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Comparison analysis was performed to determine whether gold foil reference data could be included in the silver thread reference range, directly or with adjustment. Reference subjects and patients underwent ERG testing with both silver thread and gold foil electrodes (n\u2009=\u200953) and skin electrodes (n\u2009=\u200941). A linear model, fitted to the electrode comparison data, was used to transform gold foil ERG reference data for inclusion in the reference sample (n\u2009=\u2009156). The combined sample of 407 reference individuals was used to derive age-adjusted reference limits for the main DA 0.01, DA 3, DA 10, LA 30\u00a0Hz and LA 3 ERG components.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Silver thread ERG reference data was sufficiently similar across two centres to justify combination into a single reference sample. Peak times for gold foil and silver thread ERGs were closely comparable (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 0.75\u20130.98, Bland\u2013Altman bias\u2009\u2264\u20091.6\u00a0ms for all ERG components), with LA 30\u00a0Hz peak time showing the highest agreement (bias: \u2212\u20090.2\u00a0ms, 95% limits of agreement (LOA): \u2212\u20091.1 to 0.7\u00a0ms, \u2018silver thread\u2014gold foil\u2019). There was a clinically significant amplitude difference between electrode types: silver thread ERGs were 55\u201365% of the amplitude of gold foil ERGs (LOA ranged from 29 to 90%) and skin ERGs were 35\u201338% of the amplitude of silver thread ERGs (LOA ranged from 18 to 54%). Pooled reference data formed a sufficient sample covering 8 decades, from which age-adjusted parametric and nonparametric reference limits were calculated with reference to current guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ISCEV standard silver thread ERG data were consistent across the two centres, allowing transference of reference data. Reference data recorded with gold foil electrodes can be transformed for inclusion in a silver thread ERG reference range. The study highlights methods of pooling multiple sources of reference data into a larger, more robust sample, pertinent to standardization, clinical management, and multi-centre studies. These reference data could be adopted by other centres or combined with other datasets, following suitable verification.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-025-10009-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T11:22:41Z","timestamp":1743679361000},"page":"47-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ISCEV standard full-field ERG reference limits from 407 healthy subjects, derived from transference and validation of reference data between electrode types and centres"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun M.","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William I. 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