{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:24:50Z","timestamp":1793154290191,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]],"date-time":"2011-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]],"date-time":"2011-04-19T04:42:58Z","timestamp":1303188178000},"page":"547-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":320,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadie","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myles","family":"Cockburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Bronstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10305","volume":"18","author":"D Twelves","year":"2003","unstructured":"Twelves D, Perkins KS, Counsell C. Systematic review of incidence studies of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2003;18(1):19\u201331.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02750-1","volume":"976","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shimizu K, Matsubara K, Ohtaki K, Fujimaru S, Saito O, Shiono H. Paraquat induces long-lasting dopamine overflow through the excitotoxic pathway in the striatum of freely moving rats. Brain Res. 2003;976(2):243\u201352.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.10.008","volume":"25","author":"MG Purisai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purisai MG, McCormack AL, Cumine S, Li J, Isla MZ, Di Monte DA. Microglial activation as a priming event leading to paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell degeneration. Neurobiol Dis. 2007;25(2):392\u2013400.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2002.0507","volume":"10","author":"AL McCormack","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCormack AL, Thiruchelvam M, Manning-Bog AB, et al. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease: selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons caused by the herbicide paraquat. Neurobiol Dis. 2002;10(2):119\u201327.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"9574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.05.039","volume":"141","author":"K Ossowska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ossowska K, Smialowska M, Kuter K, et al. Degeneration of dopaminergic mesocortical neurons and activation of compensatory processes induced by a long-term paraquat administration in rats: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroscience. 2006;141(4):2155\u201365.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.06.048","volume":"128","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Shie FS, Piccardo P, Montine TJ, Zhang J. Proteasomal inhibition induced by manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate: relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroscience. 2004;128(2):281\u201391.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01525.x","volume":"84","author":"J Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fitsanakis VA, Gu G, et al. Manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rat: a link through mitochondrial dysfunction. J Neurochem. 2003;84(2):336\u201346.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"50","key":"9574_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34696","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802210200","volume":"283","author":"AP Chou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chou AP, Maidment N, Klintenberg R, et al. Ziram causes dopaminergic cell damage by inhibiting E1 ligase of the proteasome. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(50):34696\u2013703.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"9574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7570","volume":"113","author":"DA Cory-Slechta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cory-Slechta DA, Thiruchelvam M, Barlow BK, Richfield EK. Developmental pesticide models of the Parkinson disease phenotype. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(9):1263\u201370.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"9574_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01773.x","volume":"85","author":"BK Barlow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barlow BK, Thiruchelvam MJ, Bennice L, Cory-Slechta DA, Ballatori N, Richfield EK. Increased synaptosomal dopamine content and brain concentration of paraquat produced by selective dithiocarbamates. J Neurochem. 2003;85(4):1075\u201386.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"23","key":"9574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22530","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500417200","volume":"280","author":"M Thiruchelvam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thiruchelvam M, Prokopenko O, Cory-Slechta DA, Buckley B, Mirochnitchenko O. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase protects against the paraquat\u00a0+\u00a0maneb-induced Parkinson disease phenotype. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(23):22530\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9574_CR12","volume-title":"Public health impact of pesticide used in agriculture","author":"WHO","year":"1990","unstructured":"WHO. Public health impact of pesticide used in agriculture. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1990."},{"issue":"160","key":"9574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00452-2","volume":"1\u20133","author":"DJ Ecobichon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ecobichon DJ. Pesticide use in developing countries. Toxicology. 2001;1\u20133(160):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9574_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8770","volume":"114","author":"MH Ward","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ward MH, Lubin J, Giglierano J, et al. Proximity to crops and residential exposure to agricultural herbicides in iowa. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(6):893\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2001.4264","volume":"86","author":"A Priyadarshi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Priyadarshi A, Khuder SA, Schaub EA, Priyadarshi SS. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a metaanalysis. Environ Res. 2001;86(2):122\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"9574_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.11.1787","volume":"59","author":"H Petrovitch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petrovitch H, Ross GW, Abbott RD, et al. Plantation work and risk of Parkinson disease in a population-based longitudinal study. Arch Neurol. 2002;59(11):1787\u201392.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20904","volume":"60","author":"A Ascherio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ascherio A, Chen H, Weisskopf MG, et al. Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol. 2006;60(2):197\u2013203.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9574_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp006","volume":"169","author":"S Costello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costello S, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Zhang X, Ritz B. Parkinson\u2019s disease and residential exposure to maneb and paraquat from agricultural applications in the central valley of California. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(8):919\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9574_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk024","volume":"165","author":"F Kamel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kamel F, Tanner C, Umbach D, et al. Pesticide exposure and self-reported Parkinson\u2019s disease in the agricultural health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(4):364\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"9574_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbaz A, Clavel J, Rathouz PJ, Moisan F, Galanaud JP, Delemotte B, Alperovitch A, Tzourio C. Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(4)494\u2013504.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21717"},{"issue":"6","key":"9574_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1583","volume":"48","author":"HH Liou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liou HH, Tsai MC, Chen CJ, et al. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study in Taiwan. Neurology. 1997;48(6):1583\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9574_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/10599240801986215","volume":"13","author":"AS Dhillon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dhillon AS, Tarbutton GL, Levin JL, et al. Pesticide\/environmental exposures and Parkinson\u2019s disease in East Texas. J Agromed. 2008;13(1):37\u201348.","journal-title":"J Agromed"},{"issue":"5","key":"9574_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1275","volume":"46","author":"A Seidler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seidler A, Hellenbrand W, Robra BP, et al. Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study in Germany. Neurology. 1996;46(5):1275\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9574_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-8-6","volume":"8","author":"DB Hancock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hancock DB, Martin ER, Mayhew GM, et al. Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a family-based case-control study. BMC Neurol. 2008;8:6.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70259-0","volume":"14","author":"CM Tanner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tanner CM, Goldman SM. Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Clin. 1996;14(2):317\u201335.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"9574_CR26","unstructured":"Goldberg DW, Zhang, X, Marusek JC, Wilson JP, Ritz B, Cockburn MG. Development of an automated pesticide exposure analyst for California\u2019s central valley. Proceedings of the urban and regional information systems association GIS in public health conference. 2007;136\u201356 http:\/\/www.dwgold.com\/conferences\/Proceedings\/urisaHealth2007.pdf ."},{"issue":"9","key":"9574_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20513","volume":"20","author":"GA Kang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kang GA, Bronstein JM, Masterman DL, Redelings M, Crum JA, Ritz B. Clinical characteristics in early Parkinson\u2019s disease in a central California population-based study. Mov Disord. 2005;20(9):1133\u201342.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"9574_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6118","volume":"111","author":"RP Rull","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rull RP, Ritz B. Historical pesticide exposure in California using pesticide use reports and land-use surveys: an assessment of misclassification error and bias. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111(12):1582\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"9574_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01056333","volume":"13","author":"G Chester","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chester G, Ward RJ. Occupational exposure and drift hazard during aerial application of paraquat to cotton. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1984;13(5):551\u201363.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9574_CR30","first-page":"399","volume":"14","author":"JA McElroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"McElroy JA, Remington PL, Trentham-Dietz A, Robert SA, Newcomb PA. Geocoding addresses from a large population-based study: lessons learned. Epidemiology. 2003;14(4):399\u2013407.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"9574_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/79.2.459","volume":"79","author":"GB MacCollom","year":"1986","unstructured":"MacCollom GB. Drift comparisons between aerial and ground orchard application. J Econ Entomol. 1986;79:459\u201364.","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9574_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1371.074","volume":"1076","author":"B Ritz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ritz B, Costello S. Geographic model and biomarker-derived measures of pesticide exposure and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1076:378\u201387.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"9574_CR33","unstructured":"CDWR. Land use survey (2010). Available from: http:\/\/www.water.ca.gov\/landwateruse\/lusrvymain.cfm . Cited 5 May 2010."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"9574_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.06.024","volume":"51","author":"JY Chan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan JY, Chan SH, Dai KY, Cheng HL, Chou JL, Chang AY. Cholinergic-receptor-independent dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP depletion underlie necrotic cell death induced by the organophosphate poison mevinphos. Neuropharmacology. 2006;51(7\u20138):1109\u201319.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9574_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.12.020","volume":"204","author":"JM Hatcher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hatcher JM, Richardson JR, Guillot TS, et al. Dieldrin exposure induces oxidative damage in the mouse nigrostriatal dopamine system. Exp Neurol. 2007;204(2):619\u201330.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9574_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000071194","volume":"22","author":"I Baldi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baldi I, Cantagrel A, Lebailly P, et al. Association between Parkinson\u2019s disease and exposure to pesticides in southwestern France. Neuroepidemiology. 2003;22(5):305\u201310.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9574_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.027003","volume":"64","author":"FD Dick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dick FD, De Palma G, Ahmadi A, et al. Environmental risk factors for Parkinson\u2019s disease and parkinsonism: the Geoparkinson study. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64(10):666\u201372.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9574_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.1.91","volume":"62","author":"JA Firestone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Firestone JA, Smith-Weller T, Franklin G, Swanson P, Longstreth WT Jr, Checkoway H. Pesticides and risk of Parkinson disease: a population-based case-control study. Arch Neurol. 2005;62(1):91\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9574_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21009","volume":"21","author":"R Frigerio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frigerio R, Sanft KR, Grossardt BR, et al. Chemical exposures and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a population-based case-control study. Mov Disord. 2006;21(10):1688\u201392.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"9574_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.01.008","volume":"10","author":"A Nuti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nuti A, Ceravolo R, Dell\u2019Agnello G, et al. Environmental factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study in the Tuscany region of Italy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004;10(8):481\u20135.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:24:12Z","timestamp":1560126252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0393-2990","1573-7284"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0393-2990","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7284","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]}}}