{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:59:18Z","timestamp":1791554358811,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Geochem Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-01135-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T14:02:37Z","timestamp":1635256957000},"page":"3821-3835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Salinization of groundwater during 20\u00a0years of agricultural irrigation, Luxor, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9340-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman A.","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Elnazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1135_CR1","unstructured":"Abd El Raheem, S. M. (2019). Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of Nile sediments and their impacts on water quality in the Quaternary aquifer, Sohag area. Sohag University, Egypt."},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2020.03.001","volume":"46","author":"RG Abd Ellah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abd Ellah, R. G. (2020). Water resources in Egypt and their challenges, Lake Nasser case study. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 46(1), 1\u201312.","journal-title":"The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR3","first-page":"63","volume":"14","author":"A Abdel Latif","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abdel Latif, A., & El Kashouty, M. (2010). Groundwater investigation in Awlad Salameh, Southern Sohag. Upper Egypt. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 14(1), 63\u201375.","journal-title":"Upper Egypt. Earth Sciences Research Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"1135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.2016.157","volume":"47","author":"H Abd-Elhamid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abd-Elhamid, H., Javadi, A., Abdelaty, I., & Sherif, M. (2016). Simulation of seawater intrusion in the Nile Delta aquifer under the conditions of climate change. Hydrology Research, 47(6), 1198\u20131210.","journal-title":"Hydrology Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.21608\/ejchem.2016.1085","volume":"59","author":"HI Abdel-Shafy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdel-Shafy, H. I., & Kamel, A. H. (2016). Groundwater in Egypt issue: Resources, location, amount, contamination, protection, renewal, future overview. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 59(3), 321\u2013362.","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1135_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3390\/w10020143","volume":"10","author":"N Alfarrah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alfarrah, N., & Walraevens, K. (2018). Groundwater overexploitation and seawater intrusion in coastal areas of arid and semi-arid regions. Water, 10(2), 143.","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"1135_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appelo, C. A. J., & Postma, D. (2005). Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution (2nd ed.). Balkema.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439833544"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00126083","volume":"17","author":"MA Awad","year":"1995","unstructured":"Awad, M. A., Nada, A. A., Hamza, M. S., & Froehlich, K. (1995). Chemical and isotopic investigation of groundwater in Tahta region, Sohag-Egypt. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 17(3), 147\u2013153.","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-009-0520-5","volume":"18","author":"E Bocanegra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bocanegra, E., Da Silva, G. C., Custodio, E., Manzano, M., & Montenegro, S. (2010). State of knowledge of coastal aquifer management in South America. Hydrogeology Journal, 18(1), 261\u2013267.","journal-title":"Hydrogeology Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157-014-0534-1","volume":"34","author":"H Calderon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calderon, H., Weeda, R., & Uhlenbrook, S. (2014). Hydrological and geomorphological controls on the water balance components of a mangrove forest during the dry season in the Pacific Coast of Nicaragua. Wetlands, 34(4), 685\u2013697.","journal-title":"Wetlands"},{"key":"1135_CR11","unstructured":"CAPMAS. (2020). Water Balance For Egypt (15\/16 - 18\/2019). Egypt in Figures. https:\/\/www.capmas.gov.eg\/Pages\/Publications.aspx?page_id=5104&Year=23608"},{"key":"1135_CR12","unstructured":"EGSM (Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authorities). (1981). The geological map of Egypt. Scale 1: 2000000. Ministry of industry and mineral resources, 1."},{"issue":"2","key":"1135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12303-018-0039-7","volume":"23","author":"M El Alfy","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Alfy, M., Abdalla, F., Moubark, K., & Alharbi, T. (2019). Hydrochemical equilibrium and statistical approaches as effective tools for identifying groundwater evolution and pollution sources in arid areas. Geosciences Journal, 23(2), 299\u2013314.","journal-title":"Geosciences Journal"},{"key":"1135_CR14","unstructured":"El-Gohary, E. F. (2011). Integration of Wastewater in the Water Resources of Egypt: Opportunities and Constrains. on Water, Energy and Environment 2011, 179."},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-012-1525-2","volume":"67","author":"M Elwaseif","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elwaseif, M., Ismail, A., Abdalla, M., Abdel-Rahman, M., & Hafez, M. A. (2012). Geophysical and hydrological investigations at the west bank of Nile River (Luxor, Egypt). Environmental Earth Sciences, 67(3), 911\u2013921.","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S1464-1909(01)00016-8","volume":"26","author":"GHPO Essink","year":"2001","unstructured":"Essink, G. H. P. O. (2001). Saltwater intrusion in 3D large-scale aquifers: A Dutch case. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part b: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 26(4), 337\u2013344.","journal-title":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part b: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere"},{"key":"1135_CR17","unstructured":"FAO. (1994). Water Quality for Agriculture. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/t0234e\/T0234E00.htm#TOC"},{"key":"1135_CR18","unstructured":"FAO. (2011). The state of the world\u2019s land and water resources for food and agriculture\u2014managing systems at risk. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Earthscan."},{"key":"1135_CR19","unstructured":"FAOSTAT. (2016). FAO Food and Agriculture Database. Statistics Divi sion, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#home"},{"issue":"8","key":"1135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-018-1830-2","volume":"26","author":"S Foster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foster, S., Pulido-Bosch, A., Vallejos, \u00c1., Molina, L., Llop, A., & MacDonald, A. M. (2018). Impact of irrigated agriculture on groundwater-recharge salinity: A major sustainability concern in semi-arid regions. Hydrogeology Journal, 26(8), 2781\u20132791.","journal-title":"Hydrogeology Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"1135_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12101559","volume":"12","author":"A Gaber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gaber, A., Mohamed, A. K., ElGalladi, A., Abdelkareem, M., Beshr, A. M., & Koch, M. (2020). Mapping the groundwater potentiality of West Qena Area, Egypt, using integrated remote sensing and hydro-geophysical techniques. Remote Sensing, 12(10), 1559.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"1135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(99)00031-5","volume":"159","author":"J Gaillardet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gaillardet, J., Dupr\u00e9, B., Louvat, P., & Allegre, C. J. (1999). Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers. Chemical Geology, 159(1\u20134), 3\u201330.","journal-title":"Chemical Geology"},{"issue":"3962","key":"1135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.170.3962.1088","volume":"170","author":"RJ Gibbs","year":"1970","unstructured":"Gibbs, R. J. (1970). Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science, 170(3962), 1088\u20131090.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1135_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.environ.030308.100251","volume":"34","author":"M Giordano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giordano, M. (2009). Global groundwater? Issues and solutions. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34, 153\u2013178.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources"},{"key":"1135_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23576-9_15","volume-title":"Integrated groundwater management","author":"R Greene","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greene, R., Timms, W., Rengasamy, P., Arshad, M., & Cresswell, R. (2016). Soil and aquifer salinization: toward an integrated approach for salinity management of groundwater. In A. J. Jakeman, O. Barreteau, R. J. Hunt, J.-D. Rinaudo, & A. Ross (Eds.), Integrated groundwater management (pp. 377\u2013412). Cham: Springer."},{"key":"1135_CR26","unstructured":"Gustafsson, J. P. (2011). Visual MINTEQ Version 3.1: A Windows version of MINTEQA2."},{"key":"1135_CR27","unstructured":"EL HALIMI, N., CHAOUNI ALIA, A., Beeuwsaert, E., & Walraevens, K. (2001). Hydrogeological and geophysical investigation for characterizing the groundwater reservoir in Saidia Plain (northeastern Morocco). In Development of water resource management tools for problems of seawater intrusion and contamination of fresh-water resources in coastal aquifers\/Walraevens, K.(ed.).-Gent: Ghent University, 2000.-ISBN 90-76878-01-3 (pp. 67\u201375)."},{"key":"1135_CR28","unstructured":"Ismaiel, H. A. H., Askalany, M. M., & Ibrahim, A. M. (2012). Geotechnical classification of quaternary sediments exposed along Qena-Safaga, Qift-Quseir and Qena-Nag Hammadi roads at Qena region, Egypt. In Conference program and abstracts, geology of the Nile basin countries conference. Egypt, Alexandria."},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2113\/JEEG10.1.35","volume":"10","author":"A Ismail","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ismail, A., Anderson, N. L., & Rogers, J. D. (2005). Hydrogeophysical investigation at Luxor, southern Egypt. Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, 10(1), 35\u201349.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02912705","volume":"5","author":"S-W Jeen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jeen, S.-W., Kim, J.-M., Ko, K.-S., Yum, B., & Chang, H.-W. (2001). Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in a mid-western coastal aquifer system. Korea. Geosciences Journal, 5(4), 339\u2013348.","journal-title":"Korea. Geosciences Journal"},{"issue":"2065","key":"1135_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150202","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0202","volume":"374","author":"IT Jolliffe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"1135_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10158"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116","volume":"20","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 141\u2013151.","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"12","key":"1135_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-020-01202-8","volume":"48","author":"M Kamel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamel, M. (2020). Monitoring of land use and land cover change detection using multi-temporal remote sensing and time series analysis of Qena-Luxor Governorates (QLGs), Egypt. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 48(12), 1767\u20131785.","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing"},{"key":"1135_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"D Karunanidhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Deepali, M., Subramani, T., & Sunkari, E. D. (2020). Appraisal of subsurface hydrogeochemical processes in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of south India based on mass transfer and fuzzy comprehensive modeling. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43, 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2019.01.005","volume":"31","author":"L Kaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaur, L., Rishi, M. S., Sharma, S., Sharma, B., Lata, R., & Singh, G. (2019). Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in alluvial plains of River Yamuna in Northern India: An insight of controlling processes. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 31(4), 1245\u20131253.","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University-Science"},{"key":"1135_CR37","unstructured":"Korany, E. (1984). Statstical approach in the assessment of the geohydrologic profiles. In 9th International Congress. Statistics, Computer. Sciences. Social and Demerges Research, Cairo. Ain Shams University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"1135_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.12944\/CWE.14.2.02","volume":"14","author":"G Krishan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krishan, G. (2019). Groundwater salinity. CurRent World Environment, 14(2), 186.","journal-title":"CurRent World Environment"},{"key":"1135_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.12.026","volume":"521","author":"R Ledesma-Ruiz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ledesma-Ruiz, R., Past\u00e9n-Zapata, E., Parra, R., Harter, T., & Mahlknecht, J. (2015). Investigation of the geochemical evolution of groundwater under agricultural land: A case study in northeastern Mexico. Journal of Hydrology, 521, 410\u2013423.","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"1135_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13977","volume-title":"Groundwater around the world: a geographic synopsis","author":"J Margat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Margat, J., & der Gun, J. (2013). Groundwater around the world: a geographic synopsis. Boca Raton: Crc Press."},{"key":"1135_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.009","volume":"53","author":"A Mazzoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mazzoni, A., Heggy, E., & Scabbia, G. (2018). Forecasting water budget deficits and groundwater depletion in the main fossil aquifer systems in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Global Environmental Change, 53, 157\u2013173.","journal-title":"Global Environmental Change"},{"key":"1135_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77622-0_15","volume-title":"Groundwater in Egypt\u2019s Deserts","author":"NN Mohamed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamed, N. N. (2021). Optimum Economic Uses of Precious Costly Ground Water in Marginal and Desert Lands; Case Study in Egypt. In A. Negm & A. Elkhouly (Eds.), Groundwater in Egypt\u2019s Deserts (pp. 373\u2013393). Cham: Springer."},{"key":"1135_CR43","unstructured":"Morris, B. L., Lawrence, A. R. L., Chilton, P. J. C., Adams, B., Calow, R. C., & Klinck, B. A. (2003). Groundwater and its susceptibility to degradation: A global assessment of the problem and options for management. http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/19395\/1\/Groundwater_INC_cover.pdf."},{"key":"1135_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2019.100225","volume":"26","author":"AN Mostafa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mostafa, A. N., Wheida, A., El Nazer, M., Adel, M., El Leithy, L., Siour, G., et al. (2019). Past (1950\u20132017) and future (- 2100) temperature and precipitation trends in Egypt. Weather and Climate Extremes, 26, 100225.","journal-title":"Weather and Climate Extremes"},{"key":"1135_CR45","unstructured":"Omer, A. A. (1996). Geological, mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Neogene and Quaternary Nile basin deposits, Qena-Assiut stretch, Egypt. Ph. D. thesis, Geology Dept. Faculty of Science, Sohag, South Valley University."},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR46","first-page":"681","volume":"45","author":"AA Omran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Omran, A. A., Riad, S., Philobbos, E. R., & Othman, A. B. (2001). Subsurface structures and sedimentary basins in the Nile Valley area as interpreted from gravity data. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 45(1), 681\u2013712.","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Geology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1135_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1029\/TR025i006p00914","volume":"25","author":"AM Piper","year":"1944","unstructured":"Piper, A. M. (1944). A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 25(6), 914\u2013928.","journal-title":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union"},{"issue":"5","key":"1135_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7386-6","volume":"77","author":"A Pulido-Bosch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pulido-Bosch, A., Rigol-Sanchez, J. P., Vallejos, A., Andreu, J. M., Ceron, J. C., Molina-Sanchez, L., & Sola, F. (2018). Impacts of agricultural irrigation on groundwater salinity. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(5), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1029\/TR022i003p00593","volume":"22","author":"R Revelle","year":"1941","unstructured":"Revelle, R. (1941). Criteria for recognition of the sea water in ground-waters. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 22(3), 593\u2013597.","journal-title":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union"},{"key":"1135_CR50","unstructured":"RIGW (Research Institute of Groundwater). (1997). Hydrogeological map of Luxor area (Scale 1:100 000). Explanatory notes, 23."},{"key":"1135_CR51","volume-title":"Assessment of groundwater quality in sohag governorate, Egypt. A study in the environmental geochemistry","author":"S Rizk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rizk, S. (2010). Assessment of groundwater quality in sohag governorate, Egypt. A study in the environmental geochemistry. Sohag: South Valley University."},{"key":"1135_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-020-08913-8","author":"I Said","year":"2020","unstructured":"Said, I., Merz, C., Salman, A., Schneider, M., & Winkler, A. (2020). Identification of hydrochemical processes using multivariate statistics in a complex aquifer system of Sohag region Egypt. Environmental Earth Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-020-08913-8","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"key":"1135_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2021.104250","volume":"181","author":"I Said","year":"2021","unstructured":"Said, I., & Salman, S. A. (2021). Salinization of groundwater under desert reclamation stress at Qena region, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 181, 104250.","journal-title":"Journal of African Earth Sciences"},{"key":"1135_CR54","volume-title":"The Geology of Egypt","author":"R Said","year":"1962","unstructured":"Said, R. (1962). The Geology of Egypt. Amsterdam: Elsevier book company."},{"key":"1135_CR55","volume-title":"The Geology of Egypt","author":"R Said","year":"1990","unstructured":"Said, R. (1990). The Geology of Egypt. Rotterdam\/Brookfield: AA Balkema."},{"key":"1135_CR56","volume-title":"The geological evolution of the River Nile","author":"R Said","year":"2012","unstructured":"Said, R. (2012). The geological evolution of the River Nile. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"1135_CR57","volume-title":"Metals in the Hydrocycle","author":"W Salomons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salomons, W., & F\u00f6rstner, U. (2012). Metals in the Hydrocycle. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media."},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2006WR005486","volume":"43","author":"BR Scanlon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scanlon, B. R., Jolly, I., Sophocleous, M., & Zhang, L. (2007). Global impacts of conversions from natural to agricultural ecosystems on water resources: Quantity versus quality. Water resources research, 43(3), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Water resources research"},{"key":"1135_CR59","unstructured":"Schoeller, H. (1965). Qualitative evaluation of groundwater resources (p. 5483). UNESCO."},{"key":"1135_CR60","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Groundwater in the Nile Delta","author":"AM Sharaky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharaky, A. M., El Hassanein, A. S., Atta, S. A., & Khallaf, K. M. A. (2017). Salinization and origin of the coastal shallow groundwater aquifer, northwestern Nile Delta, Egypt. In A. M. Negm (Ed.), Groundwater in the Nile Delta (pp. 275\u2013306). Cham: Springer."},{"key":"1135_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-2969-7_17","volume-title":"Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers\u2014Concepts, Methods and Practices","author":"M Sherif","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sherif, M. (1999). Nile delta aquifer in Egypt. In J. Bear, A.H.-D. Cheng, S. Sorek, D. Ouazar, & I. Herrera (Eds.), Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers\u2014Concepts, Methods and Practices (pp. 559\u2013590). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"10","key":"1135_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-14-1863-2010","volume":"14","author":"S Siebert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siebert, S., Burke, J., Faures, J.-M., Frenken, K., Hoogeveen, J., D\u00f6ll, P., & Portmann, F. T. (2010). Groundwater use for irrigation\u2013a global inventory. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14(10), 1863\u20131880.","journal-title":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences"},{"key":"1135_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2020.103742","volume":"236","author":"ED Sunkari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sunkari, E. D., Abu, M., & Zango, M. S. (2021). Geochemical evolution and tracing of groundwater salinization using different ionic ratios, multivariate statistical and geochemical modeling approaches in a typical semi-arid basin. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 236, 103742.","journal-title":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"},{"key":"1135_CR64","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"BG Tabachnick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn & Bacon\/Pearson Education."},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR65","first-page":"31","volume":"18","author":"A VAndenBOHede","year":"2015","unstructured":"VAndenBOHede, A., WAlrAeVens, K., & De Breuck, W. (2015). What does the interface on the fresh-saltwater distribution map of the Belgian coastal plain represent? Geologica Belgica, 18(1), 31\u201336.","journal-title":"Geologica Belgica"},{"key":"1135_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velmurugan, A., Swarnam, P., Subramani, T., Meena, B., & Kaledhonkar, M. J. (2020). Water Demand and Salinity. In Desalination-Challenges and Opportunities. IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.88095"},{"key":"1135_CR67","unstructured":"Walraevens, K., & Van Camp, M. (2004). Advances in understanding natural groundwater quality controls in coastal aquifers. In Proceedings of the 18th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (Vol. 31, pp. 449\u2013463)."},{"key":"1135_CR68","unstructured":"Weaver, J. M. C. (1992). Groundwater Sampling Manual. WRC Report No. TT 54\/92. Water Research Commission, Pretoria."},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-009-0465-8","volume":"18","author":"AD Werner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Werner, A. D. (2010). A review of seawater intrusion and its management in Australia. Hydrogeology Journal, 18(1), 281\u2013285.","journal-title":"Hydrogeology Journal"},{"key":"1135_CR70","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Oraganization). (2017). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: first addendum to the fourth edition."},{"key":"1135_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, W. D. (2001). Anthropogenic salinisation of inland waters. In J. M. Melack, R. Jellison, & D. B. Herbst (Eds.), Saline lakes (pp. 329\u2013337). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-2934-5_30"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR72","first-page":"50","volume":"7","author":"SM Yidana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yidana, S. M., Ophori, D., Yakubo, B. B., & Samed, A. A. (2012). A factor model to explain the hydrochemistry and causes of fluoride enrichment in groundwater from the middle Voltaian sedimentary aquifers in the northern region, Ghana. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci, 7(1), 50\u201368.","journal-title":"ARPN J Eng Appl Sci"}],"container-title":["Environmental Geochemistry and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10653-021-01135-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10653-021-01135-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10653-021-01135-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T20:12:00Z","timestamp":1666469520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10653-021-01135-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-021-01135-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-4042","1573-2983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}