{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:11:16Z","timestamp":1789053076660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-026-10066-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:32:30Z","timestamp":1781843550000},"page":"4967-4983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Habitual Ultra-processed Food Intake Is Associated with Gut Dysbiosis and Pro-inflammatory Metabolite Profiles in Korean Patients with IBD"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Woo-Jeong","family":"Shon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung A","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong Gwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Pil","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoun Woo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Hee","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaehoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Joon","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12107","volume":"14","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Moubarac JC, Cannon G, Ng SW, Popkin B. Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system. Obes Rev. 2013;14:21\u201328.","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"key":"10066_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1451","volume":"365","author":"B Srour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srour B, Fezeu LK, Kesse-Guyot E et al. Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Sant\u00e9). BMJ. 2019;365:l1451.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10066_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017000234","volume":"21","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Moubarac JC et al. The UN decade of nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:5\u201317.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10066_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030365","volume":"10","author":"MK Zin\u00f6cker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zin\u00f6cker MK, Lindseth IA. The Western diet\u2013microbiome\u2013host interaction and its role in metabolic disease. Nutrients. 2018;10:365.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10066_CR5","volume":"10","author":"E Mart\u00ednez Steele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez Steele E, Popkin BM, Swinburn B, Monteiro CA. Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e036980.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"10066_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3350-9","volume":"60","author":"AN Ananthakrishnan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ananthakrishnan AN. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a review. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60:290\u2013298.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"10066_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.008","volume":"30","author":"R Valcheva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valcheva R, Dieleman LA. Prebiotics: definition and protective mechanisms. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;30:27\u201337.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10066_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14232","volume":"519","author":"B Chassaing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chassaing B, Koren O, Goodrich JK et al. Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2015;519:92\u201396.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10066_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318716","volume":"69","author":"EP Halmos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halmos EP, Christophersen CT, Bird AR, Shepherd SJ, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Diet and gut microbiota: a potential new approach to managing gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders. Gut. 2020;69:969\u2013977.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"10066_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1554","volume":"374","author":"N Narula","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narula N, Wong EC, Dehghan M et al. Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021;374:n1554.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10066_CR11","first-page":"547","volume":"20","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, Du M, Wang H et al. Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20:547-556.e6.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10066_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10501","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10501","volume":"7","author":"S Nishijima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nishijima S, Suda W, Oshima K et al. The gut microbiome of healthy Japanese and its microbial and functional uniqueness compared to western populations. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10501.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"10066_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0267-y","volume":"17","author":"A Lavelle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lavelle A, Sokol H. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;17:137\u2013150.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10066_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.58","volume":"17","author":"M Levy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levy M, Kolodziejczyk AA, Thaiss CA, Elinav E. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the intestinal microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17:508\u2013523.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"10066_CR15","first-page":"1105","volume":"23","author":"ED Sonnenburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonnenburg ED, Smits SA, Tikhonov M, Higginbottom SK, Wingreen NS, Sonnenburg JL. Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations. Cell Metab. 2016;23:1105\u20131116.","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10066_CR16","first-page":"985","volume":"14","author":"JK Limdi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Limdi JK, Aggarwal D, McLaughlin JT. Dietary practices and beliefs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2020;14:985\u2013995.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"10066_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.05.031","volume":"21","author":"AB Cohen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cohen AB, Waters AM, Del Castillo T, Lewis JD. Practical challenges and limitations of dietary guidance for inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:1121\u20131131.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"10066_CR18","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Identifier NCT07166588, Research for the Precision Medicine in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT); 2025 Sep 10 [last update posted 2025 Sep 15; cited 2026 Jun 9]. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT07166588"},{"key":"10066_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih\/e2014009","volume":"36","author":"JS Shim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shim JS, Oh K, Kim HC. Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies. Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014009.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health."},{"key":"10066_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2022.0026","volume":"47","author":"JS Shim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shim JS, Shim SY, Cha HJ, Kim HC. Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in Korean adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47:547\u2013558.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J."},{"key":"10066_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285314","volume":"18","author":"A Kityo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kityo A, Lee SA. Ultra-processed food consumption and mortality in Korean adults: results from a nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0285314.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10066_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee H, et al. (2025) Trends in ultra-processed food consumption among Korean adults, 1998\u20132022. Sci Rep. In press","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88489-0"},{"key":"10066_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f439","volume":"346","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Moubarac J-C, Levy RB, Canella DS, Louzada MLDC, Cannon G. Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system. BMJ. 2013;346:f439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.f439.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10066_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003657","volume":"22","author":"D Neri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neri D, Martinez-Steele E, Monteiro CA, Levy RB. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with added sugar content in the diets of US children, NHANES 2009\u20132014. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22:1770\u20131777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980018003657.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10066_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 2014;505:559\u2013563.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10066_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1175-y","volume":"15","author":"RK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh RK, Chang HW. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. Journal of translational medicine 2017;15:73.","journal-title":"Journal of translational medicine"},{"key":"10066_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304833","volume":"63","author":"K Machiels","year":"2014","unstructured":"Machiels K, Joossens M, Sabino J et al. A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 2014;63:1275\u20131283.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10066_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","volume":"105","author":"H Sokol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008;105:16731\u201316736.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10066_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","volume":"472","author":"Z Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ et al. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 2011;472:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10066_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X0501000104","volume":"10","author":"RH B\u00f6ger","year":"2005","unstructured":"B\u00f6ger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cardiovascular disease: insights from prospective clinical trials. Vascul Med. 2005;10:19.","journal-title":"Vascul Med."},{"key":"10066_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2005.11.002","volume":"45","author":"SA Summers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Summers SA. Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Progress in lipid research 2006;45:42\u201372.","journal-title":"Progress in lipid research"},{"key":"10066_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.01.011","volume":"188","author":"EE Alexeev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alexeev EE, Lanis JM, Kao, DJ et al. Microbiota-derived indole metabolites promote human and murine intestinal homeostasis through regulation of interleukin-10 receptor. The American journal of pathology 2018;188:1183\u20131194.","journal-title":"The American journal of pathology"},{"key":"10066_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302578","volume":"62","author":"H Duboc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duboc H, Rajca S, Rainteau D et al. Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 2013;62:531\u2013539.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10066_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.021","volume":"22","author":"KA Romano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romano KA, Martinez-del Campo A, Kasahara K et al. Metabolic, epigenetic, and transgenerational effects of gut bacterial choline consumption. Cell host & microbe 2017;22:279\u2013290.","journal-title":"Cell host & microbe"},{"key":"10066_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.007","volume":"14","author":"AD Kostic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment. Cell host & microbe 2013;14:207\u2013215.","journal-title":"Cell host & microbe"},{"key":"10066_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21606","volume":"17","author":"J Strauss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strauss J, Kaplan GG, Beck PL et al. Invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with IBD status of the host. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2011;17:1971\u20131978.","journal-title":"Inflammatory bowel diseases"},{"key":"10066_CR37","unstructured":"Ju T, et al. (2019) Taxonomic profiling and colonization patterns of the gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiome."},{"key":"10066_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14281","volume":"33","author":"YJ Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen YJ, Wu H, Wu SD et al. Parasutterella, in association with irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal chronic inflammation. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018;33:1844\u20131852.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10066_CR39","unstructured":"Maier TV, et al. (2021) Impact of dietary sugars on gut microbiome composition and metabolic health. Cell Metab."},{"key":"10066_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14232","volume":"519","author":"B Chassaing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chassaing B, Koren O, Goodrich JK et al. Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2015;519:92\u201396.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10066_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1359","volume":"77","author":"E Viennois","year":"2017","unstructured":"Viennois E, Merlin D, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Dietary emulsifier\u2013induced low-grade inflammation promotes colon carcinogenesis. Cancer research 2017;77:27\u201340.","journal-title":"Cancer research"},{"key":"10066_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.01.002","volume":"5","author":"WL, H.,","year":"2007","unstructured":"WL, H.,. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates glucocorticoid-, saturatedfat-, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2007;5:167\u2013179.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10066_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.06.013","volume":"6","author":"S Crocco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crocco S, Martelossi S, Giurici N, Villanacci V, Ventura A. Upper gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric onset Crohn\u2019s disease: prevalence and clinical implications. Journal of Crohn\u2019s and Colitis 2012;6:51\u201355.","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"},{"key":"10066_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05651-1","volume":"64","author":"XW Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun XW, Wei J, Yang Z et al. Clinical features and prognosis of Crohn\u2019s disease with upper gastrointestinal tract phenotype in Chinese patients. Digestive diseases and sciences 2019;64:3291\u20133299.","journal-title":"Digestive diseases and sciences"},{"key":"10066_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2019.10.16.1","volume":"36","author":"JS Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon JS, Lee JL, Yu CS et al. Clinical characteristics and postoperative outcomes of patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal tract Crohn disease. Annals of Coloproctology 2020;36:243.","journal-title":"Annals of Coloproctology"},{"key":"10066_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim OZ, et al. (2018) The clinical characteristics and prognosis of Crohn's disease in Korean patients showing proximal small bowel involvement: results from the CONNECT study. Gut Liver.","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16500"},{"key":"10066_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84073","author":"N Omer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Omer N et al. Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical and endoscopic correlations. Cureus. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84073.","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10066-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10066-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10066-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:03:30Z","timestamp":1789052610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10066-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-026-10066-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9445079\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the three referral medical centers (IRB numbers: H-2108\u2013175-1248 at Seoul National University Hospital, 30\u20132021-22 at Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 2020\u201311-063 at Kyungpook National University Hospital). All materials were obtained with informed consent under institutional review board-approved protocols, and the study was conducted in compliance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all enrolled subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}