{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:04:08Z","timestamp":1784621048929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"DBT-PU-IPLS scheme","award":["BT\/PR4577\/INF\/22\/149\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR4577\/INF\/22\/149\/2012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Geochem Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-026-03315-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:11:40Z","timestamp":1783332700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the potential health risks of groundwater arsenic and its spatial distribution in three districts (Patna, Bhojpur and Saran) of Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6936-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parimal Kumar","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupma","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farha","family":"Ashique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR1","first-page":"740","volume":"82","author":"SK Acharyya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Acharyya, S. K. (2002). Arsenic contamination in groundwater affecting major parts of southern West Bengal and parts of western Chhattisgarh: Source and mobilization process. Current Science, 82(6), 740\u2013744.","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-025-01344-0","volume":"49","author":"S Afreen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Afreen, S., Kumari, P., Sulaiman, M. A., Zafar, M. M., Divya, Ranjan, S., Kumari, A., & Yasmin, S. (2025). Comparative health risk assessment of arsenic and fluoride toxicity in the rural area groundwater in the middle Gangetic plain at Muzaffarpur, India. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 49(1), 56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-025-01344-0","journal-title":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre"},{"key":"3315_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-018-0169-x","author":"W Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali, W., Rasool, A., Junaid, M., & Zhang, H. (2019). A comprehensive review on current status, mechanism, and possible sources of arsenic contamination in groundwater: A global perspective with prominence of Pakistan scenario. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-018-0169-x","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3315_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439833544","volume-title":"Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution","author":"C Appelo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Appelo, C., & Postma, D. (2005). Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution (2nd ed.). Rotterdam: Balkema. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781439833544","edition":"2"},{"issue":"24","key":"3315_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8673-6","volume":"78","author":"P Arulbalaji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arulbalaji, P., Sreelash, K., Maya, K., & Padmalal, D. (2019). Hydrological assessment of groundwater potential zones of Cauvery river Basin, India: A geospatial approach. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(24), 667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8673-6","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"key":"3315_CR6","unstructured":"ATSDR. (2007). Toxicological profile of Arsenic. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2013(August)."},{"key":"3315_CR7","unstructured":"ATSDR. (2008). Addendum to the Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry."},{"key":"3315_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-017-3312-6","author":"A Balasubramanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, A., Duraisamy, K., Thirumalaisamy, S., Krishnaraj, S., & Yatheendradasan, R. K. (2017). Prioritization of subwatersheds based on quantitative morphometric analysis in lower Bhavani basin, Tamil Nadu, India using DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL DEM in GIS techniques. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.23976.47369","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences"},{"key":"3315_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr046","author":"N Banerjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banerjee, N., Nandy, S., Kearns, J. K., Bandyopadhyay, A. K., Das, J. K., Majumder, P., Basu, S., Banerjee, S., Jyoti Sau, T., Christopher States, J., & Giri, A. K. (2011). Polymorphisms in the TNF-\u03b1 and IL10 gene promoters and risk of arsenic-induced skin lesions and other nondermatological health effects. Toxicological Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr046","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"3315_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-012-1000-4","author":"A Basu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basu, A., Saha, D., Saha, R., Ghosh, T., & Saha, B. (2014). A review on sources, toxicity and remediation technologies for removing arsenic from drinking water. Research on Chemical Intermediates. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11164-012-1000-4","journal-title":"Research on Chemical Intermediates"},{"key":"3315_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100430","volume":"11","author":"P Bhattacharya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattacharya, P., Adhikari, S., Samal, A. C., Das, R., Dey, D., Deb, A., Ahmed, S., Hussein, J., De, A., Das, A., Joardar, M., Panigrahi, A. K., Roychowdhury, T., & Santra, S. C. (2020). Health risk assessment of co-occurrence of toxic fluoride and arsenic in groundwater of Dharmanagar region, North Tripura (India). Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 11, 100430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100430","journal-title":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"3315_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1233-7","volume":"88","author":"E Bustaffa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bustaffa, E., Stoccoro, A., Bianchi, F., & Migliore, L. (2014). Genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms in arsenic carcinogenicity. Archives of Toxicology, 88(5), 1043\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-014-1233-7","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"3315_CR13","volume-title":"Ground water quality in shallow aquifers of India","author":"Central Ground Water Board","year":"2010","unstructured":"Central Ground Water Board. (2010). Ground water quality in shallow aquifers of India. Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India."},{"key":"3315_CR14","volume-title":"Annual report 2013\u20132014","author":"Central Ground Water Board","year":"2014","unstructured":"Central Ground Water Board. (2014). Annual report 2013\u20132014. Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India."},{"key":"3315_CR15","unstructured":"Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) (2017) Report on aquifer mapping parts of Saran, Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusarai and Patna districts, Bihar. National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme (NAQUIM), Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, Patna"},{"key":"3315_CR16","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Groundwater quality in shallow aquifers of India","author":"CGWB","year":"2018","unstructured":"CGWB. (2018). Groundwater quality in shallow aquifers of India (pp. 18\u201321). CGWB."},{"key":"3315_CR17","unstructured":"CGWB (2023) National compilation on dynamic ground water resources of India, 2023: Central ground water board, department of water resources, river development & Ganga rejuvenation, ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. https:\/\/cgwa-noc.gov.in\/LandingPage\/LatestUpdate\/NCDGWR2023.pdf. Accessed 25 Jul 2025"},{"key":"3315_CR18","volume-title":"Characterization of arsenic-bearing sediments in the gangetic delta of West Bengal","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Basu, G. K., Biswas, L. K., Chowdhury, U. K., Rahman, M. M., Paul, K., Chowdhury, T. R., Chanda, C. R., Lodh, D., & Ray, S. L. (2001). Characterization of arsenic-bearing sediments in the gangetic delta of West Bengal. Arsenic Exposure And Health Effects IV."},{"key":"3315_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5966","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Mukherjee, S. C., Pati, S., Sengupta, M. K., Rahman, M. M., Chowdhury, U. K., Lodh, D., Chanda, C. R., Chakraborti, A. K., & Basu, G. K. (2003). Arsenic groundwater contamination in middle Ganga plain, Bihar, India: A future danger? Environmental Health Perspectives. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.5966","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"3315_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-2699-y","volume":"70","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Rahman, M. M., Das, B., Nayak, B., Pal, A., Sengupta, M. K., et al. (2013). Groundwater arsenic contamination in the Ganga\u2013Meghna\u2013Brahmaputra plain, its health effects and an approach for mitigation. Environmental Earth Sciences, 70, 1993\u20132008.","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"key":"3315_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2015.01.003","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Rahman, M. M., Mukherjee, A., Alauddin, M., Hassan, M., Dutta, R. N., Pati, S., Mukherjee, S. C., Roy, S., Quamruzzman, Q., Rahman, M., Morshed, S., Islam, T., Sorif, S., Selim, M., Islam, M. R., & Hossain, M. M. (2015). Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh-21 years of research. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2015.01.003","journal-title":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"3315_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6149-8","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Rahman, M. M., Ahamed, S., Dutta, R. N., Pati, S., & Mukherjee, S. C. (2016a). Arsenic contamination of groundwater and its induced health effects in Shahpur block, Bhojpur district, Bihar state, India: Risk evaluation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-016-6149-8","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"3315_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.119","volume":"152","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Rahman, M. M., Ahamed, S., Dutta, R. N., Pati, S., & Mukherjee, S. C. (2016b). Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in Patna district (capital of Bihar) in the middle Ganga plain, India. Chemosphere, 152, 520\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.119","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"3315_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-017-1556-6","volume":"25","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Rahman, M. M., Das, B., Chatterjee, A., Das, D., Nayak, B., Pal, A., Chowdhury, U. K., Ahmed, S., Biswas, B. K., Sengupta, M. K., Hossain, Md. A., Samanta, G., Roy, M. M., Dutta, R. N., Saha, K. C., Mukherjee, S. C., Pati, S., Kar, P. B., & Kumar, M. (2017). Groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects in India. Hydrogeology Journal, 25(4), 1165\u20131181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-017-1556-6","journal-title":"Hydrogeology Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020180","volume":"15","author":"D Chakraborti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chakraborti, D., Singh, S. K., Rahman, M. M., Dutta, R. N., Mukherjee, S. C., Pati, S., & Kar, P. B. (2018). Groundwater arsenic contamination in the Ganga river basin: A future health danger. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2), 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15020180","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"3315_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12183062","volume":"12","author":"M Chaves E. D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaves E. D., M., C A Picoli, M., & D Sanches, I. (2020). Recent applications of Landsat 8\/OLI and Sentinel-2\/MSI for land use and land cover mapping: A systematic review. Remote Sensing, 12(18), 3062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12183062","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"3315_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0662","author":"B Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, B., Lu, Y., Chen, Y., & Cheng, J. (2015). The role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries. Journal of Endocrinology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-14-0662","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"3315_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179357","volume":"977","author":"M Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, M., Gr\u00e9goire, D. S., St-Germain, P., Berdugo-Clavijo, C., & Hug, L. A. (2025). Microbial diversity and capacity for arsenic biogeochemical cycling in aquifers associated with thermal mobilization. The Science of the Total Environment, 977, 179357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179357","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chowdhury, M., & Paul, P. K. (2019). Quantification of groundwater resource of Kandi subdivision of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. Environment Development and Sustainability, 22(6), 5849\u20135871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-019-00454-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-019-00454-w"},{"key":"3315_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108393","volume-title":"Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh and West Bengal","author":"UK Chowdhury","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chowdhury, U. K., Biswas, B. K., Chowdhury, T. R., Samanta, G., Mandal, B. K., Basu, G. C., Chanda, C. R., Lodh, D., Saha, K. C., Mukherjee, S. K., Roy, S., Kabir, S., Quamruzzaman, Q., & Chakraborti, D. (2000). Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh and West Bengal. Environmental Health Perspectives. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.00108393"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05955","volume":"56","author":"CT Connolly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Connolly, C. T., Stahl, M. O., Deyoung, B. A., & Bostick, B. C. (2021). Surface flooding as a key driver of groundwater arsenic contamination in Southeast Asia. Environmental Science & Technology, 56(2), 928\u2013937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c05955","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"3315_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138182","author":"D D\u2019Ippoliti","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Ippoliti, D., Santelli, E., De Sario, M., Scortichini, M., Davoli, M., & Michelozzi, P. (2015). Arsenic in drinking water and mortality for cancer and chronic diseases in Central Italy, 1990-2010. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138182","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3315_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2024.01.001","author":"S Demissie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Demissie, S., Mekonen, S., Awoke, T., Teshome, B., & Mengistie, B. (2024). Examining carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks related to arsenic exposure in Ethiopia: A longitudinal study. Toxicology Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2024.01.001","journal-title":"Toxicology Reports"},{"key":"3315_CR33","volume-title":"Arsenic water resources contamination: Advances in water security","author":"AK Dhillon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhillon, A. K. (2020). Arsenic contamination of India\u2019s groundwater: A review and critical analysis. In A. Fares & S. Singh (Eds.), Arsenic water resources contamination: Advances in water security. Springer."},{"key":"3315_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21640","author":"P Ghosh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ghosh, P., Basu, A., Mahata, J., Basu, S., Sengupta, M., Das, J. K., Mukherjee, A., Sarkar, A. K., Mondal, L., Ray, K., & Giri, A. K. (2006). Cytogenetic damage and genetic variants in the individuals susceptible to arsenic-induced cancer through drinking water. International Journal of Cancer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.21640","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"3315_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2013.12.005","volume":"130","author":"G Gong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gong, G., Mattevada, S., & O\u2019Bryant, S. E. (2014). Comparison of the accuracy of kriging and IDW interpolations in estimating groundwater arsenic concentrations in Texas. Environmental Research, 130, 59\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2013.12.005","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"3315_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.05.003","author":"D Guha Mazumder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guha Mazumder, D., & Dasgupta, U. B. (2011). Chronic arsenic toxicity: Studies in West Bengal, India. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.05.003","journal-title":"Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"3315_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115642","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2023.115642","volume":"267","author":"W Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, W., Pan, Y., Welsch, E., Liu, X., Li, J., Xu, S., Peng, H., Wang, F., Li, X., Shi, H., Chen, W., & Huang, C. (2023). Prioritization of control factors for heavy metals in groundwater based on a source-oriented health risk assessment model. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 267, 115642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2023.115642","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1039\/d3va00399j","volume":"3","author":"L Haas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haas, L., Ginder-Vogel, M., Zambito, J. J., Hart, D., & Roden, E. E. (2024). Microbially-mediated aerobic oxidation of trace element-bearing pyrite in neutral-pH sandstone aquifer sediments. Environmental Science Advances, 3(6), 833\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3va00399j","journal-title":"Environmental Science Advances"},{"key":"3315_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315117034","author":"MM Hassan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hassan, M. M. (2018). Arsenic in Groundwater. Arsenic in Groundwater (Issue March). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781315117034","journal-title":"Arsenic in Groundwater (Issue March)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.08.016","volume":"354","author":"KM Hunt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hunt, K. M., Srivastava, R. K., Elmets, C. A., & Athar, M. (2014). The mechanistic basis of arsenicosis: Pathogenesis of skin cancer. Cancer Letters, 354(2), 211\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.08.016","journal-title":"Cancer Letters"},{"key":"3315_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"100","author":"IARC","year":"2012","unstructured":"IARC. (2012). Working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans arsenic metals, fibers, and dusts. IARC Monograpgh on the Evaluation of Cainogenic Risk in Huam, 100, 1\u2013526.","journal-title":"IARC Monograpgh on the Evaluation of Cainogenic Risk in Huam"},{"key":"3315_CR42","unstructured":"IS 10500: 2012 Drinking water specifications, Bureau of Indian Standards (2012)."},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s44274-024-00179-2","volume":"3","author":"N Ivy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ivy, N. (2025). Arsenic contamination in GBM plains with a focus on Bihar, India: Risks and remediation. Discover Environment, 3(1), 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44274-024-00179-2","journal-title":"Discover Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112002","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2021.112002","volume":"204","author":"N Jafarzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jafarzadeh, N., Heidari, K., Meshkinian, A., Kamani, H., Mohammadi, A. A., & Conti, G. O. (2022). Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals in underground water resources in Saraven, Iran: Spatial distribution, monte-carlo simulation, sensitive analysis. Environmental Research, 204, 112002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2021.112002","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR45","first-page":"238","volume":"44","author":"CK Jain","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jain, C. K. (2002). Arsenic contamination in ground water: Indian scenario. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 44(3), 238\u2013243.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Environmental Health"},{"key":"3315_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-023-01054-5","author":"M Jha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jha, M., Kumar, S., Singh, T. B. N., Srivastava, S. K., Azad, G. K., & Yasmin, S. (2023). Potential health risk assessment through the consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in parts of the middle Gangetic plain. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-023-01054-5","journal-title":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre"},{"issue":"8","key":"3315_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-00823-3","volume":"43","author":"M Joardar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joardar, M., Das, A., Chowdhury, N. R., Mridha, D., De, A., Majumdar, K. K., & Roychowdhury, T. (2021a). Health effect and risk assessment of the populations exposed to different arsenic levels in drinking water and foodstuffs from four villages in arsenic endemic Gaighata block, West Bengal, India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43(8), 3027\u20133053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-021-00823-3","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-020-00360-x","volume":"13","author":"M Joardar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joardar, M., Das, A., Mridha, D., De, A., Chowdhury, N. R., & Roychowdhury, T. (2021b). Evaluation of acute and chronic arsenic exposure on school children from exposed and apparently control areas of West Bengal, India. Exposure and Health, 13(1), 33\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-020-00360-x","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"key":"3315_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136071","volume":"710","author":"MA Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan, M. A., Ho, Y. S., & Bundschuh, J. (2020). Health effects of arsenic exposure in Latin America: An overview of the past eight years of research. Science of the Total Environment, 710, 136071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136071","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"10","key":"3315_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102136","volume":"14","author":"MI Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan, M. I., Ahmad, M. F., Ahmad, I., Ashfaq, F., Wahab, S., Alsayegh, A. A., Kumar, S., & Hakeem, K. R. (2022a). Arsenic exposure through dietary intake and associated health hazards in the middle East. Nutrients, 14(10), 2136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14102136","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3315_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2022.100811","volume":"19","author":"MU Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan, M. U., Rai, N., & Sharma, M. K. (2022b). Geochemical behavior and fate of arsenic in middle Gangetic plain, Terai region of India, and its health risk quantification using Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 19, 100811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2022.100811","journal-title":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"3315_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101892","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ETI.2021.101892","volume":"24","author":"I Khouni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khouni, I., Louhichi, G., & Ghrabi, A. (2021). Use of GIS based inverse distance weighted interpolation to assess surface water quality: Case of Wadi El Bey, Tunisia. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 101892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ETI.2021.101892","journal-title":"Environmental Technology & Innovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-024-02870-3","volume":"33","author":"E Kiflay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kiflay, E., Schirmer, M., Foppen, J. W., & Moeck, C. (2025). Impact of urbanization on groundwater recharge: Altered recharge rates and water cycle dynamics for Arusha, Tanzania. Hydrogeology Journal, 33(1), 33\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-024-02870-3","journal-title":"Hydrogeology Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-023-03710-x","volume":"38","author":"S Kodihal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kodihal, S., & Akhtar, M. P. (2023). Sustainable Groundwater Recharge Potential Zone Identification: An AHP-OWA Approach Integrating Future Rainfall and Land-Use Projections. Water Resources Management, 38(3), 1079\u20131098.","journal-title":"Water Resources Management"},{"key":"3315_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81579-9","author":"A Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Ali, M., Kumar, R., Kumar, M., Sagar, P., Pandey, R. K., Akhouri, V., Kumar, V., Anand, G., Niraj, P. K., Rani, R., Kumar, S., Kumar, D., Bishwapriya, A., & Ghosh, A. K. (2021a). Arsenic exposure in Indo Gangetic plains of Bihar causing increased cancer risk. Scientific Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-81579-9","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"3315_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-018-00294-5","author":"A Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Ali, M., Kumar, R., Rahman, M. S., Srivastava, A., Chayal, N. K., Sagar, V., Kumari, R., Parween, S., Kumar, R., Niraj, P. K., Anand, G., Singh, S. K., & Ghosh, A. K. (2020). High arsenic concentration in blood samples of people of village Gyaspur Mahaji, Patna, Bihar drinking arsenic-contaminated water. Exposure and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-018-00294-5","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"issue":"32","key":"3315_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43923","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13521-5","volume":"28","author":"A Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Rahman, M. S., Ali, M., Kumar, R., Nupur, N., Gaurav, A., Raj, V., Anand, G., Niraj, P. K., Kumar, N., Srivastava, A., Biswapriya, A., Chand, G. B., Kumar, D., Rashmi, T., Kumar, S., Sakamoto, M., & Ghosh, A. K. (2021b). Assessment of arsenic exposure in the population of Sabalpur village of Saran District of Bihar with mitigation approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(32), 43923\u201343934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13521-5","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"3315_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-013-0133-y","author":"P Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Avtar, R., Kumar, A., Singh, C. K., Tripathi, P., Senthil Kumar, G., & Ramanathan, A. L. (2014). Geophysical approach to delineate arsenic hot spots in the alluvial aquifers of Bhagalpur district, Bihar (India) in the central Gangetic plains. Applied Water Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-013-0133-y","journal-title":"Applied Water Science"},{"key":"3315_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30898-0","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Ali, M., Raj, V., Kumari, A., Rachamalla, M., Niyogi, S., Kumar, D., Sharma, A., Saxena, A., Panjawani, G., Jain, P., Vidyarthi, A., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Niraj, P. K., Rahman, M. S., Bishwapriya, A., Kumar, R., Sakamoto, M., & Ghosh, A. K. (2023). Arsenic causing gallbladder cancer disease in Bihar. Scientific Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30898-0","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"3315_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102024","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOXREP.2025.102024","volume":"14","author":"P Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Khan, P. K., & Kumar, A. (2025). Health risk assessment upon exposure to groundwater arsenic among individuals of different sex and age groups of Vaishali district, Bihar (India). Toxicology Reports, 14, 102024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TOXREP.2025.102024","journal-title":"Toxicology Reports"},{"key":"3315_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5795-3_2","volume-title":"Water quality management","author":"A Kumari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumari, A., & Maurya, N. (2018). Evaluation of treatment technologies for arsenic-free drinking water supply, disposal of backwash water and exhausted media in Bihar, India. In V. Singh, S. Yadav, & R. Yadava (Eds.), Water quality management (pp. 15\u201325). Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2166\/h2oj.2025.055","volume":"8","author":"V Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumar, V., & Shekhar, S. (2025). Insights into the arsenic contamination status and hydrogeochemical characteristics of major river basins in Bihar, India, after two decades of investigations. H2Open Journal, 8(3), 115\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/h2oj.2025.055","journal-title":"H2Open Journal"},{"key":"3315_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.262","volume":"676","author":"MI Litter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Litter, M. I., Ingallinella, A. M., Olmos, V., Savio, M., Difeo, G., Botto, L., Farf\u00e1n Torres, E. M., Taylor, S., Frangie, S., Herkovits, J., Schalamuk, I., Gonz\u00e1lez, M. J., Berardozzi, E., Garc\u00eda Einschlag, F. S., Bhattacharya, P., & Ahmad, A. (2019). Arsenic in Argentina: Occurrence, human health, legislation and determination. Science of the Total Environment, 676, 756\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.262","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.006","author":"Y Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zheng, B., Fu, Q., Meng, W., & Wang, Y. (2009). Risk assessment and management of arsenic in source water in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.006","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"3315_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-025-00898-3","author":"J Mandal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mandal, J. (2025). Decoding Arsenic Mobility in Soils: Machine Learning Insights into pH-organic carbon interactions across global texture classes. Earth Systems and Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41748-025-00898-3","journal-title":"Earth Systems and Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2023.101022","volume":"23","author":"S Majumder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Majumder, S., Joardar, M., Das, A., De, A., Mridha, D., Ghosh, S., Lama, U., Dey, A., Chowdhury, N. R., Majumdar, A., & Roychowdhury, T. (2023). Arsenic toxicity, biomarkers of exposure and risk assessment among different aged young population from endemic areas of West Bengal, India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 23, 101022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2023.101022","journal-title":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"3315_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127398","volume":"259","author":"S Maity","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maity, S., Biswas, R., & Sarkar, A. (2020). Comparative valuation of groundwater quality parameters in Bhojpur Bihar for Arsenic Risk Assessment. Chemosphere, 259, 127398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127398","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"23","key":"3315_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.3390\/w15234125","volume":"15","author":"D Marghade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marghade, D., Mehta, G., Shelare, S., Jadhav, G., & Nikam, K. C. (2023). Arsenic contamination in Indian groundwater: From origin to mitigation approaches for a sustainable future. Water, 15(23), 4125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w15234125","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"3315_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McArthur, J., Banerjee, D., Hudson-Edwards, K., Mishra, R., Purohit, R., Ravenscroft, P., Cronin, A., Howarth, R., Chatterjee, A., Talukder, T., Lowry, D., Houghton, S., & Chadha, D. (2004). Natural organic matter in sedimentary basins and its relation to arsenic in anoxic ground water: the example of West Bengal and its worldwide implications. Applied Geochemistry, 19(8), 1255\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2004.02.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2004.02.001"},{"key":"3315_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-021-00887-3","volume":"81","author":"E McGrory","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGrory, E., Henry, T., Conroy, P., & Morrison, L. (2021). Occurrence, geochemistry and speciation of elevated arsenic concentrations in a fractured bedrock aquifer system. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81, 414\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-021-00887-3","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-019-0900-5","volume":"9","author":"CN Mgbenu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mgbenu, C. N., & Egbueri, J. C. (2019). The hydrogeochemical signatures, quality indices and health risk assessment of water resources in Umunya district, southeast Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 9(1), 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-019-0900-5","journal-title":"Applied Water Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.2004.09402005.x","volume":"94","author":"HJ Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller, H. J. (2004). Tobler\u2019s first law and spatial analysis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(2), 284\u2013289.","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"key":"3315_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.12.017","author":"BC Minatel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minatel, B. C., Sage, A. P., Anderson, C., Hubaux, R., Marshall, E. A., Lam, W. L., & Martinez, V. D. (2018). Environmental arsenic exposure: From genetic susceptibility to pathogenesis. Environment International. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2017.12.017","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5507-2","volume":"23","author":"R Mirzaei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirzaei, R., & Sakizadeh, M. (2016). Comparison of interpolation methods for the estimation of groundwater contamination in Andimeshk-Shush plain, Southwest of Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(3), 2758\u20132769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-015-5507-2","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"3315_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106529","volume":"153","author":"D Mishra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mishra, D., Das, B. S., Sinha, T., Hoque, J. M., Reynolds, C., Islam, M. R., Hossain, M., Sar, P., & Menon, M. (2021). Living with arsenic in the environment: An examination of current awareness of farmers in the Bengal basin using hybrid feature selection and machine learning. Environment International, 153, 106529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106529","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"3315_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-022-10273-4","author":"D Mishra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mishra, D., Sen, K., Mondal, A., Kundu, S., & Mondal, N. K. (2022). Geochemical appraisal of groundwater arsenic contamination and human health risk assessment in the Gangetic Basin in Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India. Environmental Earth Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-022-10273-4","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"01","key":"3315_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.31783\/elsr.2023.918390","volume":"09","author":"R Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra, R., Datta, S. P., Meena, M. C., Golui, D., Bandyopadhyay, K. K., Bhatia, A., & Chaudhary, A. (2023). Geostatistical analysis of arsenic contamination in soil and comparison of interpolation techniques in Nadia district of Bengal, India. Emergent Life Sciences Research, 09(01), 83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31783\/elsr.2023.918390","journal-title":"Emergent Life Sciences Research"},{"key":"3315_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clwat.2025.100199","volume":"5","author":"D Mishra","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mishra, D., Sen, K., Kundu, S., & Mondal, N. K. (2026). Arsenic in groundwater: Exploring its origins, human interventions, and sustainable paths forward. Cleaner Water, 5, 100199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clwat.2025.100199","journal-title":"Cleaner Water"},{"key":"3315_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101492","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEGH.2023.101492","volume":"25","author":"SM Moghadam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moghadam, S. M., Payandeh, K., Koushafar, A., Goosheh, M., & Rouzbahani, M. M. (2024). Human health risk assessment and carcinogenicity due to exposure to potentially toxic elements on soil pollution in Southwest Iran. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 25, 101492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CEGH.2023.101492","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10333-020-00802-x","volume":"18","author":"S Mondal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mondal, S., Naik, S. K., Haris, A. A., Mishra, J. S., Mukherjee, J., Rao, K. K., & Bhatt, B. P. (2020). Effect of conservation tillage and rice-based cropping systems on soil aggregation characteristics and carbon dynamics in Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain. Paddy and Water Environment, 18(3), 573\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10333-020-00802-x","journal-title":"Paddy and Water Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142082","volume":"754","author":"D Mondal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mondal, D., Rahman, M. M., Suman, S., Sharma, P., Siddique, A. B., Rahman, M. A., Bari, A. S. M. F., Kumar, R., Bose, N., Singh, S. K., Ghosh, A., & Polya, D. A. (2021). Arsenic exposure from food exceeds that from drinking water in endemic area of Bihar, India. Science of the Total Environment, 754, 142082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142082","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR81","first-page":"142","volume":"24","author":"A Mukherjee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mukherjee, A., Sengupta, M. K., Hossain, M. A., Ahamed, S., Das, B., Nayak, B., Lodh, D., Rahman, M. M., & Chakraborti, D. (2006). Arsenic contamination in groundwater: A global perspective with emphasis on the Asian scenario. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 24(2), 142\u2013163.","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},{"key":"3315_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2024.100539","volume":"38","author":"N Neog","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neog, N., Goswami, R., Panday, D. P., Kumar, A., Selvan, M. T., Baruah, A., & Kumar, M. (2024). Arsenic contamination in the groundwater of Northeastern India: Critical understandings on geotectonic controls and the need for intervention. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 38, 100539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coesh.2024.100539","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health"},{"key":"3315_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-022-00022-z","volume":"1","author":"AA Nghiem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nghiem, A. A., Prommer, H., Mozumder, M. R. H., Postma, D., Jessen, S., Pham, T. K. T., Larsen, F., et al. (2023). Sulfate reduction accelerates groundwater arsenic contamination even in aquifers with abundant iron oxides. Nature Water, 1, 151\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44221-022-00022-z","journal-title":"Nature Water"},{"key":"3315_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-1121(06)09001-8","volume":"9","author":"JO Nriagu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nriagu, J. O., Bhattacharya, P., Mukherjee, A. B., Bundschuh, J., Zevenhoven, R., & Loeppert, R. H. (2007). Arsenic in soil and groundwater: An overview. Trace Metals and Other Contaminants in the Environment, 9, 3\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1875-1121(06)09001-8","journal-title":"Trace Metals and Other Contaminants in the Environment"},{"issue":"41","key":"3315_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-25105-y","volume":"31","author":"S Pal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pal, S., Singh, S. K., Singh, P., Pal, S., & Kashiwar, S. R. (2023). Spatial pattern of groundwater arsenic contamination in Patna, Saran, and Vaishali districts of Gangetic plains of Bihar, India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 31(41), 54163\u201354177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-25105-y","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR86","first-page":"10","volume":"15","author":"SS Panhalkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panhalkar, S. S., & Jarag, A. P. (2016). Assessment of spatial interpolation techniques for river bathymetry generation of Panchganga river basin using geoinformatic techniques. Asian Journal of Geoinformatics, 15(3), 10\u201315.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Geoinformatics"},{"key":"3315_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.021","author":"K Phan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Phan, K., Sthiannopkao, S., Kim, K. W., Wong, M. H., Sao, V., Hashim, J. H., Mohamed Yasin, M. S., & Aljunid, S. M. (2010). Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic intake of Cambodia residents through groundwater drinking pathway. Water Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.021","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"3315_CR88","unstructured":"Population Census. Bihar population | sex ratio | literacy. 2011.\u00a0https:\/\/www.census2011.co.in\/census\/state\/bihar.html. Accessed 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"3315_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3256","author":"C Prakash","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prakash, C., Soni, M., & Kumar, V. (2016). Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review. Journal of Applied Toxicology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.3256","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Toxicology"},{"key":"3315_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-012-9460-4","author":"S Rahaman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rahaman, S., Sinha, A. C., Pati, R., & Mukhopadhyay, D. (2013). Arsenic contamination: A potential hazard to the affected areas of West Bengal, India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-012-9460-4","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3315_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.02.071","author":"P Ravenscroft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ravenscroft, P., McArthur, J. M., & Hoque, M. A. (2013). Stable groundwater quality in deep aquifers of Southern Bangladesh: The case against sustainable abstraction. Science of the Total Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.02.071","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR92","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"T Roychowdhury","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roychowdhury, T. (2008). Influence of several factors during collection and preservation prior to analysis of arsenic in groundwater: A case study from West Bengal, India. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, 3(1), 1\u201320.","journal-title":"J. Int. Environmental Application & Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR93","first-page":"753","volume":"97","author":"D Saha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saha, D. (2009). Arsenic groundwater contamination in parts of middle Ganga plain, Bihar. Commentary Current Science, 97(6), 753\u2013755.","journal-title":"Commentary Current Science"},{"key":"3315_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1535-z","author":"D Saha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saha, D., Sahu, S., & Chandra, P. C. (2011). Arsenic-safe alternate aquifers and their hydraulic characteristics in contaminated areas of middle Ganga plain, Eastern India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-010-1535-z","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"3315_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-015-9730-z","author":"D Saha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saha, D., & Sahu, S. (2016). A decade of investigations on groundwater arsenic contamination in middle Ganga plain, India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-015-9730-z","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"3315_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.10.173","volume":"216","author":"M Saleem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saleem, M., Iqbal, J., & Shah, M. H. (2019). Seasonal variations, risk assessment and multivariate analysis of trace metals in the freshwater reservoirs of Pakistan. Chemosphere, 216, 715\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.10.173","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3315_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sand, S., Concha, G., \u00d6hrvik, V., & Abramsson, L. (2016). Inorganic arsenic in rice and rice products on the swedish market 2015 part 2: Risk assessment. In: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b20466-213","DOI":"10.1201\/b20466-213"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2020.08.015","volume":"12","author":"E Shaji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaji, E., Santosh, M., Sarath, K. V., Prakash, P., Deepchand, V., & Divya, B. V. (2021). Arsenic contamination of groundwater: A global synopsis with focus on the Indian Peninsula. Geoscience Frontiers, 12(3), 101079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsf.2020.08.015","journal-title":"Geoscience Frontiers"},{"issue":"10","key":"3315_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12371","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012371","volume":"12","author":"MB Shakoor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shakoor, M. B., Niazi, N. K., Bibi, I., Rahman, M. M., Naidu, R., Dong, Z., Shahid, M., & Arshad, M. (2015). Unraveling health risk and speciation of arsenic from groundwater in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(10), 12371\u201312390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph121012371","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"3315_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-008-1429-3","volume":"57","author":"M Shamsudduha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shamsudduha, M., Marzen, L. J., Uddin, A., Lee, M.-K., & Saunders, J. A. (2008). Spatial relationship of groundwater arsenic distribution with regional topography and water-table fluctuations in the shallow aquifers in Bangladesh. Environmental Geology, 57(7), 1521\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-008-1429-3","journal-title":"Environmental Geology"},{"issue":"17","key":"3315_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5980","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2024.2408634","volume":"105","author":"A Shekhar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shekhar, A., Chandra Vaishya, R., & Srivastava, S. K. (2024). Health and ecological risk assessment for arsenic contaminated groundwater in Shahpur and Koilwar blocks, Bhojpur district, Bihar. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 105(17), 5980\u20135999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03067319.2024.2408634","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"3315_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-015-0004-2","author":"A Shrivastava","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shrivastava, A., Ghosh, D., Dash, A., & Bose, S. (2015). Arsenic contamination in soil and sediment in India: Sources, effects, and remediation. Current Pollution Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40726-015-0004-2","journal-title":"Current Pollution Reports"},{"key":"3315_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2020.1865787","author":"R Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, R., Gayen, A., Kumar, S., & Dewangan, R. (2021). Geo-spatial distribution of arsenic contamination of groundwater resources in intricate crystalline aquifer system of Central India: Arsenic toxicity manifestation and health risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2020.1865787","journal-title":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR104","first-page":"385","volume":"13","author":"SK Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh, S. K., & Ghosh, A. K. (2011). Entry of arsenic into food material-a case study. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(2), 385\u2013390.","journal-title":"World Applied Sciences Journal"},{"key":"3315_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2012.688700","author":"SK Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh, S. K., & Ghosh, A. K. (2012). Health risk assessment due to groundwater arsenic contamination: Children are at high risk. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2012.688700","journal-title":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR106","first-page":"49","volume":"8","author":"SK Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh, S. K., Ghosh, A. K., Kumar, A., Kislay, K., Kumar, C., Tiwari, R. R., Parwez, R., Kumar, N., & Imam, M. D. (2014). Groundwater arsenic contamination and associated health risks in Bihar, India. International Journal of Environmental Research, 8(1), 49\u201360.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR107","first-page":"70","volume":"4","author":"SK Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh, S. K. (2015). Groundwater arsenic contamination in the middle-Gangetic plain, Bihar (India): The danger arrived. International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(2), 70\u201376.","journal-title":"International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"3315_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00139157.2017.1274583","author":"SK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, S. K., & Stern, E. A. (2017). Global arsenic contamination: Living with the poison nectar. Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00139157.2017.1274583","journal-title":"Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.01.103","volume":"174","author":"UK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, U. K., & Kumar, B. (2017). Pathways of heavy metals contamination and associated human health risk in Ajay river basin, India. Chemosphere, 174, 183\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.01.103","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3315_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-020-0075-5","author":"A Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, A., Patel, A. K., Deka, J. P., & Kumar, M. (2020). Natural recharge transcends anthropogenic forcing that influences arsenic vulnerability of the quaternary alluviums of the Mid-Gangetic plain. Npj Clean Water. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41545-020-0075-5","journal-title":"Npj Clean Water"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18959-2","volume":"12","author":"S Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, S., Naik, T. S., Basavaraju, U., Khan, N. A., Wani, A. B., Behera, S. K., Nath, B., Bhati, S., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. (2022). A systematic study of arsenic adsorption and removal from aqueous environments using novel graphene oxide functionalized UiO-66-NDC nanocomposites. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 15802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18959-2","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"3315_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2022.08.001","volume":"96","author":"RM Speer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Speer, R. M., Zhou, X., Volk, L. B., Liu, K. J., & Hudson, L. G. (2023). Arsenic and cancer: Evidence and mechanisms. Advances in Pharmacology, 96, 151\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apha.2022.08.001","journal-title":"Advances in Pharmacology"},{"key":"3315_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2025.101335","author":"U Tahera-Tun-Humayra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tahera-Tun-Humayra, U., Islam, M. R., Hosen, M. B., Kader, Z., Sharker, R., Hasan, M., Aziz, M. T., Miah, M., & Pervin, R. (2025). Groundwater potential zone mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS for Narshingdi district Bangladesh. Environmental Challenges. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envc.2025.101335","journal-title":"Environmental Challenges"},{"key":"3315_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100504","volume":"12","author":"BK Thakur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thakur, B. K., Gupta, V., Bhattacharya, P., Jakariya, M., & Tahmidul Islam, M. (2020). Arsenic in drinking water sources in the middle Gangetic plains in Bihar: An assessment of the depth of wells to ensure safe water supply. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 12, 100504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100504","journal-title":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"3315_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-021-09467-z","author":"C Tokatli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tokatli, C. (2021). Health risk assessment of toxic metals in surface and groundwater resources of a significant agriculture and industry zone in Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-021-09467-z","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Sciences"},{"key":"3315_CR116","unstructured":"UN SDG. (2021). United Nations. The 17 goals. 2021. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals. Accessed 6 Oct 2021."},{"key":"3315_CR117","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. (2011). Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final Report). In Epa\/600\/R-09\/052F."},{"key":"3315_CR118","unstructured":"U.S. EPA. (2001). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) Volume III (Part A) . In Office of Emergency and Remedial Response U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Vol. III (Issue December)."},{"key":"3315_CR119","unstructured":"US-EPA. (2011). Toxicological Review of Inorganic Arsenic: In Support of the Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). In Federal Register (Vol. 76, Issue 190)."},{"key":"3315_CR120","unstructured":"US EPA. (1989). Risk assessment guidance for superfund, Vol. I: Human health evaluation, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington DC. US EPA, 1."},{"key":"3315_CR121","unstructured":"US EPA. (2009). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment). Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation Environmental Protection Agency, I(January)."},{"key":"3315_CR122","unstructured":"USEPA. (1988). Arsenic, inorganic; CASRN 7440\u201338\u20132. In Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment."},{"key":"3315_CR123","unstructured":"USEPA. (1991). Risk assessment guidance for superfund (RAGS), Volume I: Human health evaluation manual (HHEM)\u2014Supplemental guidance, interim final. Environmental Protection, I(202)."},{"key":"3315_CR124","unstructured":"USEPA. (2004). Risk assessment guidance for superfund (RAGS). Volume I. Human health evaluation manual (HHEM). Part E. Supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment. Us Epa, 1(540\/R\/99\/005), EPA\/540\/1-89\/002"},{"key":"3315_CR125","unstructured":"USEPA. (2005). Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment - EPA\/630\/P-03\/001B. Risk Assessment Forum, 61 (79)(April)."},{"key":"3315_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"USEPA. (2013). Critical aspects of EPA\u2019s IRIS assessment of inorganic arsenic: Interim report. In Critical Aspects of EPA\u2019s IRIS Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic: Interim Report. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/18594","DOI":"10.17226\/18594"},{"key":"3315_CR127","unstructured":"USEPA. (2014). Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance: Update of Standard Default Exposure Factors. United States Environmental Agency (USEPA), Risk Assessment, 2004(July 2004)."},{"key":"3315_CR135","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2025). IRIS toxicological review of inorganic arsenic (CASRN 7440-38-2). Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency."},{"key":"3315_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105815","author":"F Ustao\u011flu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ustao\u011flu, F., Tepe, Y., & Ta\u015f, B. (2020). Assessment of stream quality and health risk in a subtropical Turkey river system: A combined approach using statistical analysis and water quality index. Ecological Indicators. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105815","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"3315_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.340","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, L., Zhao, Z., & Cai, Y. (2018). Heavy metal pollution in reservoirs in the hilly area of southern China: Distribution, source apportionment and health risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.340","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"3315_CR130","unstructured":"WHO (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edition, https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241548151"},{"key":"3315_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.09.053","author":"Y Xie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Chen, T. B., Lei, M., Yang, J., Guo, Q. J., Song, B., & Zhou, X. Y. (2011). Spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollution estimated by different interpolation methods: Accuracy and uncertainty analysis. Chemosphere. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.09.053","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3315_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yadav, I. C., Devi, N. L., & Singh, S. (2015). Reductive dissolution of iron-oxyhydroxides directs groundwater arsenic mobilization in the upstream of Ganges River basin, Nepal. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 148, 150\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gexplo.2014.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2014.09.002"},{"key":"3315_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43538-024-00358-y","author":"AK Yadav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadav, A. K., Shekhar, S., Naz, A., Koul, M., Yadav, H. K., Kumar, P., & Chowdhury, A. (2024). Potential toxic elements in groundwater: A health risk in parts of northern Delhi. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43538-024-00358-y","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy"},{"issue":"33","key":"3315_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12280","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03205","volume":"57","author":"Z-F Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan, Z.-F., Zhou, Y., Chen, Z., Zhang, T., Kappler, A., Gustave, W., Tang, X., & Xu, J. (2023). Sustainable Immobilization of Arsenic by Man-Made Aerenchymatous Tissues in Paddy Soil. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(33), 12280\u201312290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c03205","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"}],"container-title":["Environmental Geochemistry and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03315-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03315-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03315-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:39:58Z","timestamp":1784619598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03315-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-026-03315-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-4042","1573-2983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"433"}}