{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:31:35Z","timestamp":1785148295526,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To report the early and subsequent electrophysiological findings of 2 patients following quinine overdose.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Serial assessments including: Medical history, visual acuity (VA), fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) were performed on 2 patients, between 2 and 47 days after quinine overdose.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both patients experienced a similar clinical course. After almost total vision loss within the first 24 h, VA dramatically improved by day 3. Early OCT changes demonstrated central macula hyperautofluorescence, which coincided with a hyperreflectivity of the macular inner retina on OCT. The initial ffERG findings demonstrated changes consistent with marked inner retinal dysfunction of the cone system, affecting both the cone ON- and OFF-bipolar cell pathways. In contrast, rod bipolar cell function was unaffected in the early phase of toxicity. Between days 10 and 17, the retinal arterioles showed narrowing which coincided with attenuation of ffERG parameters of rod system inner retinal function between days 10\u201340.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These cases suggest the early stages of quinine toxicity affect function of the presynaptic cone bipolar cell junction. This is then followed by retinal arteriolar attenuation and the well described electronegative scotopic ffERG.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-025-10034-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T12:27:55Z","timestamp":1750163275000},"page":"179-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early retinal electrophysiology changes in quinine overdose"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5422-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios T.","family":"Papastavrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Warriner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6284-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Grinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1667-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001610","volume":"17","author":"HN Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall HN, Tatham AJ (2017) Recovery from blindness following accidental quinine overdose. 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The local research ethics committee declared that the work fell outside of the scope of Governance Arrangements for Research Ethics Committees 2020 section 2.3.1 and so therefore did not require prior ethics approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The patients\u2019 next of kin or guardian have consented to the submission of the case report for submission to the journal.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed by the institutional research committee (Newcastle Join Research Office) and complies with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human rights"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement on the welfare of animals"}}]}}