{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:04:27Z","timestamp":1774868667648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF-2025-465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2025-465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF-2025-465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2025-465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-025-03017-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T06:19:17Z","timestamp":1771395557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-exposure of polyethylene terephthalate micro- and nanoplastics with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances triggers immune dysregulation, apoptotic activation, and neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Santhanam Sanjai","family":"Dharshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Madesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreya Madhankumar","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajakrishnan","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alfarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Choon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesu","family":"Arockiaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1408-6","volume":"4","author":"SA Adefegha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adefegha SA, Omojokun OS, Oboh G (2015) Modulatory effect of Protocatechuic acid on cadmium induced nephrotoxicity and hepatoxicity in rats in vivo. Springerplus 4:619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40064-015-1408-6","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"3017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00434","volume":"8","author":"L Albert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albert L, Nagpal J, Steinchen W et al (2022) Bistable photoswitch allows in vivo control of hematopoiesis. ACS Cent Sci 8:57\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00434","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"3017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bashirova N, Poppitz D, Kl\u00fcver N et al (2023) A mechanistic Understanding of the effects of polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Sci Rep 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-28712-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28712-y"},{"key":"3017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bonan CD, Siebel AM (2022) Editorial: zebrafish as a model for Pharmacological and toxicological research. Front Pharmacol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.976970","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.976970"},{"key":"3017_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126665","volume":"253","author":"T Carneiro Brand\u00e3o Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carneiro Brand\u00e3o Pereira T, Batista dos Santos K, Lautert-Dutra W et al (2020) Acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment by neutralization: evaluation of physical-chemical performance and ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. Chemosphere 253:126665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126665","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3017_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061238","volume":"14","author":"C Cella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cella C, La Spina R, Mehn D et al (2022) Detecting Micro- and nanoplastics released from food packaging: challenges and analytical strategies. Polym (Basel) 14:1238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14061238","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"3017_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/02757540902918321","volume":"25","author":"C Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen C, Lu Y, Zhang X et al (2009) A review of Spatial and Temporal assessment of PFOS and PFOA contamination in China. Chem Ecol 25:163\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02757540902918321","journal-title":"Chem Ecol"},{"key":"3017_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8665","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c02755","volume":"58","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, Gu Y, Tan S et al (2024) Photoaged nanopolystyrene affects neurotransmission to induce transgenerational neurotoxicity in caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Sci Technol 58:8665\u20138674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c02755","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"3017_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117025","volume":"281","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Mai L, Lu X et al (2021) Occurrence and abundance of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on microplastics (MPs) in Pearl river estuary (PRE) region: Spatial and Temporal variations. Environ Pollut 281:117025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117025","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"3017_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135846","volume":"480","author":"H Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng H, Zou Y, Lu B et al (2024) Immunotoxic response of bio-based plastic on early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio): A safe alternative to petroleum-based plastics? J Hazard Mater 480:135846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135846","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020470","volume":"12","author":"AS Correia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Correia AS, Cardoso A, Vale N (2023) Oxidative stress in depression: the link with the stress Response, Neuroinflammation, Serotonin, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Antioxidants 12:470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12020470","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"3017_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.108206","volume":"679","author":"MS de Moraes","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Moraes MS, Guerreiro G, Sitta A et al (2020) Oxidative damage in mitochondrial fatty acids oxidation disorders patients and the in vitro effect of l-carnitine on DNA damage induced by the accumulated metabolites. Arch Biochem Biophys 679:108206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2019.108206","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"3017_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100497","volume":"33","author":"L de Souza Teodoro","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Souza Teodoro L, Jablonski CA, Pelegrini K et al (2024a) Toxic effects of environmental-relevant exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro and nanoparticles in zebrafish early development. NanoImpact 33:100497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100497","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"3017_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100497","volume":"33","author":"L de Souza Teodoro","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Souza Teodoro L, Jablonski CA, Pelegrini K et al (2024b) Toxic effects of environmental-relevant exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro and nanoparticles in zebrafish early development. NanoImpact 33:100497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100497","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"3017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2666","author":"SS Dharshan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dharshan SS, Ramamurthy K, Kaliraj S et al (2024) Combined effects of vitamin D3 and Dioxopiperidinamide derivative on lipid homeostasis, inflammatory pathways, and redox imbalance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vivo zebrafish model. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bab.2666","journal-title":"Biotechnol Appl Biochem"},{"key":"3017_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","volume":"7","author":"GL Ellman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM (1961) A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 7:88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"3017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132103","volume":"459","author":"CE Enyoh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Enyoh CE, Ovuoraye PE, Qingyue W, Wang W (2023) Examining the impact of nanoplastics and PFAS exposure on immune functions through Inhibition of secretory immunoglobin A in human breast milk. J Hazard Mater 459:132103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132103","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR18","unstructured":"Europe P Plastics the Fast Facts 2025. In: Plast., Eur (2025) https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=The+annual+global+PET+plastic+production+plastics+europe+2025&sca_esv=c4f930c117b1d5e6&sxsrf=AE3TifN5wws_l-Ccv1-N7SEoZy6gTBJRdQ%3A1762602267210&ei=Gy0PaarLDNyaseMP5dyEMA&ved=0ahUKEwjqxJGQveKQAxVcTWwGHWUuAQYQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&o"},{"key":"3017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2013.0934","volume":"11","author":"P Fuentes-Appelgren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fuentes-Appelgren P, Opazo R, Barros L et al (2014) Effect of the dietary inclusion of soybean components on the innate immune system in zebrafish. Zebrafish 11:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/zeb.2013.0934","journal-title":"Zebrafish"},{"key":"3017_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.10.086","volume":"482","author":"MM Gaschler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR (2017) Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 482:419\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.10.086","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3017_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2017.0080","volume":"47","author":"G Gu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu G, Na Y, Chung H et al (2017) Zebrafish larvae model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by terfenadine. Korean Circ J 47:960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4070\/kcj.2017.0080","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"3017_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175605","volume":"945","author":"B Haridevamuthu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haridevamuthu B, Seenivasan B, Priya PS et al (2023) Hepatoprotective effect of dihydroxy Piperlongumine in high cholesterol-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease zebrafish via antioxidant activity. Eur J Pharmacol 945:175605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175605","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3017_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132524","volume":"461","author":"B Haridevamuthu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haridevamuthu B, Murugan R, Seenivasan B et al (2024) Synthetic azo-dye, tartrazine induces neurodevelopmental toxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. J Hazard Mater 461:132524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132524","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010092","volume":"19","author":"D Hirayama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirayama D, Iida T, Nakase H (2017) The phagocytic function of Macrophage-Enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 19:92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19010092","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3017_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173012","volume":"933","author":"W Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang W, Mo J, Li J, Wu K (2024) Exploring developmental toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPS): insights from investigations using zebrafish embryos. Sci Total Environ 933:173012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173012","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137488","volume":"488","author":"P Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang P, Cao L, Du J et al (2025) Polystyrene nanoplastics amplify the toxic effects of PFOA on the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). J Hazard Mater 488:137488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137488","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9782","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c01942","volume":"57","author":"KA Hussain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hussain KA, Romanova S, Okur I et al (2023) Assessing the release of microplastics and nanoplastics from plastic containers and reusable food pouches: implications for human health. Environ Sci Technol 57:9782\u20139792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c01942","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"3017_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154907","volume":"831","author":"LC Jenner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jenner LC, Rotchell JM, Bennett RT et al (2022) Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using \u00b5FTIR spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ 831:154907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154907","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170948","volume":"920","author":"M Jian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jian M, Chen X, Liu S et al (2024) Combined exposure with microplastics increases the toxic effects of PFOS and its alternative F-53B in adult zebrafish. Sci Total Environ 920:170948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170948","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NA00888E","volume":"3","author":"LM Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson LM, Mecham JB, Krovi SA et al (2021) Fabrication of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticles with fluorescent tracers for studies in mammalian cells. Nanoscale Adv 3:339\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0NA00888E","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv"},{"key":"3017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2012.0861","volume":"10","author":"AV Kalueff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalueff AV, Gebhardt M, Stewart AM et al (2013) Towards a comprehensive catalog of zebrafish behavior 1.0 and beyond. Zebrafish 10:70\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/zeb.2012.0861","journal-title":"Zebrafish"},{"key":"3017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137232","volume":"717","author":"D Kankanige","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kankanige D, Babel S (2020) Smaller-sized micro-plastics (MPs) contamination in single-use PET-bottled water in Thailand. Sci Total Environ 717:137232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137232","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-024-00881-1","volume":"36","author":"GV Koulini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koulini GV, Nambi IM (2024) Occurrence of forever chemicals in Chennai waters, India. Environ Sci Eur 36:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12302-024-00881-1","journal-title":"Environ Sci Eur"},{"key":"3017_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","volume":"163","author":"HA Leslie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leslie HA, van Velzen MJM, Brandsma SH et al (2022) Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ Int 163:107199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"3017_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5965","volume":"38","author":"H Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin H, Zhou Z, Zhong W et al (2017) Naringenin inhibits alcoholic injury by improving lipid metabolism and reducing apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. Oncol Rep 38:2877\u20132884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/or.2017.5965","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"3017_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129550","volume":"438","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Liu B, Zhang B et al (2022) Polystyrene micro(nano)plastics damage the organelles of RBL-2H3 cells and promote MOAP-1 to induce apoptosis. J Hazard Mater 438:129550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129550","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173253","volume":"934","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Zeng M, Zhan C et al (2024) Polystyrene nanoplastics exert cardiotoxicity through the Notch and Wnt pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Sci Total Environ 934:173253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173253","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i53","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxac087.130","volume":"67","author":"T Loret","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loret T, Holme S, Kuttykattil A et al (2023) 61 evaluation of the Toxicity, alveolar cell accumulation and clearance of PET and PS nanoplastics in mouse lungs. Ann Work Expo Heal 67:i53\u2013i54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxac087.130","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Heal"},{"key":"3017_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","volume":"47","author":"S Marklund","year":"1974","unstructured":"Marklund S, Marklund G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47:469\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"3017_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murugan R, Rajesh R, Guru A et al (2022) Deacetylepoxyazadiradione derived from epoxyazadiradione of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) fruits mitigates LPS-Induced oxidative stress and inflammation in zebrafish larvae. Chem Biodivers 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202200041","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200041"},{"key":"3017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108864","volume":"190","author":"PC Obiako","year":"2024","unstructured":"Obiako PC, Ayisire SO, Sayes CM (2024) Impact of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) on oxidative stress and metabolic biomarkers in human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y). Environ Int 190:108864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108864","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"3017_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.36547\/ae.2023.5.3.75-82","volume":"5","author":"I Ogbuewu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ogbuewu I, Nnaji JC (2023) Human health impacts of perfluoroalkyl Substances, Micro- and nanoplastics contamination of drinking water. Arch Ecotoxicol 5:75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36547\/ae.2023.5.3.75-82","journal-title":"Arch Ecotoxicol"},{"key":"3017_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124094","volume":"351","author":"MJL Oger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oger MJL, Vermeulen O, Lambert J et al (2024) Down to size: exploring the influence of plastic particle dimensions on physiological and nervous responses in early-stage zebrafish. Environ Pollut 351:124094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124094","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"3017_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"3017_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.20517\/wecn.2023.25","volume":"3","author":"N Parashar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parashar N, Mahanty B, Hait S (2023) Microplastics as carriers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environment: interactions and ecotoxicological effects. Water Emerg Contam Nanoplastics 3:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/wecn.2023.25","journal-title":"Water Emerg Contam Nanoplastics"},{"key":"3017_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174737","volume":"948","author":"J Pei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pei J, Chen S, Li L et al (2024) Impact of polystyrene nanoplastics on apoptosis and inflammation in zebrafish larvae: insights from reactive oxygen species perspective. Sci Total Environ 948:174737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174737","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121628","volume":"329","author":"O Pencik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pencik O, Molnarova K, Durdakova M et al (2023) Not so dangerous? PET microplastics toxicity on freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria. Environ Pollut 329:121628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121628","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"3017_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160968","volume":"864","author":"PS Priya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Priya PS, Guru A, Meenatchi R et al (2023) Syringol, a wildfire residual methoxyphenol causes cytotoxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish model. Sci Total Environ 864:160968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160968","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.9.49","volume":"9","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ryter SW, Kim HP, Hoetzel A et al (2007) Mechanisms of cell death in oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 9:49\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2007.9.49","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"3017_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22760","volume":"34","author":"A Salimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salimi A, Nikoosiar Jahromi M, Pourahmad J (2019) Maternal exposure causes mitochondrial dysfunction in brain, liver, and heart of mouse fetus: an explanation for perfluorooctanoic acid induced abortion and developmental toxicity. Environ Toxicol 34:878\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.22760","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"3017_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9410289","volume":"102","author":"JM Samet","year":"1994","unstructured":"Samet JM, Cheng PW (1994) The role of airway mucus in pulmonary toxicology. Environ Health Perspect 102:89\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.9410289","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"3017_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-024-13292-9","volume":"196","author":"SD Santhanam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santhanam SD, Ramamurthy K, Priya PS et al (2024) A combinational threat of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) as potential emerging vectors for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to human health. Environ Monit Assess 196:1182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-024-13292-9","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"3017_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9050106","volume":"9","author":"JW Scott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scott JW, Gunderson KG, Green LA et al (2021) Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) associated with microplastics in a lake environment. Toxics 9:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics9050106","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"3017_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125401","volume":"414","author":"CJM Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva CJM, Beleza S, Campos D et al (2021) Immune response triggered by the ingestion of polyethylene microplastics in the dipteran larvae Chironomus Riparius. J Hazard Mater 414:125401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125401","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081583","volume":"24","author":"A Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh A, Kukreti R, Saso L, Kukreti S (2019) Oxidative stress: A key modulator in neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules 24:1583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24081583","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3017_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171706","volume":"924","author":"G Sudhakaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sudhakaran G, Priya PS, Haridevamuthu B et al (2024) Mechanistic interplay of dual environmental stressors: Bisphenol-A and cadmium-induced ovarian follicular damage and hepatocyte dysfunction in vivo. Sci Total Environ 924:171706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171706","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3017_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129593","volume":"439","author":"A Villacorta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Villacorta A, Rubio L, Alaraby M et al (2022) A new source of representative secondary PET nanoplastics. Obtention, characterization, and hazard evaluation. J Hazard Mater 439:129593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129593","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123415","volume":"401","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang L, Wu W-M, Bolan NS et al (2021) Environmental fate, toxicity and risk management strategies of nanoplastics in the environment: current status and future perspectives. J Hazard Mater 401:123415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123415","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11070550","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang Z, Lu X et al (2023) Simulation and characterization of nanoplastic dissolution under different food consumption scenarios. Toxics 11:550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11070550","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"3017_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115598","volume":"25","author":"M Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei M, Yu Q, Li E et al (2024) Ace deficiency induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 25:5598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25115598","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3017_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2023.100481","volume":"32","author":"Z Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Z, DeLoid GM, Zarbl H et al (2023) Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and their potential toxicological outcomes: state of science, knowledge gaps and research needs. NanoImpact 32:100481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.impact.2023.100481","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"3017_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127888","volume":"427","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu J, Cheng W, Jia M et al (2022) Toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid on zebrafish early embryonic development determined by single-cell RNA sequencing. J Hazard Mater 427:127888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127888","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"3017_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115564","volume":"173","author":"K Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu K, Jia H, Sun Y et al (2020) Long-term phototransformation of microplastics under simulated sunlight irradiation in aquatic environments: roles of reactive oxygen species. Water Res 173:115564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115564","journal-title":"Water Res"}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10646-025-03017-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10646-025-03017-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10646-025-03017-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1774865712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10646-025-03017-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-025-03017-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-9292","1573-3017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0963-9292","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process during the writing of this manuscript, the authors used QuillBot and Grammarly to improve its readability and grammar. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the publication of the content.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted as per the approval of the Institute Animal Ethical Committee (No. IAEC\/343\/2024) following the guidelines set by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) for Fish Experimentation (2021).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal ethical clearance"}},{"value":"All of the authors give their consent for publication of the identifiable details of the text.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"42"}}