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The P300 component of the event-related potentials offers a potential solution and even allows for the use of standard optotypes like the Landolt C. However, low-vision patients with large eccentric visual field defects often struggle to locate the Landolt C gap quickly enough for a P300 to be reliably produced.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Addressing this challenge, we introduce a novel optotype (the \u201cFreiBurger\u201d) with a critical detail that extends through the optotype\u2019s center. Two experiments, with 16 and 12 participants, respectively, were conducted. In the first, psychophysical acuity estimates were obtained with both the FreiBurger and the Landolt C. In the second, we tested the performance of the FreiBurger, relative to the Landolt C, in eliciting a P300 with undegraded vision, simulated low vision, and in a simulated combination of low vision and visual field constriction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Comparable psychophysical acuity values (average difference 0.03 logMAR) were obtained for both optotypes. In the P300 recordings, both optotypes produced similar P300 responses under conditions of undegraded vision and low vision. However, with the combination of low vision and constricted visual field, the P300 could only be reliably obtained with the FreiBurger, while the amplitude was drastically reduced with the Landolt C (9.1\u00a0\u00b5V vs. 2.2\u00a0\u00b5V; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The new optotype extends the applicability of P300-based acuity estimation to the frequently encountered combination of low vision and constricted visual field, where Landolt C optotypes fail. Although impairments were simulated in the present study, we assume that the advantages of the new optotype will also manifest in patients with such impairments. We furthermore expect the advantages to apply to time-sensitive psychophysical examinations as well.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-024-09982-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T07:01:50Z","timestamp":1719298910000},"page":"87-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The FreiBurger: a new optotype for P300-based acuity estimation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line Z.","family":"Duval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia B.","family":"Kaczan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven P.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"9982_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001227","volume":"95","author":"HRJC Ravensbergen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravensbergen HRJC, van Bree BINA, Broekens DM, Mann DL (2018) Detecting cheating when testing vision: variability in acuity measures reveals misrepresentation. 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