregiver interactions in caring for older people with depression. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2004;13:126\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-0979.2004.0312.x.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13180","volume":"25","author":"BJ Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown BJ. Mutuality in health care: review, concept analysis and ways forward. J Clin Nurs 2016;25:1464\u20131475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.13180.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2008.00525.x","volume":"12","author":"BA Lown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lown BA, Hanson JL, Clark WD. Mutual influence in shared decision making: a collaborative study of patients and physicians. Health Expect 2009;12:160\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2008.00525.x.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"9883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.7429\/pi.2020.733213","volume":"73","author":"D Napolitano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Napolitano D, Martella P, Schiavoni E et al. The awareness of the IBD nurse position among patients from an Italian tertiary IBD centre. Prof Inferm 2020;73:213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7429\/pi.2020.733213.","journal-title":"Prof Inferm"},{"key":"9883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1721727X241281504","author":"H Bednarikova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bednarikova H, Gabova K, Zelinkova Z et al. Inflammatory bowel disease patients\u2019 expectations of care: Insights from a qualitative study. Eur J Inflamm. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1721727X241281504.","journal-title":"Eur J Inflamm"},{"key":"9883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205510292412577","DOI":"10.1177\/20551029241257782","volume":"11","author":"RL Hawkins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hawkins RL, Bull E. Healthcare professional communication behaviours, skills, barriers, and enablers: Exploring the perspectives of people living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Health Psychol Open 2024;11:20551029241257784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20551029241257782.","journal-title":"Health Psychol Open"},{"key":"9883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01850-1","volume":"21","author":"E Volpato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Volpato E, Bosio C, Previtali E et al. The evolution of IBD perceived engagement and care needs across the life-cycle: a scoping review. BMC Gastroenterology 2021;21:293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01850-1.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15594","volume":"79","author":"S Cilluffo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cilluffo S, Bassola B, Iovino P, Lusignani M. Development and validation of two versions of the Nurse-Patient Mutuality in Chronic Illness scale. J Adv Nurs 2023;79:3170\u20133182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15594.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba","volume":"35","author":"B Riegel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Str\u00f6mberg A. A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2012;35:194\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba.","journal-title":"ANS Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"9883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17712","author":"D Napolitano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Napolitano D, Biagioli V, Bartoli D et al. Validity and Reliability of the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory in Patients Living With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Nurs. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.17712.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otaf061","author":"D Napolitano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Napolitano D, Cilluffo S, Amatucci V et al. Self-care in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study. Crohn\u2019s & Colitis 360. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/crocol\/otaf061.","journal-title":"Crohn\u2019s & Colitis 360"},{"key":"9883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15129","volume":"78","author":"S Cilluffo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cilluffo S, Bassola B, Pucciarelli G et al. Mutuality in nursing: A conceptual framework on the relationship between patient and nurse. J Adv Nurs 2022;78:1718\u20131730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15129.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","volume":"335","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ 2007;335:806\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9883_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"9883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17181","volume":"33","author":"S Cilluffo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cilluffo S, Bassola B, Lyons KS et al. The role of nurse-patient mutuality on self-care behaviours in patients with chronic illness. J Clin Nurs 2024;33:4772\u20134780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.17181.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1997.tb01144.x","volume":"29","author":"RH Henson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Henson RH. Analysis of the concept of mutuality. Image J Nurs Sch 1997;29:77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1997.tb01144.x.","journal-title":"Image J Nurs Sch"},{"key":"9883_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.13251","volume":"38","author":"S Cilluffo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cilluffo S, Bassola B, Pucciarelli G et al. Mutuality between nurses and patients with chronic illnesses: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Scand J Caring Sci 2024;38:487\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scs.13251.","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"9883_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-021-00459-9","volume":"10","author":"S Edgman-Levitan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edgman-Levitan S, Schoenbaum SC. Patient-centered care: achieving higher quality by designing care through the patient\u2019s eyes. Isr J Health Policy Res 2021;10:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13584-021-00459-9.","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"9883_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21314","volume":"17","author":"L Keefer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keefer L, Kiebles JL, Taft TH. The role of self-efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease management: preliminary validation of a disease-specific measure. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:614\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.21314.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"9883_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16145","volume":"53","author":"P Schreiner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schreiner P, Rossel J, Biedermann L et al. Fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease and its impact on daily activities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021;53:138\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.16145.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"9883_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12902","volume":"72","author":"D Schulman-Green","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schulman-Green D, Jaser SS, Park C, Whittemore R. A metasynthesis of factors affecting self-management of chronic illness. J Adv Nurs 2016;72:1469\u20131489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.12902.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2020.151087","volume":"36","author":"CM Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson CM, Mooney K. Advancing Oncology Nursing Practice Through the Adoption of Patient Monitoring Digital Tools. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 2020;36:151087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soncn.2020.151087.","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology Nursing"},{"key":"9883_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-167","volume":"12","author":"J Hortensius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hortensius J, Kars MC, Wierenga WS et al. Perspectives of patients with type 1 or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes on self-monitoring of blood glucose: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2012;12:167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-167.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"9883_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003420","volume":"120","author":"J Torres","year":"2025","unstructured":"Torres J, Pan\u00e9s J, Siegel CA et al. Symptom Resolution and Meaningful Improvement in Quality of Life With Risankizumab in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized INSPIRE and COMMAND Studies. Am J Gastroenterol 2025;120:1820\u20131828.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9883_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i26.3092","volume":"28","author":"K Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song K, Wu D. Shared decision-making in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022;28:3092\u20133100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v28.i26.3092.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9883_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-04215-1","volume":"25","author":"D Napolitano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Napolitano D, Cilluffo S, Marini A, Lusignani M. Exploring nurse-patient mutuality in inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2025;25:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-025-04215-1.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"9883_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2008","volume":"23","author":"T Jaarsma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaarsma T, Hill L, Bayes-Genis A et al. Self-care of heart failure patients: practical management recommendations from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:157\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.2008.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"9883_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otaf063","author":"D Napolitano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Napolitano D, Scaldaferri F, Leone S et al. The Dedicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nurse, If You Know Them, You Love Them Survey of the Italian IBD Patients\u2019 Association. Crohn\u2019s Colitis 360. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/crocol\/otaf063.","journal-title":"Crohn\u2019s Colitis 360"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09883-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09883-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09883-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T03:01:54Z","timestamp":1787540514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09883-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09883-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Lazio 3 Territorial Ethics Committee (Protocol No. 0023486\/23). All participants provided written informed consent. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06015789).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Artificial intelligence tools (ChatGPT, OpenAI) were used to improve language clarity and grammar. The authors take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Use of artificial intelligence","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}