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Hoffmann-La Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Peloton, Pfizer, Prometheus Labs, Corvus, Calithera, Analysis Group, Sanofi\/Aventis, and Takeda. TKC also reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Alexion, Sanofi\/Aventis, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb\/ER Squibb and sons LLC, Cerulean, Eisai, Foundation Medicine Inc., Exelixis, Genentech, Roche, Roche Products Limited, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Peloton, Pfizer, EMD Serono, Prometheus Labs, Corvus, Ipsen, Up-to-Date, NCCN, Analysis Group, NCCN, Michael J. Hennessy (MJH) Associates, Inc (Healthcare Communications Company with several brands such as OnClive, PeerView and PER), Research to Practice, L-path, Kidney Cancer Journal, Clinical Care Options, Platform Q, Navinata Healthcare, Harborside Press, American Society of Medical Oncology, NEJM, Lancet Oncology, Heron Therapeutics, and Lilly. TKC has played consulting or advisory roles with AstraZeneca, Alexion, Sanofi\/Aventis, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb\/ER Squibb and sons LLC, Cerulean, Eisai, Foundation Medicine Inc., Exelixis, Genentech, Heron Therapeutics, Lilly, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Peloton, Pfizer, EMD Serono, Prometheus Labs, Corvus, Ipsen, Up-to-Date, NCCN, Analysis Group, Pionyr, and Tempest. TKC reports stock ownership in Pionyr and Tempest. TKC reports the following patents, royalties or other intellectual properties related to biomarkers of checkpoint blockers: International Patent Application No. PCT\/US2018\/12209, entitled \u201cPBRM1 Biomarkers Predictive of Anti-Immune Checkpoint Response,\u201d filed January 3, 2018, claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62\/445,094, filed January 11, 2017; International Patent Application No. PCT\/US2018\/058430, entitled \u201cBiomarkers of Clinical Response and Benefit to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy,\u201d filed October 31, 2018, claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62\/581,175, filed November 3, 2017. TKC reports travel, accommodations, and expenses in relation to consulting, advisory roles, or honoraria. Medical writing and editorial assistance support may have been supported by communications companies funded by pharmaceutical companies (ClinicalThinking, Envision Pharma Group, Fishawack Group of Companies, Health Interactions, Parexel, Oxford PharmaGenesis, and others). The institution (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) may have received additional independent funding from drug companies or\/and royalties potentially involved in research around the subject matter. Finally, TKC has mentored several non-US citizens on research projects with potential funding (in part) from non-US sources\/Foreign Components.MBA reports grants and personal fees from BMS, Merck, and Roche to the institution; a grant from X4 Pharmaceuticals; consulting fees from Exelixis, Pfizer, Array, and Immunocore; and Advisory Board fees from Eisai, Arrowhead, Pyxis Pharma, Werewolf, Novartis, Leads, and Aveo.TLR reports no conflicts of interest.RSA reports Advisory Board membership for Eisai and Bayer.YJ and LG were X4 Pharmaceuticals employees during the research described herein.YW and SP were X4 Pharmaceuticals employees and stock owners during the research described herein.KN reports being an X4 Pharmaceuticals employee at time of the research and still owns X4 stock.DFM reports consulting fees from BMS, Pfizer, Merck, Alkermes, Inc., EMD Serono, Eli Lilly & Company, and research support from BMS, Merck., Genentech, Pfizer, Exelixis, Novartis, X4 Pharma, Alkermes, Inc., outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All patients provided signed informed consent. The protocol was approved by each site\u2019s Institutional Review Board or, and the study was conducted according to local and federal regulations and the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All study participants provided written informed consent.\u00a0","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}