{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:06:22Z","timestamp":1789009582158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-10017-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T13:58:32Z","timestamp":1779976712000},"page":"4703-4708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Biliary Adverse Event Signals Among Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A FAERS Disproportionality Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8273-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Alvina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4805-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huda","family":"Jaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5674-3424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chidera N.","family":"Onwuzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4259-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelkader","family":"Chaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5120-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Eisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Drucker DJ. Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Application of Glucagon-like Peptide-1. Cell Metabolism. 2018 Apr;27(4):740\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001"},{"key":"10017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He L, Wang J, Ping F, Yang N, Huang J, Li Y, et al. Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use With Risk of Gallbladder and Biliary Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 May 1;182(5):513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338"},{"key":"10017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Mej\u00eda MM, Ponciano-Rodriguez G, Eslam M, M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez N. GLP-1 receptor agonists and gallbladder disease risk: insights into molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 16.","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188251406456"},{"key":"10017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tao C, Zhang Y, Wan T, Zhao W, Chen J, Wang K, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-induced cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis using the FAERS database. Front Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 8;16:1557691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1557691","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1557691"},{"key":"10017_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Xu J, Mu X, Shi Y, Fan H, Li S. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2023 Oct 16;14:1214334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1214334","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1214334"},{"key":"10017_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ukhanova M, Wozny JS, Truong CN, Ghosh L, Krause TM. Trends in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Prescribing Patterns. Am J Manag Care. 2025 Aug 15;31(8):e228\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37765\/ajmc.2025.89778","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2025.89778"},{"key":"10017_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gameil MA, Yousef EAAM, Marzouk RE, Emara MH, Abdelkader AH, Salama RI. The relative risk of clinically relevant cholelithiasis among glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, real-world study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024 Dec 4;16(1):293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01526-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01526-2"},{"key":"10017_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Potter E, Reyes M, Naples J, Dal Pan G. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System ( FAERS ) Essentials: A Guide to Understanding, Applying, and Interpreting Adverse Event Data Reported to FAERS. Clin Pharma and Therapeutics. 2025 Sep;118(3):567\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.3701","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3701"},{"key":"10017_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2008 Apr;61(4):344\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"10017_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu L, Chen J, Wang L, Chen C, Chen L. Association between different GLP-1 receptor agonists and gastrointestinal adverse reactions: A real-world disproportionality study based on FDA adverse event reporting system database. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Dec 7;13:1043789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.1043789","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1043789"},{"key":"10017_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaddinger BC, Young MA, Billiard J, Collins DA, Hussaini A, Nino A. Effect of Albiglutide on Cholecystokinin\u2010Induced Gallbladder Emptying in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Crossover Study. The Journal of Clinical Pharma. 2017 Oct;57(10):1322\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcph.940","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.940"},{"key":"10017_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nreu B, Dicembrini I, Tinti F, Mannucci E, Monami M. Cholelithiasis in patients treated with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020 Mar;161:108087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108087"},{"key":"10017_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Du Y, Zhang M, Wang Z, Hu M, Xie D, Wang X, et al. A real\u2010world disproportionality analysis of semaglutide: Post\u2010marketing pharmacovigilance data. J of Diabetes Invest. 2024 Oct;15(10):1422\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.14229","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14229"},{"key":"10017_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kommu S, Berg RL. Efficacy and safety of once\u2010weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on weight loss in patients with overweight or obesity without diabetes mellitus\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews. 2024 Sep;25(9):e13792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13792","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13792"},{"key":"10017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiong S, Gou R, Liang X, Wu H, Qin S, Li B, et al. Adverse Events of Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (Semaglutide Tablets): A Real-World Study Based on FAERS from 2019 to 2023. Diabetes Ther. 2024 Aug;15(8):1717\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-024-01594-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-024-01594-7"},{"key":"10017_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Muus Ghorbani ML, Kreiner E, Saevereid HA, Buse JB, the LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators. Effects of Liraglutide Compared With Placebo on Events of Acute Gallbladder or Biliary Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events in the LEADER Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care. 2019 Oct 1;42(10):1912\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc19-0415","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0415"},{"key":"10017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lundgren JR, Janus C, Jensen SBK, Juhl CR, Olsen LM, Christensen RM, et al. Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 6;384(18):1719\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2028198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028198"},{"key":"10017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong J, Gao F, Jiang K, Xie Q, Zhao X, Lei Z. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide: A meta\u2010analysis. J of Diabetes Invest. 2025 Jan;16(1):83\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.14340","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14340"},{"key":"10017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mishra R, Raj R, Elshimy G, Zapata I, Kannan L, Majety P, et al. Adverse Events Related to Tirzepatide. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2023 Feb 9;7(4):bvad016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvad016","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad016"},{"key":"10017_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chedid V, Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M. Advantages and Limitations of the Federal Adverse Events Reporting System in Assessing Adverse Event Reporting for Eluxadoline. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2018 Mar;16(3):336\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.11.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.11.025"},{"key":"10017_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar A. The Newly Available FAERS Public Dashboard: Implications for Health Care Professionals. Hosp Pharm. 2019 Apr;54(2):75\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018578718795271","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578718795271"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10017-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10017-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10017-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:18:45Z","timestamp":1789006725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10017-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10017-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9192889\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was not required as de-identified patient data was used through the publicly available FAERS database.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}