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Hierarchical cluster analysis showed six major clusters in dendrogram. The sensitive and resistant cell lines were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.65\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>) distributed. The binding motifs of NF-\u03baB (Rel) and of GATA1 proteins were significantly enriched in regions of 25\u00a0kb upstream promoter of all genes. IPA showed the networks, biological functions, and canonical pathways influencing the activity of triptolide towards tumor cells. Interestingly, upstream analysis for the 40 genes identified by compare analysis revealed ZFPM1 (friend of GATA protein 1) as top transcription regulator. However, we did not observe any effect of triptolide to the binding of GATA1 in vitro. We confirmed that triptolide inhibited NF-\u03baB activity, and it strongly bound to the pharmacophores of I\u03baB kinase \u03b2 and NF-\u03baB in silico.\u00a0<jats:italic>Conclusion\u00a0<\/jats:italic>Triptolide showed promising inhibitory effect toward NF-\u03baB, making it a potential candidate for targeting NF-\u03baB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-021-01137-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T08:02:59Z","timestamp":1625212979000},"page":"1523-1537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Network pharmacology of triptolide in cancer cells: implications for transcription factor binding"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ean-Jeong","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika K.","family":"Hult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Efferth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"1137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7194","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00775a078","volume":"94","author":"SM Kupchan","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kupchan SM et al (1972) Triptolide and tripdiolide, novel antileukemic diterpenoid triepoxides from Tripterygium wilfordii. 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