{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:05:38Z","timestamp":1778544338220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To describe the association between nystagmus characteristics and pattern-reversal VEP (prVEP) P100 amplitude and peak time in patients with albinism.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analyzed the prVEP (60\u2019 and 15\u2019 checksize) and nystagmus recordings from 47 patients with albinism, 17 with a relatively good visual acuity (\u2264\u20090.3 logMAR), and 30 with a relatively poor visual acuity (\u2265\u20090.6 logMAR). The nystagmus waveforms were classified into two types: dominantly pendular and dominantly jerk. We correlated the nystagmus type, amplitude, frequency, and percentage of low velocity (PLOV) to P100 amplitude and peak time.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For most patients (87%), reproducible responses were observed for the large checks (60'). Among patients with good visual acuity, 94% had reproducible responses of which the majority (82%) of P100 amplitudes fell within the normal reference range. In contrast, although 83% of patients with poor visual acuity showed reproducible responses, only a minority (17%) of P100 amplitudes were within the normal range. The P100 amplitude to 60\u2019check sizes was statistically correlated with PLOV (r\u2009=\u20090.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), nystagmus type (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and nystagmus amplitude (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.39, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0092).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Patients with relatively good visual acuity and jerk nystagmus exhibited the highest PLOV and the largest P100 amplitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between P100 peak time and any nystagmus parameters in patients with good or poor visual acuity.93% normal peak time. For the small checks (15\u2019), 76% of patients with good visual acuity, still showed reproducible responses, with the majority (71%) of P100 amplitudes falling within the normal reference range. In contrast, among patients with poor visual acuity, only 3% (1 patient) showed reproducible responses, but with amplitudes below the normal range. For the patients with good visual acuity, PLOV showed a significant correlation with P100 amplitude. P100 peak time was normal for 77% (10\/13) of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For the prVEP with 60\u2019 checks, nystagmus in patients with albinism predominantly affects the P100 amplitude but not the P100 peak time. For 15\u2019 checks the amplitude is often so small that clear responses are no longer discernable, especially in patients with poor visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-025-10026-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T03:50:47Z","timestamp":1748922647000},"page":"45-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nystagmus characteristics and their impact on pattern-reversal VEP in patients with albinism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0234-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman E.","family":"Talsma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard C.","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte C.","family":"Kruijt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan H. L.","family":"Zwerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"van Genderen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10026_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.05.019","volume":"50","author":"JB Jacobs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jacobs JB, Dell\u2019Osso LF (2010) Extending the expanded nystagmus acuity function for vertical and multiplanar data. Vision Res 50:271\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2009.05.019","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10026_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.12.007","volume":"15","author":"AH Weiss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weiss AH, Kelly JP, Phillips JO (2011) Relationship of slow-phase velocity to visual acuity in infantile nystagmus associated with albinism. J AAPOS 15:33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.12.007","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10026_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4686","volume":"52","author":"VLN Fu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fu VLN, Bilonick RA, Felius J et al (2011) Visual acuity development of children with infantile nystagmus syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:1404\u20131411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.09-4686","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10026_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11992","volume":"54","author":"J Felius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Felius J, Muhanna ZA (2013) Visual deprivation and foveation characteristics both underlie visual acuity deficits in idiopathic infantile nystagmus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:3520\u20133525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.13-11992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10026_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8724","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7760","volume":"52","author":"J Felius","year":"2011","unstructured":"Felius J, Fu VLN, Birch EE et al (2011) Quantifying nystagmus in infants and young children: relation between foveation and visual acuity deficit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:8724\u20138731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-7760","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10026_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015299930849","volume":"104","author":"LF Dell\u2019Osso","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Osso LF, Jacobs JB (2002) An expanded nystagmus acuity function: Intra- and intersubject prediction of best-corrected visual acuity. Doc Ophthalmol 104:249\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1015299930849","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.184432","volume":"95","author":"Z Tai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tai Z, Hertle RW, Bilonick RA, Yang D (2011) A new algorithm for automated nystagmus acuity function analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 95:832\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2010.184432","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR8","first-page":"1894","volume":"34","author":"JL Demer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Demer JL, Amjadi F (1993) Dynamic visual acuity of normal subjects during vertical optotype and head motion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34:1894\u20131906","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10026_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90124-7","volume":"29","author":"RV Abadi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Abadi RV, Worfolk R (1989) Retinal slip velocities in congenital nystagmus. Vision Res 29:195\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90124-7","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10026_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002702609387","volume":"101","author":"M Cesarelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cesarelli M, Bifulco P, Loffredo L, Bracale M (2000) Relationship between visual acuity and eye position variability during foveations in congenital nystagmus. Doc Ophthalmol 101:59\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1002702609387","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1178-5","volume":"51","author":"MJ Dunn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dunn MJ, Harris CM, Ennis FA et al (2019) An automated segmentation approach to calibrating infantile nystagmus waveforms. Behav Res Methods 51:2074\u20132084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-018-1178-5","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10026_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","volume":"133","author":"JV Odom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odom JV, Bach M, Brigell M et al (2016) ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials: (2016 update). Doc Ophthalmol 133:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-014-9448-8","volume":"129","author":"J Brecelj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brecelj J (2014) Visual electrophysiology in the clinical evaluation of optic neuritis, chiasmal tumours, achiasmia, and ocular albinism: an overview. Doc Ophthalmol 129:71\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-014-9448-8","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.06.003","volume":"115","author":"MB Hoffmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoffmann MB, Seufert PS, Bach M (2004) Simulated nystagmus suppresses pattern-reversal but not pattern-onset visual evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 115:2659\u20132665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.06.003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10026_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.15.30","volume":"64","author":"HE Talsma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Talsma HE, Kruijt CC, de Wit GC et al (2023) Nystagmus characteristics in albinism: unveiling the link to foveal hypoplasia and visual acuity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 64:2\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.64.15.30","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10026_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.003","volume":"125","author":"CC Kruijt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kruijt CC, de Wit GC, Bergen AA et al (2018) The phenotypic spectrum of albinism. Ophthalmology 125:1953\u20131960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10026_CR17","unstructured":"The SciPy community. scipy.optimize.curve_fit. \u00a9 Copyright 2008\u20132023, https:\/\/docs.scipy.org\/doc\/scipy\/reference\/generated\/scipy.optimize.curve_fit.html"},{"key":"10026_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2015.10.017","volume":"123","author":"M Theodorou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theodorou M, Clement R (2016) Classification of infantile nystagmus waveforms. Vision Res 123:20\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2015.10.017","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10026_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00578761","volume":"39","author":"LF Dell\u2019Osso","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Osso LF, Daroff RB (1975) Congenital nystagmus waveforms and foveation strategy. Doc Ophthalmol 39:155\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00578761","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5685","volume":"52","author":"A Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar A, Gottlob I, Mclean RJ et al (2011) Clinical and oculomotor characteristics of albinism compared to FRMD7 associated infantile nystagmus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:2306\u20132313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-5685","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10026_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(96)96123-7","volume":"104","author":"V Tumas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tumas V, Sakamoto AC (1997) Comparison of the mechanisms of latency shift in pattern reversal visual evoked potential induced by blurring and contrast reduction. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiology\u2014Evoked Potentials 104:96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-5597(96)96123-7","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiology\u2014Evoked Potentials"},{"key":"10026_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1017539308389","volume":"102","author":"I Perlman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Perlman I, Segev E, Mazawi N et al (2001) Visual evoked cortical potential can be used to differentiate between uncorrected refractive error and macular disorders. Doc Ophthalmol 102:41\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1017539308389","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10026_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(81)90232-7","volume":"21","author":"S Sokol","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sokol S, Moskowitz A (1981) Effect of retinal blur on the peak latency of the pattern evoked potential. Vision Res 21:1279\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(81)90232-7","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10026_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.12.7","volume":"11","author":"D Kordek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kordek D, Voda P, Young LK, Kremlacek J (2022) Effect of dioptric blur on pattern-reversal and motion-onset VEPs as used in clinical research. Transl Vis Sci Technol 11:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.11.12.7","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10026_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-019-01199-0","volume":"52","author":"W Rosengren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosengren W, Nystr\u00f6m M, Hammar B, Stridh M (2020) A robust method for calibration of eye tracking data recorded during nystagmus. Behav Res Methods 52:36\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-019-01199-0","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10026_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talsma H, Hoeben F, Wit de G, Genderen van M (2023) The effect of eye movements on the pattern reversal VEP. (60th Annual Symposium of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision ISCEV 2023 Kyoto). In: Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology. pp 3\u201365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-023-09928-9"},{"key":"10026_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50367-y","volume":"13","author":"MJ Dunn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dunn MJ, Carter P, Self J et al (2023) Eyetracking-enhanced VEP for nystagmus. Sci Rep 13:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-50367-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10026_CR28","unstructured":"scipy.optimize.curve_fit. In: \u00a9 Copyright 2008\u20132023, The SciPy community. https:\/\/docs.scipy.org\/doc\/scipy\/reference\/generated\/scipy.optimize.curve_fit.html"},{"key":"10026_CR29","unstructured":"scipy.signal.sawtooth. In: \u00a9 Copyright 2008\u20132023, The SciPy community. https:\/\/docs.scipy.org\/doc\/scipy\/reference\/generated\/scipy.signal.sawtooth.html"}],"container-title":["Documenta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-025-10026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10633-025-10026-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-025-10026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1754748134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10633-025-10026-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-025-10026-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-4486","1573-2622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-4486","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (name of institute\/committee) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}