{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:16:33Z","timestamp":1789049793640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-10046-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:43:29Z","timestamp":1782312209000},"page":"5037-5048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating Treatment Selection in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Mixed Method Analysis of Factors Influencing Patient Decision-Making"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reid","family":"Herran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7352-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gal","family":"Hodish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher V.","family":"Almario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4819-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maia","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Cohen-Mekelburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7984-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randolph E.","family":"Regal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4823-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrinivas","family":"Bishu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2240-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"DeJonckheere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D. R.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Berinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10046_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003463","volume":"120","author":"DT Rubin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rubin DT, Ananthakrishnan AN, Siegel CA, Barnes EL, Long MD. ACG clinical guideline update: ulcerative colitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025;120:1187\u20131224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003463.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10046_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13847","volume":"45","author":"EJ Mao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mao EJ, Hazlewood GS, Kaplan GG, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Ananthakrishnan AN. Systematic review with meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of immunosuppressants and biologics for reducing hospitalisation and surgery in Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13847.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10046_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.030","volume":"21","author":"MJ Buie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buie MJ, Quan J, Windsor JW et al. Global hospitalization trends for crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis in the 21st century: a systematic review with temporal analyses. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:2211\u20132221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.030.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10046_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2010.02.001","volume":"4","author":"LC Dinesen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dinesen LC, Walsh AJ, Protic MN et al. The pattern and outcome of acute severe colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2010;4:431\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crohns.2010.02.001.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"10046_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-025-01025-y","volume":"28","author":"MK Goyal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Goyal MK, Hassan SA, Berinstein JA. Managing acute severe ulcerative colitis in 2025 and beyond. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2026;28:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-025-01025-y.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep."},{"key":"10046_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000953","volume":"39","author":"JA Berinstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berinstein JA, Aintabi D, Higgins PDR. In-hospital management of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2023;39:274\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000953.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10046_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.033","volume":"5","author":"D Turner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turner D, Walsh CM, Steinhart AH, Griffiths AM. Response to corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.033.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10046_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.003","volume":"128","author":"G J\u00e4rnerot","year":"2005","unstructured":"J\u00e4rnerot G, Hertervig E, Friis-Liby I et al. Infliximab as rescue therapy in severe to moderately severe ulcerative colitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:1805\u20131811.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10046_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30003-6","volume":"1","author":"JG Williams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Williams JG, Alam MF, Alrubaiy L et al. Infliximab versus ciclosporin for steroid-resistant acute severe ulcerative colitis (CONSTRUCT): a mixed methods, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;1:15\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30003-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10046_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61084-8","volume":"380","author":"D Laharie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laharie D, Bourreille A, Branche J et al. Ciclosporin versus infliximab in patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids: a parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:1909\u20131915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61084-8.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10046_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406303302601","volume":"330","author":"S Lichtiger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lichtiger S, Present DH, Kornbluth A et al. Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1841\u20131845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199406303302601.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10046_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002674","author":"JA Berinstein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berinstein JA, Karl T, Patel A et al. Effectiveness of upadacitinib for patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis: a multicenter experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002674.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10046_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.038","author":"JA Berinstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berinstein JA, Sheehan J, Dias M et al. Tofacitinib for biologic-experienced hospitalized patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis: a retrospective case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.038.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10046_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002635","volume":"119","author":"A Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh A, Goyal MK, Midha V et al. Tofacitinib in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis (TACOS): a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024;119:1365\u20131372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002635.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10046_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"otaf013","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otaf013","volume":"7","author":"N Narula","year":"2025","unstructured":"Narula N, Pray C, Hamam H et al. Tofacitinib for hospitalized acute severe ulcerative colitis management (The TRIUMPH Study). Crohns Colitis. 2025;7:otaf013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/crocol\/otaf013.","journal-title":"Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"10046_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.004","volume":"134","author":"GG Kaplan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaplan GG, McCarthy EP, Ayanian JZ, Korzenik J, Hodin R, Sands BE. Impact of hospital volume on postoperative morbidity and mortality following a colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:680\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.004.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10046_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6874","volume":"97","author":"J Randall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Randall J, Singh B, Warren BF, Travis SP, Mortensen NJ, George BD. Delayed surgery for acute severe colitis is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications. Br J Surg. 2010;97:404\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6874.","journal-title":"Br J Surg."},{"key":"10046_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(84)90044-4","volume":"37","author":"EE Bartlett","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bartlett EE, Grayson M, Barker R, Levine DM, Golden A, Libber S. The effects of physician communications skills on patient satisfaction; recall, and adherence. J Chronic Dis. 1984;37:755\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9681(84)90044-4.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10046_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-9-200605020-00010","volume":"144","author":"JT Chang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chang JT, Hays RD, Shekelle PG et al. Patients\u2019 global ratings of their health care are not associated with the technical quality of their care. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:665\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-144-9-200605020-00010.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"10046_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107","volume":"5","author":"J Fereday","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. Int J Qual Methods. 2006;5:80\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/160940690600500107.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods."},{"key":"10046_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4947.1041","volume":"2","author":"SC Truelove","year":"1955","unstructured":"Truelove SC, Witts LJ. Cortisone in ulcerative colitis; final report on a therapeutic trial. Br Med J. 1955;2:1041\u20131048.","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"10046_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000526","volume":"70","author":"TA Jerofke-Owen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jerofke-Owen TA, Zielinski A, Brown RL. Mixed methods study of nurse assessment of patient preferences for engagement during hospitalization. Nurs Res. 2021;70:366\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000526.","journal-title":"Nurs Res."},{"key":"10046_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600881","volume":"5","author":"J Ende","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ende J, Kazis L, Moskowitz MA. Preferences for autonomy when patients are physicians. J Gen Intern Med. Nov-Dec 1990;5:506\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02600881.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med. Nov-Dec"},{"key":"10046_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-2803.202000000-86","volume":"57","author":"AA Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu AA, Barros JR, Ramdeen M, Baima JP, Saad-Hossne R, Sassaki LY. Factors associated with patient s preference in choosing their therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil. Arq Gastroenterol. Sep-Dec 2020;57:491\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0004-2803.202000000-86.","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol. Sep-Dec"},{"key":"10046_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae015","volume":"30","author":"G Fiorino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fiorino G, Bent-Ennakhil N, Varriale P, Braegger F, Hoefkens E. Patient preferences for treatment attributes in inflammatory bowel disease: results from a large survey across seven european countries using a discrete choice experiment. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2024;30:2380\u20132394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae015.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10046_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000423","volume":"69","author":"TA Jerofke-Owen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jerofke-Owen TA, Garnier-Villarreal M. Development and psychometric analysis of the patient preferences for engagement tool. Nurs Res. 2020;69:289\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000423.","journal-title":"Nurs Res."},{"key":"10046_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf231.604","author":"G Fiorino","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fiorino G, Salice M, Loy L et al. P0423 patient-physician mismatch in therapeutic targets for advanced therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: the PROMISE study. J Crohn\u2019s Colitis. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf231.604.","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis."},{"key":"10046_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101915","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i22.101915","volume":"31","author":"W Kruis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kruis W, Jessen P, Morgenstern J, Reimers B, Muller-Grage N, Bokemeyer B. Shared decision-making improves adherence to mesalamine in ulcerative colitis: a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional cohort study in Germany. World J Gastroenterol. 2025;31:101915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v31.i22.101915.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10046_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08633-0","volume":"69","author":"D Romain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romain D, Larson C, Kathuria P et al. Understanding the perspectives and experiences of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis in the hospital: a qualitative analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2024;69:3690\u20133700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-024-08633-0.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"10046_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac130","volume":"17","author":"E Louis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Louis E, Siegel CA, James B, Heidenreich S, Krucien N, Ghosh S. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have heterogeneous treatment preferences that are largely determined by the avoidance of abdominal pain and side effects [P-POWER IBD study]. J Crohns Colitis. 2023;17:231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac130.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"10046_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-019-00407-5","volume":"13","author":"E Louis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Louis E, Ramos-Goni JM, Cuervo J et al. A qualitative research for defining meaningful attributes for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from the patient perspective. Patient. 2020;13:317\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40271-019-00407-5.","journal-title":"Patient."},{"key":"10046_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203","volume":"15","author":"IM Rosenstock","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Educ Q. Summer 1988;15:175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019818801500203.","journal-title":"Health Educ Q. Summer"},{"key":"10046_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08712-2","volume":"69","author":"JL Sheehan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sheehan JL, Greene-Higgs L, Resnicow K et al. Self-efficacy, patient activation, and the burden of inflammatory bowel disease on patients\u2019 daily lives. Dig Dis Sci. 2024;69:4089\u20134097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-024-08712-2.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10046-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10046-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10046-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:01:45Z","timestamp":1789048905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10046-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10046-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9308389\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"JAB participated on an advisory board for AbbVie and Boehringer Ingelheim Health. PDRH received consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Buhlmann Laboratories, Celltrion, Curacle, Genentech, and Eli Lilly. CAS received consulting fees from AbbVie, Boomerang, Celltrion, Johnson and Johnson, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda; speaker fees for CME activities for AbbVie, Johnson and Johnson, Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda; grant support from AbbVie, Celltrion, Johnson and Johnson, Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda; licensing fees from Takeda. All other authors report no disclosures.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (IRBMED) approved this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}