{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T19:07:49Z","timestamp":1788894469815,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-01"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD1400800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1400800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-026-03039-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T06:20:19Z","timestamp":1771395619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of acute toxicity and enzyme activity of commonly used pesticides in rice fields to Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus javanus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Leyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xusong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3039_CR1","first-page":"77","volume":"23","author":"SA Al-shami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-shami SA, Rawi CSM, Ahmad AH, Nor SAM (2012) Redescription of Chironomus Javanus and Chironomus Kiiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae and adults collected from a rice field in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 23(1):77\u201386","journal-title":"Trop Life Sci Res"},{"key":"3039_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10333-016-0555-x","volume":"15","author":"A Alighardashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alighardashi A, Jalali S, Bokaei MN, Asei H (2017) Risk assessment of pesticides in paddy fields and the Saf\u012bdr\u016bd river in G\u012bl\u0101n, Iran. Paddy Water Environ 15:371\u2013380","journal-title":"Paddy Water Environ"},{"key":"3039_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.03.113","volume":"154","author":"SH Bai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai SH, Ogbourne S (2016) Eco-toxicological effects of the avermectin family with a focus on abamectin and Ivermectin. Chemosphere 154:204\u2013214","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3039_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114860","volume":"256","author":"T Cang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cang T, Wu CX, Chen C, Liu CX, Song W, Yu YJ, Wang YH (2023) Impacts of co-exposure to Zearalenone and trifloxystrobin on the enzymatic activity and gene expression in zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 256:114860","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"3039_CR6","first-page":"1440","volume":"50","author":"YQ Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen YQ, Xiang X, Gong CW, Wang XG (2017) Effects of sublethal doses of Chlorantraniliprole on the detoxification enzymes activities and the growth and reproduction of Spodoptera Exigua. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 50(8):1440\u20131451","journal-title":"Scientia Agricultura Sinica"},{"key":"3039_CR7","unstructured":"Dong LY, Gao Y, Fang JP, Chen GQ (2018) Research progress on the herbicide-resistance of weeds in rich fields in China. Plant Protection, 2018, 44(5), 69\u201376"},{"issue":"5","key":"3039_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.02.005","volume":"72","author":"MM Ellen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ellen MM, Urs F, Norbert C, Tilghman HA, Klecka GM, Stephen SD, Charles AS, Lisa SO, Steven GH (2009) Acute and chronic toxicity testing of bisphenol A with aquatic invertebrates and plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72(5):1392\u20131399","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"15","key":"3039_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115353","volume":"263","author":"C Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan C, Cui Z, Yang T, Sun L, Cao C (2023) UDP-glucuronosyltransferase is involved in susceptibility of Chironomus Kiiensis Tokunaga, 1936 (Diptera: Chironomidae) to insecticides. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 263(15):115353","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"17","key":"3039_CR10","first-page":"4914","volume":"31","author":"GF Fang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fang GF (2011) Toxicity of three pesticides and their effects on carboxylesterase activity of Propsilocerus Akamusi. Acta Ecol Sin 31(17):4914\u20134918","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"issue":"12","key":"3039_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12123026","volume":"12","author":"HT Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao HT, Zheng HW, Zhang P, Yu JX, Li J, Dong LY (2022) Weed control, rice safety, and mechanism of the novel paddy field herbicide Glyamifop. Agronomy 12(12):3026","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"6","key":"3039_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15774","volume":"24","author":"VM Ghodke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghodke VM, Punekar NS (2022) Environmental role of aromatic carboxylesterases. Environ Microbiol 24(6):2657\u20132668","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3039_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124187","volume":"405","author":"W Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang W, Song B, Liang J, Niu QY, Zeng GM, Shen MC, Deng JQ, Luo Y, Wen XF, Zhang YF (2021) J Hazard Mater 405:124187","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"3039_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(02)00119-7","volume":"54","author":"RV Hyne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hyne RV, Maher WA (2003) Invertebrate biomarkers: links to toxicosis that predict population decline. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 54(3):366\u2013374","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"3039_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.21.173","volume":"21","author":"T Imai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Imai T (2006) Human carboxylesterase isozymes: catalytic properties and rational drug design. Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinet 21:173\u2013185","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"11","key":"3039_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.297","volume":"29","author":"B Jason","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jason B, Mcmurry S, Smith L, Reilley P (2010) Acute toxicity of fungicide formulations to amphibians at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 29(11):2477\u20132480","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"3039_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.12.094","volume":"68","author":"J Jensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jensen J, Diao XP, Scott-fordsmand JJ (2007) Sub-lethal toxicity of the antiparasitic abamectin on earthworms and the application of neutral red retention time as a biomarker. Chemosphere 68(4):744\u2013750","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"11","key":"3039_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.02.026","volume":"87","author":"CM Junges","year":"2012","unstructured":"Junges CM, Peltzer PM, Lajmanovich RC, Attademo AM, Zenklusen MCC, Basso.A (2012) Toxicity of the fungicide trifloxystrobin on tadpoles and its effect on fish-tadpole interaction. Chemosphere 87(11):1348\u20131354","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"3039_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jglr.2019.11.007","volume":"46","author":"T Leak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leak T, Aufderheide J, Bergfield A, Hubert TD (2020) Acute toxicity of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide: effects on a vascular plant and a chironomid species. J Great Lakes Res 46(1):180\u2013187","journal-title":"J Great Lakes Res"},{"issue":"s1","key":"3039_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"77","author":"V Lencioni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lencioni V, Cranston PS, Makarchenko EA (2018) Recent advances in the study of chironomidae: an overview. J Limnol 77(s1):1\u20136","journal-title":"J Limnol"},{"key":"3039_CR21","volume-title":"Polo-plus, a user\u2019s guide to probit or logic analysis","author":"LeOra software","year":"1997","unstructured":"LeOra software (1997) Polo-plus, a user\u2019s guide to probit or logic analysis. LeOra Software, Berkeley, CA"},{"issue":"12","key":"3039_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13121164","volume":"13","author":"SY Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li SY, Zhao YM, Guo BX, Li CH, Sun BJ, Lin XL (2022) Comparative analysis of mitogenomes of Chironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Insects 13(12):1164","journal-title":"Insects"},{"issue":"5","key":"3039_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8957","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8957","volume":"12","author":"XL Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin XL, Liu Z, Yan LP, Duan X, Bu WJ, Wang XH, Zheng CG (2022) Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of boreheptagyiini and diamesini (Diptera: chironomidae: Diamesinae). Ecol Evol 12(5):e8957","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"3039_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114658","volume":"253","author":"YH Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu YH, Zheng XS, He XC, Guo JW, Fu QM, Xu HX, Lu ZX (2023) Sublethal effects of Chlorantraniliprole on growth, biochemical and molecular parameters in two chironomids, Chironomus Kiiensis and Chironomus Javanus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 253:114658","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"3039_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19571-0","volume":"12","author":"O Macar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macar O, Macar TK, Yal\u00e7\u0131n E, \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu K (2022) Acute multiple toxic effects of trifloxystrobin fungicide on allium Cepa L. Sci Rep 12:15216","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3039_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.08.047","volume":"86","author":"A Novelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Novelli A, Vieira BH, Cordeiro D, Cappelini LTD, Vieira EM, Esp\u00edndola ELG (2012) Lethal effects of abamectin on the aquatic organisms Daphnia similis, Chironomus Xanthus and Danio rerio. Chemosphere 86(1):36\u201340","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3039_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2023.105522","volume":"194","author":"ZJ Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren ZJ, Cai TW, Wan Y, Zeng QH, Li CY, Zhang JJ, Ma KS, He S, Li JH, Wan H (2023) Unintended consequences: disrupting microbial communities of Nilaparvata lugens with non-target pesticides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 194:105522","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"3039_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-021-02516-0","volume":"31","author":"CM Shaha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaha CM, Pandit RS (2022) Bio-based versus synthetic: comparative study of plasticizers mediated stress on Chironomus circumdatus (Diptera-Chironomidae). Ecotoxicology 31:385\u2013395","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"11","key":"3039_CR29","first-page":"4888","volume":"43","author":"TY Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi TY, Hong HZ, Wang MH, Tan QG, Shi DL (2022) Toxicity testing organisms for marine ecotoxicological research in China. Environ Sci 43(11):4888\u20134904","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3039_CR30","first-page":"1355","volume":"36","author":"A Somparn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Somparn A, Iwai CB, Noller B (2015) Potential use of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and Metallothionein for assessment of contaminated sediment in tropical chironomid, Chironomus Javanus. J Environ Biol 36(6):1355\u20131359","journal-title":"J Environ Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3039_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e01090","volume":"4","author":"R Soni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soni R, Verma SK (2018) Acute toxicity and behavioral responses in Clarias Batrachus (Linnaeus) exposed to herbicide pretilachlor. Heliyon. 4(12), e01090","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"8","key":"3039_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71949","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71949","volume":"15","author":"T Strauss","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strauss T, Gerhard J, Gerth D, Koch J, Ottermanns R, Vaugeois M, Galic N (2025) What is regulating chironomid populations? The influence of food supply and interference competition on development and mortality in Chironomus Riparius. Ecol Evol 15(8), e71949","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3039_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031112","volume":"18","author":"M Tudi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tudi M, Ruan HD, Wang L, Lyu J, Sadler R, Connell D, Chu C, Phung DT (2021) Agriculture development, pesticide application and its impact on the environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(3):1112","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3039_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2017.10.017","volume":"104","author":"S Uppala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uppala S, Zhou XG (2018) Field efficacy of fungicides for management of sheath blight and narrow brown leaf spot of rice. Crop Prot 104:72\u201377","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"issue":"18","key":"3039_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14361","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814361","volume":"24","author":"X Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang X, Liu SH, Li HJ, Danso Ofori A, Yi X, Zheng A (2023) Defense strategies of rice in response to the attack of the herbivorous insect, Chilo suppressalis. Int J Mol Sci 24(18):14361","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3039_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.01.007","volume":"42","author":"ZY Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu ZY, Xu XM, Wang YJ, Liu LL, Li Y, Yang YY, Liu L, Zou LF, Chen GY (2022) A varied AvrXa23-like Tale enables the bacterial blight pathogen to avoid being trapped by Xa23 resistance gene in rice. J Adv Res 42:263\u2013272","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3039_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-006-9238-1","volume":"33","author":"RS Zeng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zeng RS, Wen ZM, Niu GD, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR (2007) Allelochemical induction of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and amelioration of xenobiotic toxicity in Helicoverpa Zea. J Chem Ecol 33(3):449\u2013461","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"3039_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li W, Zhou WW, Jia HR, Liu L, Li BT, Han Y, Qi S (2020) Dissipation dynamics and dietary risk assessment of pyraclonil residues in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Microchemical Journal, 2020, 152: 104440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.104440"},{"issue":"19","key":"3039_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192659","volume":"11","author":"JP Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang JP, Duan GF, Yang S, Yu LQ, Lu YL, Tang W, Yang YJ (2022) Improved bioherbicidal efficacy of Bipolaris Eleusines through herbicide addition on weed control in paddy rice. Plants 11(19):2659","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"3039_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-024-00683-2","volume":"17","author":"XY Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao XY, Xu HX, Yang YJ, Sun TY, Ullah F, Zhu PY, Lu YH, Huang JL, Wang ZL, Lu ZX, Guo JW (2024) Defense responses of different rice varieties affect growth performance and food utilization of Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis larvae. Rice 17:9","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"3039_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2024.105999","volume":"203","author":"XS Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng XS, Li Q, Ullah F, Lu ZX, Mo WJ, Guo JW, Liu XW, Xu HX (2024) Abamectin exposure causes chronic toxicity and trypsin\/chymotrypsin damages in Chironomus Kiiensis Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae). Pestic Biochem Physiol 203:105999","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10646-026-03039-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10646-026-03039-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10646-026-03039-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:16:14Z","timestamp":1774865774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10646-026-03039-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-026-03039-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-9292","1573-3017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0963-9292","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}