{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1781348140358,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12S280 and 12S283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12S280 and 12S283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Geochem Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-026-03261-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:52:14Z","timestamp":1779893534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated hydrochemical and health-risk assessment of fluoride and major ions in groundwater from hattar and gadoon industrial estates, pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Tofeeq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Azam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeel","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203734131","volume-title":"Water and wastewater examination manual","author":"VD Adams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adams, V. D. (2017). Water and wastewater examination manual. Routledge."},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR2","first-page":"70","volume":"1","author":"MS Afzal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Afzal, M. S., Ashraf, A., & Nabeel, M. (2018). Characterization of industrial effluents and groundwater of Hattar industrial estate, Haripur. Advances in Agriculture and Environmental Science: Open Access (AAEOA), 1(2), 70\u201377.","journal-title":"Advances in Agriculture and Environmental Science: Open Access (AAEOA)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences15020063","volume":"15","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad, M., Tanoli, U. F., Umar, M., Ahmad, T., & Ahmed, A. (2025). Shallow-marine Late Thanetian Lockhart Limestone from the Hazara Basin, Pakistan: Insights into foraminiferal biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis. Geosciences, 15(2), 63.","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"key":"3261_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-024-00524-8","author":"T Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad, T., Ali, L., Alshamsi, D., Aldahan, A., El-Askary, H., & Ahmed, A. (2024). AI-powered water quality index prediction: Unveiling machine learning precision in hyper-arid regions. Earth Systems and Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41748-024-00524-8","journal-title":"Earth Systems and Environment"},{"key":"3261_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, T., Issa, H., Tanoli, U. F., Ahmed, A., Azhar, M. U., & Arshad, A. (2026). Long-term monitoring and predictive modeling of mangrove ecosystem health using Sentinel-2 data in coastal regions of Pakistan (2015\u20132024). Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/24749508.2026.2640688"},{"key":"3261_CR6","first-page":"104414","volume-title":"Heavy metal (loid) s contamination status in the Indus River Basin: A systematic review with Spatial Analysis and Risk Assessment","author":"T Ahmad","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ahmad, T., Muhammad, S., & Ahmed, A. (2026b). Heavy metal (loid) s contamination status in the Indus River Basin: A systematic review with Spatial Analysis and Risk Assessment (p. 104414). Parts A\/B\/C: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth."},{"issue":"47","key":"3261_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103801","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29251-9","volume":"30","author":"Z Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad, Z., Fatima, S. B., Masood, N., Ullah, F., Kamal, S., & Farooqi, A. (2023). Spatial distribution of drinking and irrigation water quality in different climatic zones of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(47), 103801\u2013103822.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"3261_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7654-2","volume":"191","author":"MA Ahsan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahsan, M. A., Satter, F., Siddique, M. A. B., Akbor, M. A., Ahmed, S., Shajahan, M., & Khan, R. (2019). Chemical and physicochemical characterization of effluents from the tanning and textile industries in Bangladesh with multivariate statistical approach. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(9), 575.","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"3261_CR9","unstructured":"Ajaz, M., Rasool, W., Jamshed, A., & Zahra, D. (2024). Biodegradation of Hazardous Compounds: Unveiling Microbial Potentials and Ecological Implications. NUR Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 1(1)."},{"key":"3261_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, A., Alam, M., & Nawab, J. (2025). Assessment of Ecological and Human Health Risk Associated with Toxic Metals from the Consumption of Vegetables Exposed to Low Quality Irrigation Water of Industrial Zones in Semi-arid Regions. Biological Trace Element Research, 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-025-04820-w"},{"issue":"4","key":"3261_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrology12040070","volume":"12","author":"K Alam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alam, K., Nafees, M., Ali, W., Muhammad, S., & Raziq, A. (2025b). Geogenic contamination of groundwater in a highland watershed: Hydrogeochemical assessment, source apportionment, and health risk evaluation of fluoride and nitrate. Hydrology, 12(4), 70.","journal-title":"Hydrology"},{"issue":"23","key":"3261_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34396","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-33402-x","volume":"31","author":"A Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali, A., Ullah, Z., Ismaeel, N., Rashid, A., Khalid, W., Siddique, M., Iqbal, J., Khan, A., Waqas, M., & Ghani, J. (2024). Integrated approach to hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality in major industrial zone of Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(23), 34396\u201334414.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"15","key":"3261_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/min15050482","volume":"5","author":"M Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali, M., Alshamsi, D., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, A., & Abdelfadil, K. M. (2025). Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals (PTMs) Pollution, Ecological Risks, and Source Apportionment in Urban Soils from University Campuses: Insights from Multivariate and Positive Matrix Factorisation Analyses. Minerals, 5(15), 482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/min15050482","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"issue":"10","key":"3261_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3662","DOI":"10.1021\/es071958y","volume":"42","author":"M Amini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amini, M., Mueller, K. I. M., Abbaspour, K. C., Rosenberg, T., Afyuni, M., M\u00f8ller, K. N., Sarr, M., & Johnson, C. A. (2008). Statistical modeling of global geogenic fluoride contamination in groundwaters. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(10), 3662\u20133668.","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"3261_CR15","unstructured":"APHA. (2022). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (24th ed.). American Public Health Association (APHA Press) \/ American Water Works Association (AWWA)\/Water Environment Federation (WEF)."},{"key":"3261_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439833544","volume-title":"Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution","author":"CAJ Appelo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Appelo, C. A. J., & Postma, D. (2004). Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. CRC Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.082","volume":"22","author":"Y Aryan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aryan, Y., Pon, T., Panneerselvam, B., & Dikshit, A. K. (2024). A comprehensive review of human health risks of arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater in the South Asia region. Journal of Water and Health, 22(2), 235\u2013267.","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"key":"3261_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cliser.2025.100622","volume":"40","author":"M Ashraf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ashraf, M., Arshad, A., Iqbal, F., Pourshirazi, S., Azhar, M. U., Tanoli, U. F., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, A., & Bilal, R. (2025). Agrometeorological drought early warning as a climate service: SPI projections using SARIMA models for seasonal risk management. Climate Services, 40, 100622.","journal-title":"Climate Services"},{"issue":"16","key":"3261_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2022.2098475","volume":"104","author":"D Ather","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ather, D., Muhammad, S., & Ali, W. (2024). Fluoride and nitrate contaminations of groundwater and potential health risks assessment in the Khyber district, North-Western Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 104(16), 3976\u20133991.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR20","first-page":"5586213","volume":"2021","author":"MJ Awol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Awol, M. J., Adugna, A. T., & M, K. (2021). Assessing the industrial effluent effect on irrigation water quality and farm soil near Kombolcha Town. Ethiopia. Journal of Chemistry, 2021(1), 5586213.","journal-title":"Ethiopia. Journal of Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40899-023-01024-9","volume":"10","author":"T Begum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Begum, T., Shareef, A., Rafique, T., & Khwaja, H. A. (2024). Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on fluoride contamination: A case study in Thar Desert. Pakistan. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 10(2), 53.","journal-title":"Pakistan. Sustainable Water Resources Management"},{"key":"3261_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.04.072","volume":"562","author":"X Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao, X., Wu, P., Zhou, S., Sun, J., & Han, Z. (2018). Tracing the origin and geochemical processes of dissolved sulphate in a karst-dominated wetland catchment using stable isotope indicators. Journal of Hydrology, 562, 210\u2013222.","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10575-9","volume":"28","author":"TA Chandio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandio, T. A., Khan, M. N., Muhammad, M. T., Yalcinkaya, O., Wasim, A. A., & Kayis, A. F. (2021). Fluoride and arsenic contamination in drinking water due to mining activities and its impact on local area population. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(2), 2355\u20132368.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"3261_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-024-11462-z","volume":"83","author":"S Daud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Daud, S., Lisa, M., Nisar, U. B., Tanoli, J. I., & Ali, M. (2024). Groundwater characteristics using geophysical, geospatial, and hydrogeological studies in Peshawar Basin. Pakistan. Environmental Earth Sciences, 83(7), 200.","journal-title":"Pakistan. Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"15","key":"3261_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-022-10516-4","volume":"81","author":"S Daud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daud, S., & MonaLisa, & Nisar, U. Bin. (2022a). Integrated geophysical, geochemical, and geospatial tools to characterize water resources in GAIE, Eastern Peshawar basin. Pakistan. Environmental Earth Sciences, 81(15), 390.","journal-title":"Pakistan. Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"key":"3261_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2022.28033","volume":"246","author":"S Daud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daud, S., Nisar, U. B., & Sipra, H. (2022b). Hydrochemical and geophysical appraisal for effects of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate on water resources, Swabi District, Pakistan. Desalination and Water Treatment, 246, 265\u2013279.","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"key":"3261_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2024.107413","volume":"259","author":"IU Din","year":"2024","unstructured":"Din, I. U., Ali, W., Muhammad, S., Shaik, M. R., Shaik, B., & ur Rehman, I., & Tokatli, C. (2024). Spatial distribution and potential health risk assessment for fluoride and nitrate via water consumption in Pakistan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 259, 107413.","journal-title":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-024-02335-2","volume":"47","author":"TS Durrani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Durrani, T. S., Akhtar, M. M., Kakar, K. U., Khan, M. N., Muhammad, F., Khan, M., Habibullah, H., & Khan, C. (2025). Geochemical evolution, geostatistical mapping and machine learning predictive modeling of groundwater fluoride: A case study of western Balochistan. Quetta. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 47(2), 32.","journal-title":"Quetta. Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3261_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egbueri, J. C., Agbasi, J. C., AlSaleh, S. S., Abba, S. I., Aralu, C. C., Khan, M. Y. A., Arunachalam, K. P., & Usman, A. G. (2025). Towards environmental sustainability: multi-pathway exposure and health risk assessment of urban groundwater PTEs using the HHRISK code and indexical computing. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2025.2534419"},{"key":"3261_CR30","first-page":"137179","volume":"312","author":"V Elumalai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elumalai, V., Rajmohan, N., Sithole, B., Li, P., Uthandi, S., & van Tol, J. (2023). Geochemical evolution and the processes controlling groundwater chemistry using ionic ratios, geochemical modelling and chemometric analysis in uMhlathuze catchment, KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa. Chemosphere, 312, 137179.","journal-title":"South Africa. Chemosphere"},{"key":"3261_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.04.011","volume":"9","author":"UC Emmanuel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emmanuel, U. C., Chukwudi, M. I., Monday, S. S., & Anthony, A. I. (2022). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources in three senatorial districts of Anambra State, Nigeria. Toxicology Reports, 9, 869\u2013875.","journal-title":"Toxicology Reports"},{"key":"3261_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2024.127568","volume":"87","author":"S Eslamizad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eslamizad, S., & Alehashem, M. (2025). Metal contaminants in rice imported to Iran: A comprehensive assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 87, 127568.","journal-title":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"3261_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2025.132775","volume":"653","author":"MD Fidelibus","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fidelibus, M. D., Balacco, G., Alfio, M. R., Arfaoui, M., Bassukas, D., G\u00fcler, C., Hamzaoui-Azaza, F., K\u00fclls, C., Panagopoulos, A., & Parisi, A. (2025). A chloride threshold to identify the onset of seawater\/saltwater intrusion and a novel categorization of groundwater in coastal aquifers. Journal of Hydrology, 653, 132775.","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"3261_CR34","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Groundwater","author":"RA Freeze","year":"1979","unstructured":"Freeze, R. A., & Cherry, J. A. (1979). Groundwater (Vol. 176, pp. 161\u2013177). prentice-hall."},{"issue":"3962","key":"3261_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.170.3962.1088","volume":"170","author":"RJ Gibbs","year":"1970","unstructured":"Gibbs, R. J. (1970). Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science, 170(3962), 1088\u20131090.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7410","key":"3261_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11295","volume":"488","author":"T Gleeson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M. F. P., & Van Beek, L. P. H. (2012). Water balance of global aquifers revealed by groundwater footprint. Nature, 488(7410), 197\u2013200.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3261_CR37","unstructured":"Government of Pakistan, M. of N. H. S. R. & C. (2016). National Health Vision Pakistan 2016\u20132025."},{"issue":"12","key":"3261_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3390\/w10121799","volume":"10","author":"M Haji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haji, M., Wang, D., Li, L., Qin, D., & Guo, Y. (2018). Geochemical evolution of fluoride and implication for F\u2212 enrichment in groundwater: Example from the Bilate River Basin of Southern Main Ethiopian Rift. Water, 10(12), 1799.","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"3261_CR39","unstructured":"Hem, J. D. (1985). Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (Vol. 2254). Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey."},{"key":"3261_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203734117","volume-title":"Water quality data: Analysis and interpretation","author":"A Hounslow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hounslow, A. (2018). Water quality data: Analysis and interpretation. CRC Press."},{"key":"3261_CR41","unstructured":"Howard, K. W. F., & Gelo, K. K. (2002). Intensive groundwater use in urban areas: the case of megacities. Intensive Use of Groundwater: Challenges and Opportunities, 484."},{"key":"3261_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-025-00646-7","author":"J Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain, J., Ali, N., Fu, X., Chen, J., Saleem, A., Azhar, M. U., Hussain, A., Ahmed, A., Ahmad, T., & Ali, M. (2025). Optimizing aggregate resource suitability: A GIS-based approach for sustainable development. Earth Systems and Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41748-025-00646-7","journal-title":"Earth Systems and Environment"},{"issue":"40","key":"3261_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56741","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13842-5","volume":"28","author":"R Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain, R., Khattak, S. A., Ali, L., Sattar, S., Zeb, M., & Hussain, M. L. (2021). Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(40), 56741\u201356757.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"3261_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-015-1075-9","volume":"15","author":"R Hussain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hussain, R., Khattak, S. A., Shah, M. T., & Ali, L. (2015). Multistatistical approaches for environmental geochemical assessment of pollutants in soils of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Pakistan. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 15(5), 1119\u20131129.","journal-title":"Journal of Soils and Sediments"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/w18010022","volume":"18","author":"A Iftikhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iftikhar, A., Hayat, M. T., Zeb, B. S., Siddique, M., Irshad, M., Mahmood, Q., Gazder, U., & Hung, Y.-T. (2025). Synergistic pollution removal in paper mill wastewater using monoculture-constructed wetlands optimized by RSM. Water, 18(1), 22.","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"3261_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332965","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2024.1332965","volume":"12","author":"M Ishtiaq","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishtiaq, M., Khan, M. J., Khan, S. A., Ghani, J., Ullah, Z., Nawab, J., Alrefaei, A. F., Almutairi, M. H., & Alharbi, S. N. (2024). Potentially harmful elements and health risk assessment in groundwater of urban industrial areas. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1332965.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"3261_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M. S. (2023). Groundwater: Sources, functions, and quality. In Hydrogeochemical evaluation and groundwater quality (pp. 17\u201336). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44304-6_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"3261_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-025-02414-y","volume":"47","author":"F Jafari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jafari, F., Nassery, H. R., Alijani, F., & Maknooni Gilani, S. (2025). Identification of salinity sources in groundwater at Golgohar Mine using self-organizing maps (SOM) and correlation analysis: A hydrogeochemical and isotopic approach, south-central Iran. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 47(4), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3261_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.128255","volume":"612","author":"S Jak\u00f3bczyk-Karpierz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jak\u00f3bczyk-Karpierz, S., & \u015al\u00f3sarczyk, K. (2022). Isotopic signature of anthropogenic sources of groundwater contamination with sulfate and its application to groundwater in a heavily urbanized and industrialized area (Upper Silesia, Poland). Journal of Hydrology, 612, 128255.","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"3261_CR50","unstructured":"Jehan, S., Khattak, S. A., Muhammad, S., Ahmad, R., Farooq, M., Khan, S., Khan, A., & Ali, L. (2020). Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the Hattar industrial estate, Pakistan. Toxin Reviews."},{"issue":"3","key":"3261_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07219-y","volume":"27","author":"S Jehan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jehan, S., Khattak, S. A., Muhammad, S., Ali, L., Rashid, A., & Hussain, M. L. (2020b). Human health risks by potentially toxic metals in drinking water along the Hattar Industrial Estate, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(3), 2677\u20132690.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"3261_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-023-00485-y","volume":"4","author":"SS Kaushal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaushal, S. S., Likens, G. E., Mayer, P. M., Shatkay, R. R., Shelton, S. A., Grant, S. B., Utz, R. M., Yaculak, A. M., Maas, C. M., & Reimer, J. E. (2023). The anthropogenic salt cycle. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4(11), 770\u2013784.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment"},{"key":"3261_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33744","author":"RW Kazapoe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kazapoe, R. W., Amuah, E. E. Y., Dankwa, P., Fynn, O. F., Addai, M. O., Berdie, B. S., & Douti, N. B. (2024). Fluoride in groundwater sources in Ghana: A multifaceted and country-wide review. Heliyon. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33744","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3261_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Latif, R. M. A., Arshad, A., He, J., Ahmad, T., & Ahmed, A. (2025). Geospatial modeling and forecasting of urban land use change using Google Earth Engine and machine learning. PLOS ONE, 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0338920","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0338920"},{"issue":"33","key":"3261_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10354-6","volume":"27","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, C., Gao, X., Li, S., & Bundschuh, J. (2020). A review of the distribution, sources, genesis, and environmental concerns of salinity in groundwater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(33), 41157\u201341174.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"3261_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122030","volume":"261","author":"D Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, D., Wang, B., Jin, H., Miao, Y., Sun, Q., Lin, H., Li, H., Liu, Q., Zhou, F., & Chen, J. (2024). Decoupling of high-resolution surface pH and DO reveals temporal algal bloom dynamics on the East China Sea. Water Research, 261, 122030.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"3261_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156058","volume":"839","author":"Y Ling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ling, Y., Podgorski, J., Sadiq, M., Rasheed, H., Eqani, S. A. M. A. S., & Berg, M. (2022). Monitoring and prediction of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater in Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment, 839, 156058.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"13","key":"3261_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8459","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-024-05578-9","volume":"21","author":"A Malik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malik, A., Yasar, A., Tabinda, A. B., Iftikhar, M. H., & Mukhtar, S. (2024). Health risk assessment of nitrates and fluorides ingestion and geochemical evaluation of groundwater characteristics in semi-arid regions. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(13), 8459\u20138486.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3261_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-00894-2","volume":"43","author":"R Mandal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mandal, R., Das, A., Sudheer, A. K., Kumar, S., Verma, S., Gaddam, M., & Deshpande, R. D. (2021). Sources, controls, and probabilistic health risk assessment of fluoride contamination in groundwater from a semi-arid region in Gujarat, Western India: An isotope\u2013hydrogeochemical perspective. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43(10), 4043\u20134059.","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3261_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2021.27913","volume":"244","author":"A Mehmood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehmood, A., Qadir, A., Ehsan, M., Ali, A., Raza, D., & Aziz, H. (2021). Hydrogeological studies and evaluation of surface and groundwater quality of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Desalination and Water Treatment, 244, 41\u201354.","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"3261_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11040318","volume":"11","author":"S-H Men","year":"2023","unstructured":"Men, S.-H., Xie, X., Zhao, X., Zhou, Q., Chen, J.-Y., Jiao, C.-Y., & Yan, Z.-G. (2023). The application of reference dose prediction model to human health water quality criteria and risk assessment. Toxics, 11(4), 318.","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"3261_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.07.017","volume":"6","author":"AA Mohammadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammadi, A. A., Zarei, A., Majidi, S., Ghaderpoury, A., Hashempour, Y., Saghi, M. H., Alinejad, A., Yousefi, M., Hosseingholizadeh, N., & Ghaderpoori, M. (2019). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad. Iran. Methodsx, 6, 1642\u20131651.","journal-title":"Iran. Methodsx"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55615-3","volume":"14","author":"M Moradnia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moradnia, M., Attar, H. M., Hajizadeh, Y., Lundh, T., Salari, M., & Darvishmotevalli, M. (2024). Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan. Iran. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5029.","journal-title":"Iran. Scientific Reports"},{"key":"3261_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2022.28640","volume":"266","author":"G Murtaza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murtaza, G., & Usman, M. (2022). Assessment of various heavy metals level in groundwater and soil at tannery manufacturing areas of three mega cities (Sialkot, Lahore and Karachi) of Pakistan. Desalination and Water Treatment, 266, 121\u2013130.","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"issue":"9","key":"3261_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-024-07411-y","volume":"235","author":"H Musaed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Musaed, H., Mosa, A., Gemail, K., Bedair, S., Zaky, T., & Alfy, M. E. (2024). Geospatial assessment of hydrogeochemical factors controlling groundwater evolution of the Eocene limestone and clastic quaternary aquifers, eastern desert. Egypt. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 235(9), 607.","journal-title":"Egypt. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"},{"issue":"11","key":"3261_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2024.2357640","volume":"26","author":"J Nawab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nawab, J., Ghani, J., Ullah, S., Ahmad, I., Akbar Jadoon, S., Ali, S., Hamidova, E., Muhammad, A., Waqas, M., & Din, Z. U. (2024). Influence of agro-wastes derived biochar and their composite on reducing the mobility of toxic heavy metals and their bioavailability in industrial contaminated soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 26(11), 1824\u20131838.","journal-title":"International Journal of Phytoremediation"},{"issue":"9","key":"3261_CR67","first-page":"313","volume":"6","author":"F Nawaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nawaz, F., Azam, M. F., & Noor, N. (2015). The dilemma of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, 6(9), 313\u2013327.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development"},{"key":"3261_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2024.105419","volume":"227","author":"UB Nisar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nisar, U. B., Ehsan, S. A., Rafiq, M. I., & Mughal, M. R. (2024). Integrated study for assessing groundwater dynamics of the Dehdan village, Haripur Basin, Pakistan. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 227, 105419.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Geophysics"},{"key":"3261_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nisar, U. Bin, Khan, M. J., Imran, M., Khan, M. R., Farooq, M., Ehsan, S. A., Ahmad, A., Qazi, H. H., Rashid, N., & Manzoor, T. (2021). Groundwater investigations in the Hattar industrial estate and its vicinity, Haripur district, Pakistan: An integrated approach. Kuwait Journal of Science, 48(1).","DOI":"10.48129\/kjs.v48i1.7820"},{"key":"3261_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153606","volume":"824","author":"DK Nordstrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nordstrom, D. K. (2022). Fluoride in thermal and non-thermal groundwater: Insights from geochemical modeling. Science of the Total Environment, 824, 153606.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"5","key":"3261_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-024-02123-y","volume":"10","author":"ME Omeka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Omeka, M. E., Igwe, O., Onwuka, O. S., Obajaja, H. A., Omang, B. O., Unigwe, C. O., & Aluma, V. C. (2024). Modeling the vulnerability of water resources to pollution in a typical mining area, SE Nigeria using speciation, geospatial, and multi-path human health risk modeling approaches. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 10(5), 5923\u20135952.","journal-title":"Modeling Earth Systems and Environment"},{"key":"3261_CR72","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. (2004). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (Vol. 1). World health organization."},{"key":"3261_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179459","volume":"978","author":"DP Panday","year":"2025","unstructured":"Panday, D. P., Kumari, A., & Kumar, M. (2025). Alkalinity-salinity-sustainability: Decadal groundwater trends and its impact on agricultural water quality in the Indian Peninsula. Science of the Total Environment, 978, 179459.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"3261_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierre, C. (2019). 6. Applications of Stable Isotope Geochemistry to the Study of Evaporites. In Evaporites and hydrocarbons (pp. 300\u2013344). Columbia University Press.","DOI":"10.7312\/schr91060-007"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s43832-024-00110-z","volume":"4","author":"A Quddoos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quddoos, A., Muhmood, K., Naz, I., Aslam, R. W., & Usman, S. Y. (2024). Geospatial insights into groundwater contamination from urban and industrial effluents in Faisalabad. Discover Water, 4(1), 50.","journal-title":"Discover Water"},{"key":"3261_CR76","unstructured":"Raja, A. A., & Qadir, U. (2020). Assessing the Role of Government in Sustainable Industrial Development: A case study of Hattar Industrial Estate [MPhil thesis]. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Islamabad."},{"issue":"5","key":"3261_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1134\/S0024490223700190","volume":"58","author":"M Ramzan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramzan, M., Ullah, A., & Ahmad, T. (2023). Sedimentological attributes of the Middle Jurassic Samana Suk Formation exposed in village Rani-Wah Haripur, Southern Hazara Basin (NW Himalayan Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan). Lithology and Mineral Resources, 58(5), 501\u2013519.","journal-title":"Lithology and Mineral Resources"},{"issue":"12","key":"3261_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.3390\/w14121832","volume":"14","author":"A Razzaq","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razzaq, A., Xiao, M., Zhou, Y., Liu, H., Abbas, A., Liang, W., & Naseer, MAurR. (2022). Impact of participation in groundwater market on farmland, income, and water access: Evidence from Pakistan. Water, 14(12), 1832.","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-007-0980-7","volume":"55","author":"W Rehman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rehman, W., Zeb, A., Noor, N., & Nawaz, M. (2008). Heavy metal pollution assessment in various industries of Pakistan. Environmental Geology, 55(2), 353\u2013358.","journal-title":"Environmental Geology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3261_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1463510","volume":"25","author":"H Rezaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezaei, H., Jafari, A., Kamarehie, B., Fakhri, Y., Ghaderpoury, A., Karami, M. A., Ghaderpoori, M., Shams, M., Bidarpoor, F., & Salimi, M. (2019). Health-risk assessment related to the fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite in the drinking water in the Sanandaj, Kurdistan County, Iran. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(5), 1242\u20131250.","journal-title":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.21743\/pjaec\/2018.06.08","volume":"19","author":"M Sarfraz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarfraz, M., Sultana, N., & Jamil, M. (2018). Groundwater quality and health risk assessment in rural areas of district Jaffarabad, Baluchistan (Pakistan). Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, 19(1), 79\u201385.","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22458-2","volume":"30","author":"SU Shahid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahid, S. U., Abbasi, N. A., Tahir, A., Ahmad, S., & Ahmad, S. R. (2023). Health risk assessment and geospatial analysis of arsenic contamination in shallow aquifer along Ravi River, Lahore, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(2), 4866\u20134880.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"3261_CR83","first-page":"475","volume":"12","author":"SM Shahzad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shahzad, S. M., Jianxin, L., Shahzad, A., Raza, M. S., Ya, S., & Meryem, F. (2018). Groundwater potential zone identification in unconsolidated aquifer using geophysical techniques around Tarbela Ghazi, District Haripur, Pakistan. Int J Geol Environ Eng, 12, 475\u2013482.","journal-title":"Int J Geol Environ Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"3261_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2006.B0974","volume":"7","author":"RA Sial","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sial, R. A., Chaudhary, M. F., Abbas, S. T., Latif, M. I., & Khan, A. G. (2006). Quality of effluents from Hattar industrial estate. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, 7(12), 974\u2013980.","journal-title":"Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B"},{"issue":"7","key":"3261_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-025-35912-8","volume":"32","author":"G Singh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh, G., Chaudhary, S., Giri, B. S., & Mishra, V. K. (2025). Assessment of geochemistry and irrigation suitability of the River Ganga, Varanasi, India: PCA reduction for water quality index and health risk evaluation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32(7), 4199\u20134218.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"3261_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(02)00018-5","volume":"17","author":"PL Smedley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smedley, P. L., & Kinniburgh, D. G. (2002). A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Applied Geochemistry, 17(5), 517\u2013568.","journal-title":"Applied Geochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3261_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2007.01.001","volume":"22","author":"PL Smedley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smedley, P. L., Knudsen, J., & Maiga, D. (2007). Arsenic in groundwater from mineralised Proterozoic basement rocks of Burkina Faso. Applied Geochemistry, 22(5), 1074\u20131092.","journal-title":"Applied Geochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-024-13458-5","volume":"197","author":"M Tariq","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tariq, M., Rashid, A., Khattak, S. A., Ali, L., & Shah, M. T. (2024). Hydrogeochemical characteristics, source distribution, and health risk of high-fluoride groundwater in Swabi, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(1), 35.","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"3261_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100543","volume":"12","author":"A Toolabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toolabi, A., Bonyadi, Z., Paydar, M., Najafpoor, A. A., & Ramavandi, B. (2021). Spatial distribution, occurrence, and health risk assessment of nitrate, fluoride, and arsenic in Bam groundwater resource, Iran. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 12, 100543.","journal-title":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"11","key":"3261_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-025-02795-0","volume":"47","author":"Z Ullah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ullah, Z., Ullah, I., & Ali, W. (2025). Fluoride contamination and human health risks assessment in groundwater from community tube wells in Kamber Shahdadkot, Sindh, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 47(11), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3261_CR91","first-page":"2","volume":"20460","author":"U.S. EPA.","year":"2011","unstructured":"U.S. EPA. (2011). Exposure factors handbook. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, 20460, 2.","journal-title":"Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC"},{"key":"3261_CR92","unstructured":"USEPA. (2014). Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition (Final Report)."},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2022.2163986","volume":"34","author":"RR Utami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Utami, R. R., Geerling, G. W., Salami, I. R. S., Notodarmojo, S., & Ragas, A. M. J. (2024). Mapping domestic water use to quantify water-demand and water-related contaminant exposure in a peri-urban community, Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 34(1), 625\u2013638.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Health Research"},{"key":"3261_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Gun, J. (2021). Groundwater resources sustainability. In Global groundwater (pp. 331\u2013345). Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4"},{"issue":"24","key":"3261_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2020.1807452","volume":"51","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, J., Ma, T., Xie, X., Deng, Y., & Gan, Y. (2021). Genesis of geogenic contaminated groundwater: As, F and I. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 51(24), 2895\u20132933.","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3261_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5942\/jawwa.2017.109.0087","volume":"109","author":"WHO","year":"2017","unstructured":"WHO. (2017). 2017 WHO guidelines for drinking water quality: First addendum to the fourth edition. Journal\u2010american Water Works Association, 109(7), 44\u201351.","journal-title":"Journal\u2010american Water Works Association"},{"key":"3261_CR97","unstructured":"WHO. (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: incorporating the first and second addenda. World Health Organization."},{"key":"3261_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-025-00702-7","author":"J Xiong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiong, J., Li, Z., & Fantke, P. (2025). Modeling human exposure to chemicals via different freshwater pathways. Exposure and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-025-00702-7","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"3261_CR99","first-page":"1401","volume":"16","author":"MA Yassin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yassin, M. A., Abba, S. I., Shah, S. M. H., Usman, A. G., Egbueri, J. C., Agbasi, J. C., Khogali, A., Baalousha, H. M., Aljundi, I. H., & Sammen, S. S. (2024). Toward decontamination in coastal regions: Groundwater quality, fluoride, nitrate, and human health risk assessments within multi-aquifer Al-Hassa. Saudi Arabia. Water, 16(10), 1401.","journal-title":"Saudi Arabia. Water"},{"issue":"6","key":"3261_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8181-8","volume":"78","author":"\u0130 Yolcubal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yolcubal, \u0130, Ata\u015f G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, \u00d6. C., & Kurtulu\u015f, N. (2019). Origin of salinization and pollution sources and geochemical processes in urban coastal aquifer (Kocaeli, NW Turkey). Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(6), 181.","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"key":"3261_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.10.057","volume":"148","author":"M Yousefi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yousefi, M., Ghoochani, M., & Mahvi, A. H. (2018). Health risk assessment to fluoride in drinking water of rural residents living in the Poldasht city, Northwest of Iran. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148, 426\u2013430.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"issue":"14","key":"3261_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6817-0","volume":"76","author":"FK Zaidi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaidi, F. K., Al-Bassam, A. M., Kassem, O. M. K., Alfaifi, H. J., & Alhumidan, S. M. (2017). Factors influencing the major ion chemistry in the Tihama coastal plain of southern Saudi Arabia: Evidences from hydrochemical facies analyses and ionic relationships. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(14), 472.","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"3261_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3091.1997.tb01530.x","volume":"44","author":"MJ Zaleha","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zaleha, M. J. (1997). Intra\u2010and extrabasinal controls on fluvial deposition in the Miocene Indo\u2010Gangetic foreland basin, northern Pakistan. Sedimentology, 44(2), 369\u2013390.","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2024.2403037","volume":"27","author":"BS Zeb","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeb, B. S., Mahmood, Q., Irshad, M., Zafar, H., & Wang, R. (2025). Sustainable treatment of combined industrial wastewater: Synergistic phytoremediation with Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Arundo donax in biofilm wetlands. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 27(1), 128\u2013134.","journal-title":"International Journal of Phytoremediation"},{"key":"3261_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.140911","volume":"440","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Wang, L., Zhao, Q., Wang, J., & Sun, Y. (2024). Hydrogeochemical and anthropogenic controls on quality and quantitative source-specific risks of groundwater in a resource-based area with intensive industrial and agricultural activities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 440, 140911.","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"3261_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.02.067","volume":"237","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Xu, B., Guo, Z., Han, J., Li, H., Jin, L., Chen, F., & Xiong, Y. (2019). Human health risk assessment of groundwater arsenic contamination in Jinghui irrigation district, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 237, 163\u2013169.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"3261_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2026.2651496","author":"M Zubair","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zubair, M., Zafar, Z., Latif, R. M. A., Muhammad Zulqarnain, R., Abbas, Q., Usman Azhar, M., Ahmad, T., Arshad, A., & Ahmed, A. (2026). Modelling climate-driven agricultural land use change in a data-limited region: A big data analytics framework for the Kabul River Basin (KRB). Geocarto International. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10106049.2026.2651496","journal-title":"Geocarto International"}],"container-title":["Environmental Geochemistry and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03261-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03261-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03261-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:02:49Z","timestamp":1781344969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03261-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03261-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-4042","1573-2983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"374"}}