{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:23:25Z","timestamp":1772180605979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435838478, HE 3504\/9\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435838478, HE 3504\/9\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435838478, HO 2002\/22\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435838478, HO 2002\/22\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012320","name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Quanz et al. (Sci Rep 14:16797, 2024) reported that participants with nystagmus had higher objective visual evoked potential visual acuity estimates (VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) by 0.12 logMAR relative compared to standard psychophysical VA (VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Stat<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). The cause of this modest, but significant VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      overestimation remains unclear. Here we investigated its association with the pattern-pulse stimulation mode applied for steady state VEP recording for VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      estimation. Specifically, we tested whether psychophysical visual acuity to pulsed optotypes (VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Pulsed<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) also exceeds standard optotype VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Stat<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve participants with nystagmus were included in this analysis. VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      was determined for pattern-pulse steady-state VEP stimulation (Quanz et al. in Sci Rep 14:16797, 2024) using EP2000, psychophysical VA was determined to stationary (VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Stat<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and to pulsed (VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Pulsed<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) Landolt-C optotypes employing a modified version of the Freiburg Vision Test (FrACT). Pulsed stimulus timing was identical for VEP and VA (40\u00a0ms on and 93\u00a0ms off, i.e. at 7.5\u00a0Hz). In a separate measurement, fixation stability within the central 4\u00b0 was determined using microperimetry (Nidek MP\u20101), and the eye with the stronger fixation instability was selected for the analysis (12 eyes). LogMAR differences were assessed with a paired t-test and the correlation of fixation stability and VA differences (\u0394VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Pulsed<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2013 VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Stat<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was tested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Stat<\/jats:sub>\n                      (0.43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 logMAR) and VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych_Pulsed<\/jats:sub>\n                      (0.45 \u00b1 0.06 logMAR, P = 0.15)\u00a0did not differ from each other, but from VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      (0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08 logMAR,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01, respectively). There was no correlation of \u0394VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych<\/jats:sub>\n                      with fixation instability (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.89).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pulsed stimulation appears not to be the reason for the VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      overestimation\u00a0in nystagmus. Further research should address whether differences in the spatial stimulus properties might be of relevance, as VA\n                      <jats:sub>Psych<\/jats:sub>\n                      is tested with optotypes, VA\n                      <jats:sub>VEP<\/jats:sub>\n                      with extended patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-025-10060-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T14:27:35Z","timestamp":1762266455000},"page":"85-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of pulsed stimulation on objective and subjective visual acuity measurements in nystagmus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth V.","family":"Quanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaldoon O.","family":"Al-Nosairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francie H.","family":"Stolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Kuske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven P.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10060_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-020-09780-1","volume":"142","author":"R Hamilton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamilton R, Bach M, Heinrich SP et al (2021) ISCEV extended protocol for VEP methods of estimation of visual acuity. 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