{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:06:26Z","timestamp":1789009586228,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002744","name":"Bar-Ilan University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-09998-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:11:04Z","timestamp":1780571464000},"page":"4862-4872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatitis B Screening, Antiviral Prophylaxis, and Reactivation Risk in Rituximab-Treated Patients: A 17-Year Population-Based Cohort Study Highlighting Current Practices and Gaps"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Fadi Abu","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mifleh","family":"Tatour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Yehya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Saadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawi","family":"Hazzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9998_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mak JWY, Law AWH, Law KWT, Ho R, Cheung CKM, Law MF. Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies in the targeted therapy era. World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Sep 7;29(33):4942-4961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v29.i33.4942. PMID: 37731995; PMCID: PMC10507505","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i33.4942"},{"key":"9998_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evens AM, Jovanovic BD, Su YC, Raisch DW, Ganger D, Belknap SM, Dai MS, Chiu BC, Fintel B, Cheng Y, Chuang SS, Lee MY, Chen TY, Lin SF, Kuo CY. Rituximab-associated hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lymphoproliferative diseases: meta-analysis and examination of FDA safety reports. Ann Oncol 2011; 22: 1170\u20131180 [PMID: 21115603 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdq583]","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq583"},{"key":"9998_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11973-y","volume":"271","author":"B Marzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marzo B, Vidal-Jordana A, Castill\u00f3 J et al. Hepatitis B reactivation is a rare event among patients with resolved hepatitis B infection undergoing anti-CD20 antibody monotherapy without antiviral prophylaxis: results from the HEBEM study. J Neurol 2024;271:134\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11973-y.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9998_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aryanian Z, Tahooneban A, Balighi K, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H, Soori T, Mohseniafshar Z, Tavakolpour S, Hatami P. Prevalence and management of chronic hepatitis B in pemphigus and pemphigoid patients: New evidence for the safety of rituximab. Dermatol Ther. 2022 Nov;35(11):e15783. 10.1111\/dth 15783. Epub 2022 Sep 4. PMID: 36001617.","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15783"},{"key":"9998_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barone M, Venerito V, Paolillo R, Emmi G, Fornaro M, Cacciapaglia F, Cantarini L, Di Leo A, Iannone F, Lopalco G. Long-term safety of rituximab in rheumatic patients with previously resolved hepatitis B virus infection. Intern Emerg Med. 2022 Mar;17(2):475-480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-0"},{"key":"9998_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Loomba R, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Reactivation Associated With Immune Suppressive and Biological Modifier Therapies: Current Concepts, Management Strategies, and Future Directions. Gastroenterology. 2017 May;152(6):1297\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.009. Epub 2017 Feb 20. PMID: 28219691; PMCID: PMC5501983.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.009"},{"key":"9998_CR7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. MMWR [online serial]. 2008; 57:RR-8. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/pdf\/rr\/rr5708.pdf. [Accessed 8 November 2015]."},{"key":"9998_CR8","unstructured":"FDA Prescribing Information. Label information for rituximab. Available at: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2012\/103705s5367 s5388lbl.pdf. [Accessed 8 November 2015]."},{"key":"9998_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11040267","volume":"11","author":"Y-F Tsai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsai Y-F, Hsu C-M, Hsiao H-H. Management of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Malignant Lymphoma Prior to Immunosuppressive Treatment. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021;11:267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11040267.","journal-title":"Journal of Personalized Medicine."},{"key":"9998_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hwang JP, Ferrajoli A, Lok AS. Hepatitis B reactivation after chemoimmunotherapy: screen before treatment. Lancet. 2021 Feb 6;397(10273):510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00210-5. PMID: 33549195; PMCID: PMC9007144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00210-5"},{"key":"9998_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jang H, Yu SJ, Lee HG, Kim TM, Lee YB, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yoon JH, Kim YJ. Efficacy of Antiviral Prophylaxis up to 6 or 12 Months From Completion of Rituximab in Resolved Hepatitis B Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized Study. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Jun;38(28):e216.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e216","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e216"},{"key":"9998_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villacis-Nunez DS, Orenstein E, Selvaggio P, Rouster-Stevens K, Wang CS, Thakral A. Improving Hepatitis B Screening Before Rituximab: A Quality Improvement Project. Children (Basel). 2023 Jun 30;10(7):1142.","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071142"},{"key":"9998_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt CM, Beste LA, Lowy E, Suzuki A, Moylan CA, Tillmann HL, Ioannou GN, Lim JK, Kelley MJ, Provenzale D. Veterans Health Administration hepatitis B testing and treatment with anti-CD20 antibody administration. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 May 21;22(19):4732-40","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i19.4732"},{"key":"9998_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq583","volume":"22","author":"AM Evens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evens AM, Jovanovic BD, Su YC et al. Rituximab-associated hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lymphoproliferative diseases: meta-analysis and examination of FDA safety reports. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1170\u20131180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdq583.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"9998_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009.\u00a0Hepatology. 2009;50(3):661-662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep. 23190","DOI":"10.1002\/hep"},{"key":"9998_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7081","volume":"32","author":"WK Seto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seto WK, Chan TS, Hwang YY et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in patients with previous hepatitis B virus exposure undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy for lymphoma: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:3736\u20133743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7081.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"9998_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.216","volume":"11","author":"JP Hwang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hwang JP, Lok AS. Management of patients with hepatitis B who require immunosuppressive therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11:209\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.216.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"9998_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, et al. AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.\u00a0Hepatology. 2016;63(1):261-283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep. 28156","DOI":"10.1002\/hep"},{"key":"9998_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-04-848044","volume":"133","author":"S Kusumoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kusumoto S, Arcaini L, Hong X et al. Risk of HBV reactivation in patients with B-cell lymphomas receiving obinutuzumab or rituximab immunochemotherapy. Blood. 2019;133:137\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2018-04-848044.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"9998_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.009","volume":"152","author":"R Loomba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loomba R, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Reactivation Associated With Immune Suppressive and Biological Modifier Therapies: Current Concepts, Management Strategies, and Future Directions. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1297\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.009.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9998_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.038","volume":"148","author":"RP Perrillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perrillo RP, Gish R, Falck-Ytter YT. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:221-244.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.038.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"9998_CR22","unstructured":"Weinbaum CM, Williams I, Mast EE, et al. Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.\u00a0MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57(RR-8):1\u201320."},{"key":"9998_CR23","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. rituximab (Rituxan) prescribing information. FDA, 2013."},{"key":"9998_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haider M, Flocco G, Lopez R, Carey W. Retrospective observational study of temporal trends and outcomes of hepatitis B screening in patients receiving rituximab.\u00a0BMJ Open. 2020;10(12):e043672. Published 2020 Dec 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043672","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043672"},{"key":"9998_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.11.024","volume":"108","author":"SM Brakenhoff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brakenhoff SM, Hoekstra R, Honkoop P et al. Patients treated with rituximab are poorly screened for hepatitis B infection: Data from a low-incidence country. Eur J Intern Med. 2023;108:68\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.11.024.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med."},{"key":"9998_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conners EE, Panagiotakopoulos L, Hofmeister MG, et al. Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: CDC Recommendations - United States, 2023.\u00a0MMWR Recomm Rep. 2023;72(1):1\u201325. Published 2023 Mar 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7201a1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7201a1"},{"key":"9998_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10430","volume":"70","author":"W Yeo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yeo W, Chan PK, Hui P et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in breast cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study. J Med Virol. 2003;70:553\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.10430.","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"9998_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul S, Dickstein A, Saxena A, et al. Role of surface antibody in hepatitis B reactivation in patients with resolved infection and hematologic malignancy: A meta-analysis.\u00a0Hepatology. 2017;66(2):379-388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep. 29082","DOI":"10.1002\/hep"},{"key":"9998_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsai YF, Yang CI, Du JS, et al. Rituximab increases the risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen-positive or have resolved hepatitis B virus infection in a real-world setting: a retrospective study.\u00a0PeerJ. 2019;7:e7481. Published 2019 Sep 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.7481","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7481"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09998-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09998-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09998-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:18:27Z","timestamp":1789006707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09998-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-09998-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}