{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:43:20Z","timestamp":1780469000150,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"unrestricted grant from the Peter LeHaye, Barbara Anderson, and William O. Rogers Endowment Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-020-09756-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T08:03:22Z","timestamp":1581494602000},"page":"111-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Retinal and visual function in infants with non-accidental trauma and retinal hemorrhages"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Ganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"9756_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.636","volume":"108","author":"KW Feldman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Feldman KW, Bethel R, Shugerman RP, Grossman DC, Grady MS, Ellenbogen RG (2001) The cause of infant and toddler subdural hemorrhage: a prospective study. Pediatrics 108:636\u2013646","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9756_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.165","volume":"114","author":"K Bechtel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bechtel K, Stoessel K, Leventhal JM et al (2004) Characteristics that distinguish accidental from abusive injury in hospitalized young children with head trauma. Pediatrics 114:165\u2013168","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9756_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3282a167f0","volume":"18","author":"NK Mungan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mungan NK (2007) Update on shaken baby syndrome: ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 18:392\u2013397","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02291.x","volume":"38","author":"Y Morad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morad Y, Wygnansky-Jaffe T, Levin AV (2010) Retinal haemorrhage in abusive head trauma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 38:514\u2013520","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01628-8","volume":"134","author":"Y Morad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morad Y, Kim YM, Armstrong DC, Huyer D, Mian M, Levin AV (2002) Correlation between retinal abnormalities and intracranial abnormalities in the shaken baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 134:354\u2013359","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.03.038","volume":"142","author":"T Wygnanski-Jaffe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Levin AV, Shafiq A et al (2006) Postmortem orbital findings in shaken baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 142:233\u2013240","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.11.006","volume":"13","author":"N Rangarajan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rangarajan N, Kamalakkannan SB, Hasija V et al (2009) Finite element model of ocular injury in abusive head trauma. J AAPOS 13:364\u2013369","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"9756_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002273","author":"W Abed Alnabi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abed Alnabi W, Tang GJ, Eagle RC Jr, Gulino S, Thau A, Levin AV (2018) Pathology of perimacular folds due to vitreoretinal traction in abusive head trauma. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002273","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"9756_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1182","author":"A Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi A, Kulkarni A, Feldman KW et al (2019) Retinal findings in young children with increased intracranial pressure from nontraumatic causes. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-1182","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9756_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00161-5","volume":"107","author":"JD Kivlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kivlin JD, Simons KB, Lazoritz S, Ruttum MS (2000) Shaken baby syndrome. Ophthalmology 107:1246\u20131254","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"9756_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.04.023","volume":"146","author":"V Sturm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sturm V, Landau K, Menke MN (2008) Optical coherence tomography findings in Shaken Baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 146:363\u2013368","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.08.010","volume":"147","author":"AW Scott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scott AW, Farsiu S, Enyedi LB, Wallace DK, Toth CA (2009) Imaging the infant retina with a hand-held spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device. Am J Ophthalmol 147:364\u2013373","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"DD Koozekanani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koozekanani DD, Weinberg DV, Dubis AM, Beringer J, Carroll J (2010) Hemorrhagic retinoschisis in shaken baby syndrome imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 9:1\u20133","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"9756_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181dc048c","volume":"30","author":"RH Muni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muni RH, Kohly RP, Sohn EH, Lee TC (2010) Hand-held spectral domain optical coherence tomography finding in shaken-baby syndrome. Retina 30:S45\u2013S50","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"9756_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.02.011","volume":"17","author":"Y Nakayama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakayama Y, Yokoi T, Sachiko N, Okuyama M, Azuma N (2013) Electroretinography combined with spectral domain optical coherence tomography to detect retinal damage in shaken baby syndrome. J AAPOS 17:411\u2013413","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"9756_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000251","volume":"10","author":"MI Seider","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seider MI, Tran-Viet D, Toth CA (2016) Macular pseudo-hole in shaken baby syndrome: underscoring the utility of optical coherence tomography under anesthesia. Retin Cases Brief Rep 10:283\u2013285","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"9756_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01366-6","volume":"133","author":"V Biousse","year":"2002","unstructured":"Biousse V, Suh DY, Newman NJ, Davis PC, Mapstone T, Lambert SR (2002) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in shaken baby syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 133:249\u2013255","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00040","volume":"4","author":"PM Kochanek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kochanek PM, Berger RP, Fink EL et al (2013) The potential for bio-mediators and biomarkers in pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurocritical care. Front Neurol 4:4","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"9756_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.6.472","volume":"88","author":"AM Kemp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kemp AM, Stoodley N, Cobley C, Coles L, Kemp KW (2003) Apnoea and brain swelling in non-accidental head injury. Arch Dis Child 88:472\u2013476","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"9756_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33688-1","volume":"93","author":"MJ Greenwald","year":"1986","unstructured":"Greenwald MJ, Weiss A, Oesterle CS, Friendly DS (1986) Traumatic retinoschisis in battered babies. Ophthalmology 93:618\u2013625","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"9756_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19980101-09","volume":"35","author":"CD Fishman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fishman CD, Dasher WB 3rd, Lambert SR (1998) Electroretinographic findings in infants with the shaken baby syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 35:22\u201326","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"9756_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1001\/archopthalmol.2011.1674","volume":"130","author":"BP Bielory","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bielory BP, Dubovy SR, Olmos LC, Hess DJ, Berrocal AM (2012) Fluorescein angiographic and histopathologic findings of bilateral peripheral retinal nonperfusion in nonaccidental injury: a case series. Arch Ophthalmol 130:383\u2013387","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.10.008","volume":"22","author":"JP Kelly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kelly JP, Phillips JO, Weiss AH (2018) Does eye velocity due to infantile nystagmus deprive visual acuity development? J AAPOS 22:50\u201355","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"9756_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-014-9473-7","volume":"130","author":"DL McCulloch","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCulloch DL, Marmor MF, Brigell MG, Hamilton R, Holder GE, Tzekov R, Bach M (2015) ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2015 update). Doc Ophthalmol 130:1\u201312","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-011-9296-8","volume":"124","author":"DC Hood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hood DC, Bach M, Brigell M et al (2012) ISCEV standard for clinical multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) (2011 edition). Doc Ophthalmol 124:1\u201313","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022909328103","volume":"106","author":"JP Kelly","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kelly JP, Crognale MA, Weiss AH (2003) ERGs, cone-isolating VEPs and analytical techniques in children with cone dysfunction syndromes. Doc Ophthalmol 106:289\u2013304","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.11.1507","volume":"126","author":"AH Weiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weiss AH, Kelly JP, Kapur RP, Pendergrass T (2008) Retinal function and corresponding pathology in advanced retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol 126:1507\u20131512","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.12.037","volume":"120","author":"AH Weiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weiss AH, Phillips JO, Kelly JP (2013) Anatomic features and function of the macula and outcome of surgical tenotomy and reattachment in achiasma. Ophthalmology 120:1469\u20131475","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"Supp 4","key":"9756_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3168-9","volume":"44","author":"J Nadarasa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nadarasa J, Deck C, Meyer F, Willinger R, Raul JS (2014) Update on injury mechanisms in abusive head trauma\u2014shaken baby syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 44(Supp 4):s565\u2013s570","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"9756_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.08.013","volume":"117","author":"DT Goldenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goldenberg DT, Wu D, Capone A Jr, Drenser KA, Trese MT (2010) Nonaccidental trauma and peripheral retinal noperfusion. Ophthalmology 117:561\u2013566","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"9756_CR31","first-page":"3634","volume":"41","author":"J Kang Derwent","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kang Derwent J, Linsenmeier RA (2000) Effects of hypoxemia on the a- and b-waves of the electroretinogram in the cat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:3634\u20133642","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"9756_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1237-9","volume":"248","author":"H Mor\u00e9n","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mor\u00e9n H, Gesslein B, Andreasson S, Malmsj\u00f6 M (2010) Multifocal electroretinogram for functional evaluation of retinal injury following ischemia-reperfusion in pigs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 248:627\u2013634","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR33","first-page":"838","volume":"117","author":"MS Brown","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brown MS, Shami S (1999) Optic disc neovascularization following severe retinoschisis due to shaken baby syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 117:838\u2013839","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(68)90041-2","volume":"8","author":"KT Brown","year":"1968","unstructured":"Brown KT (1968) The electroretinogram, its components and their origins. Vis Res 8:633\u2013677","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"9756_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800012190","volume":"14","author":"DC Hood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hood DC, Seiple W, Holopigian K et al (1997) A comparison of the components of the multifocal and full-field ERGs. Vis Neurosci 14:533\u2013544","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"9756_CR36","first-page":"1673","volume":"43","author":"DC Hood","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hood DC, Frishman LJ, Saszik S, Viswanathan S (2002) Retinal origins of the primate multifocal ERG: implications for the human response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:1673\u20131685","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"9756_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020553020264","volume":"105","author":"WA Hare","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hare WA, Ton H (2002) Effects of APB, PDA, and TTX on ERG responses recorded using both multifocal and conventional methods in monkey. Effects of APB, PDA, and TTX on monkey ERG responses. Doc Ophthalmol 105:189\u2013222","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-007-9076-7","volume":"116","author":"YF Ng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ng YF, Chan HH, Chu PH et al (2008) Pharmacologically defined components of the normal porcine multifocal ERG. Doc Ophthalmol 116:165\u2013176","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9756_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2015.12.008","volume":"20","author":"G Binenbaum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Binenbaum G, Chen W, Huang J, Ying GS, Forbes BJ (2016) The natural history of retinal hemorrhage in pediatric head trauma. J AAPOS 20:131\u2013135","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"9756_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198909030-00010","volume":"9","author":"MJ Jaffe","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jaffe MJ, Hommer DW, Caruso RC, Straw GM, de Monasterio FM (1989) Attenuating effects of diazepam on the electroretinogram of normal humans. Retina 9:216\u2013225","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"9756_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91634-X","volume":"479","author":"J Robbins","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robbins J, Ikeda H (1989) Benzodiazepines and the mammalian retina. I. Autoradiographic localisation of receptor sites and the lack of effect on the electroretinogram. Brain Res 479:313\u2013322","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9756_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002418330466","volume":"99","author":"SN Stafanous","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stafanous SN, Clarke MP, Ashton H, Mitchell KW (1999) The effect of long-term use of benzodiazepines on the eye and retina. Doc Ophthalmol 99:55\u201368","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Documenta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-020-09756-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10633-020-09756-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-020-09756-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T09:34:52Z","timestamp":1665826492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10633-020-09756-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-020-09756-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-4486","1573-2622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-4486","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Drs. Feldman and Metz provide medical legal consultation in possible child abuse cases. No potentially conflicting relationship exists for the other authors. John Kelly is an unpaid consultant to the University of Washington to maintain the quality control of Teller Acuity Cards, which were used in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital. Procedures conformed to the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requirements.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human rights"}},{"value":"This study did not involve animals.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement on the welfare of animals"}},{"value":"The study is a retrospective review of charts.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}