{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:09:08Z","timestamp":1776953348559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute, NIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EY R01 30155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY R01 30155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The electroretinogram (ERG) is the summed response from all levels of the retinal processing of light, and exhibits several profound nonlinearities in the underlying processing pathways. Accurate computational models of the ERG are important, both for understanding the multifold processes of light transduction to ecologically useful signals by the retina, and for their diagnostic capabilities for the identification and characterization of retinal disease mechanisms. There are, however, very few computational models of the ERG waveform, and none that account for the full extent of its features over time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study takes the neuroanalytic approach to modeling the ERG waveform, defined as a computational model based on the main features of the transmitter kinetics of the retinal neurons.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present neuroanalytic model of the human rod ERG is elaborated from the same general principles as that of Hood and Birch (Vis Neurosci 8(2):107\u2013126, 1992), but incorporates the more recent understanding of the early nonlinear stages of ERG generation by Robson and Frishman (Prog Retinal Eye Res 39:1\u201322, 2014). As a result, it provides a substantially better match than previous models of rod responses in six different waveform features of the ERG flash intensity series on which the Hood and Birch model was based.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The neuroanalytic approach extends previous models of the component waves of the ERG, and can be structured to provide an accurate characterization of the full timecourse of the ERG waveform. The approach thus holds promise for advancing the theoretical understanding of the retinal kinetics of the light response.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-024-09977-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T02:01:26Z","timestamp":1719972086000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advanced computational model of rod ERG kinetics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1512-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"9977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011328","volume":"256","author":"GB Arden","year":"1976","unstructured":"Arden GB (1976) Voltage gradients across the receptor layer of the isolated rat retina. J Physiol 256:333\u2013360","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"9977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014781","volume":"340","author":"JF Ashmore","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ashmore JF, Copenhagen DR (1983) An analysis of transmission from cones to hyperpolarizing bipolar cells in the retina of the turtle. J Physiol 340:569\u2013597","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"9977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012007","volume":"271","author":"DA Baylor","year":"1977","unstructured":"Baylor DA, Fettiplace R (1977) Kinetics of synaptic transfer from receptors to ganglion cells in turtle retina. J Physiol 271:425\u2013448","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR4","first-page":"140","volume":"28","author":"DG Birch","year":"1987","unstructured":"Birch DG, Fish GE (1987) Rod ERGs in retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28(1):140\u2013150","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"9977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1933.sp002964","volume":"77","author":"R Granit","year":"1933","unstructured":"Granit R (1933) The components of the retinal action potential and their relation to the discharge in the optic nerve. J Physiol 77:207\u2013240","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800009275","volume":"8","author":"DC Hood","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hood DC, Birch DG (1992) A computational model of the amplitude and implicit time of the b-wave of the human ERG. Vis Neurosci 8(2):107\u2013126","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"9977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90027-T","volume":"33","author":"DC Hood","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hood DC, Birch DG (1993) Light adaptation of human rod receptors: the leading edge of the human a-wave and models of rod receptor activity. Vision Res 33(12):1605\u20131618","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"9977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019661","volume":"464","author":"TW Kraft","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kraft TW, Schneeweis DM, Schnapf JL (1993) Visual transduction in human rod photoreceptors. J Physiol 464:747\u2013765","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(72)86145-9","volume":"12","author":"RD Penn","year":"1972","unstructured":"Penn RD, Hagins WA (1972) Kinetics of the photocurrent of retinal rods. Biophys J 12(8):1073\u20131094","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"9977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.003","volume":"39","author":"JG Robson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robson JG, Frishman LJ (2014) The rod-driven a-wave of the dark-adapted mammalian electroretinogram. Prog Retinal Eye Res 39:1\u201322","journal-title":"Prog Retinal Eye Res"},{"key":"9977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/296862a0","volume":"296","author":"J Schnapf","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schnapf J, Copenhagen DR (1982) Differences in kinetics of rod and cone synaptic transmission. 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Science 268:1053\u20131056","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Documenta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-024-09977-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10633-024-09977-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-024-09977-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T04:04:47Z","timestamp":1720584287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10633-024-09977-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-024-09977-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-4486","1573-2622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-4486","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The sole author certifies that he has no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript, other than the funding specified above.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"There were no procedures involving human participants in this modeling study, other than those related to previously published work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent"}},{"value":"No animals were used in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of animal welfare"}}]}}