{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:26:42Z","timestamp":1786692402877,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"No funding was received for this research."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Doc Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-026-10138-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:30:43Z","timestamp":1786689043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severe visual impairment as a complication of autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3081-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Horwat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Dezor-Garus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gotz-Wi\u0119ckowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10138_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1160362","volume":"57","author":"EM Wiseman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiseman EM, Bar-El Dadon S, Reifen R (2017) The vicious cycle of vitamin A deficiency: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57:3703\u20133714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2016.1160362","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10138_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113987","volume":"13","author":"N Martin Ask","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin Ask N, Leung M, Radhakrishnan R, Lobo GP (2021) Vitamin A transporters in visual function: a mini review on membrane receptors for dietary vitamin A uptake, storage, and transport to the eye. Nutrients 13:3987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13113987","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10138_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009) Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995\u20132005: WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency. 55"},{"key":"10138_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050950","volume":"14","author":"T Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao T, Liu S, Zhang R et al (2022) Global burden of vitamin A deficiency in 204 countries and territories from 1990\u20132019. Nutrients 14:950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14050950","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10138_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1892252","volume":"25","author":"D Godfrey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Godfrey D, Stone RT, Lee M et al (2022) Triad of hypovitaminosis A, hyperostosis, and optic neuropathy in males with autism spectrum disorders. Nutr Neurosci 25:1697\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1892252","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"10138_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22846","author":"A Ifwat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ifwat A, Liew OH, Abdul Hamid H et al (2022) Xerophthalmia in picky eater children. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.22846","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10138_CR7","unstructured":"Fisberg M, Ara\u00fajo LA de, Ued F da V, et al (2025) Autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review of nutritional aspects and main interventions"},{"key":"10138_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.10.032","volume":"110","author":"SA Cermak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cermak SA, Curtin C, Bandini LG (2010) Food selectivity and sensory sensitivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Am Diet Assoc 110:238\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jada.2009.10.032","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10138_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001217","volume":"42","author":"MD Bailey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bailey MD, Mortensen PW, Raviskanthan S, Lee AG (2022) Reversible nutritional deficiency-related conjunctival xerosis and optic neuropathy secondary to an exclusively potato-based diet. J Neuroophthalmol 42:e323\u2013e325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001217","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10138_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e718","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001142","volume":"41","author":"MC Farrell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farrell MC, Weiss SJ, Goodrich C et al (2021) Food aversion leading to nutritional optic neuropathy in a child with severe vitamin A deficiency. J Neuroophthalmol 41:e718\u2013e719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001142","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10138_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809333541","volume":"24","author":"GN McAbee","year":"2009","unstructured":"McAbee GN, Prieto DM, Kirby J et al (2009) Permanent visual loss due to dietary vitamin A deficiency in an autistic adolescent. J Child Neurol 24:1288\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073809333541","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10138_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22074","author":"JASS Cheah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheah JASS, Muhammed J, Tharmathurai S et al (2022) Optic neuropathy in an autistic child with vitamin A deficiency: a case report and literature review. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.22074","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10138_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16624","volume":"60","author":"J Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi J, Caldwell J, Sheck L et al (2024) Optic neuropathy from hypovitaminosis A in a series of children with severe dietary restrictions. J Paediatr Child Health 60:516\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.16624","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10138_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","volume":"133","author":"JV Odom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odom JV, Bach M, Brigell M et al (2016) ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials: (2016 update). Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthalmol 133:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10138_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09872-0","volume":"144","author":"AG Robson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robson AG, Frishman LJ, Grigg J et al (2022) ISCEV standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2022 update). Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthalmol 144:165\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-022-09872-0","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10138_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-209413","author":"M Chiu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiu M, Watson S (2015) Xerophthalmia and vitamin A deficiency in an autistic child with a restricted diet. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-209413","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10138_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5786","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001324","volume":"24","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, Shan Y, Lin X et al (2021) Global patterns in vision loss burden due to vitamin A deficiency from 1990 to 2017. Public Health Nutr 24:5786\u20135794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980021001324","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10138_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101390","volume":"12","author":"T-K Chiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiang T-K, White KM, Kurup SK, Yu M (2022) Use of visual electrophysiology to monitor retinal and optic nerve toxicity. Biomolecules 12:1390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12101390","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10138_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09918-3","volume":"146","author":"A Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira A, Ertl-Wagner B, Tumber A et al (2023) Bilateral compressive optic neuropathy and outer retinopathy due to optic canal hyperostosis in a child with isolated vitamin A deficiency. Doc Ophthalmol 146:173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-022-09918-3","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10138_CR20","volume-title":"Taylor and Hoyt\u2019s pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus","author":"SR Lambert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lambert SR, Lyons CJ (2016) Taylor and Hoyt\u2019s pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus, 5th edn. Elsevier","edition":"5"},{"key":"10138_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2024.102234","volume":"37","author":"RW Teng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Teng RW, Heidary G, Gise RA (2025) Selective diet induced nutritional optic neuropathy in developmentally normal children. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 37:102234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoc.2024.102234","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"10138_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/ccmbm\/2015.12.1.075","author":"M Zayed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zayed M (2015) Unilateral compressive optic neuropathy due to skull hyperostosis secondary to nutritional vitamin A deficiency. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11138\/ccmbm\/2015.12.1.075","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"10138_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09914-7","volume":"146","author":"EK O\u2019Neill","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill EK, Mankad K, Bowman R, Thompson DA (2023) Electrophysiological assessment of nutritional optic neuropathy: a case report. Doc Ophthalmol 146:181\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-022-09914-7","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Documenta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-026-10138-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10633-026-10138-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10633-026-10138-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:30:45Z","timestamp":1786689045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10633-026-10138-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-026-10138-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-4486","1573-2622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-4486","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent for using the patient\u2019s photos and submission of the case report to the journal was obtained from a legal guardian.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}