{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:15:46Z","timestamp":1790154946668,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2007-1762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007-1762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T13:47:26Z","timestamp":1567777646000},"page":"1161-1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Validation of multiple sclerosis diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantelle","family":"Murley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Friberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hillert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Alexanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.2.435","volume":"25","author":"HT Sorensen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sorensen HT, Sabroe S, Olsen J. A framework for evaluation of secondary data sources for epidemiological research. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(2):435\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811402719","volume":"39","author":"J Olsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olsen J. Register-based research: some methodological considerations. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(3):225\u20139. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494811402719\n\n.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2016.02.010","volume":"22","author":"A Wennman-Larsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wennman-Larsen A, Nilsson MI, Saboonchi F, Olsson M, Alexanderson K, Fornander T, et al. Can breast cancer register data on recommended adjuvant treatment be used as a proxy for actually given treatment? Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2016;22:1\u20137. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejon.2016.02.010\n\n.","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y","volume":"31","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy A-KE, Ljung R, Micha\u00eblsson K, Neovius M, et al. Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31(2):125\u201336.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","volume":"11","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim JL, Reuterwall C, et al. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:450. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450\n\n.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.07.003","volume":"9","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Butzkueven H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Hobart J, Kobelt G, Pepper G, et al. Brain health: time matters in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;9(Suppl 1):S5\u201348. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2016.07.003\n\n.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30443-5","author":"GMS Collaborators","year":"2019","unstructured":"GMS Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30443-5\n\n.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00014-5","volume":"122","author":"C Confavreux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Confavreux C, Vukusic S. The clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;122:343\u201369. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00014-5\n\n.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511403794","volume":"17","author":"C Ahlgren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahlgren C, Oden A, Lycke J. High nationwide prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sweden. Mult Scler. 2011;17(8):901\u20138. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458511403794\n\n.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"2","key":"558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):162\u201373. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2\n\n.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.05.011","volume":"24","author":"N McNicholas","year":"2018","unstructured":"McNicholas N, Hutchinson M, McGuigan C, Chataway J. 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria: a review of the evidence. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018;24:48\u201354. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.05.011\n\n.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"558_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.012","volume":"13","author":"R Milo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Milo R, Miller A. Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(4\u20135):518\u201324. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.012\n\n.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000006583","volume":"92","author":"AJ Solomon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Solomon AJ, Naismith RT, Cross AH. Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis: impact of the 2017 McDonald criteria on clinical practice. Neurology. 2019;92(1):26\u201333. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000006583\n\n.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"558_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308675","volume":"86","author":"WJ Brownlee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brownlee WJ, Swanton JK, Altmann DR, Ciccarelli O, Miller DH. Earlier and more frequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis using the McDonald criteria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(5):584\u20135. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308675\n\n.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000006584","volume":"92","author":"WJ Brownlee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brownlee WJ. Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis: if you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail? Neurology. 2019;92(1)15\u201316.\u00a0\u00a0\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000006584\n\n.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1016","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000007043","volume":"92","author":"WJ Culpepper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Culpepper WJ, Marrie RA, Langer-Gould A, Wallin MT, Campbell JD, Nelson LM, et al. Validation of an algorithm for identifying MS cases in administrative health claims datasets. Neurology. 2019;92(10):e1016\u20131028.\u00a0\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000007043\n\n.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"558_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1029","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000007035","volume":"92","author":"MT Wallin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wallin MT, Culpepper WJ, Campbell JD, Nelson LM, Langer-Gould A, Marrie RA, et al. The prevalence of MS in the United States: a population-based estimate using health claims data. Neurology. 2019;92(10):e1029\u20131040.\u00a0\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000007035\n\n.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514556303","volume":"21","author":"J Widdifield","year":"2015","unstructured":"Widdifield J, Ivers NM, Young J, Green D, Jaakkimainen L, Butt DA, et al. Development and validation of an administrative data algorithm to estimate the disease burden and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Ontario, Canada. Mult Scler. 2015;21(8):1045\u201354. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458514556303\n\n.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"11","key":"558_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y","volume":"24","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, Ekbom A. The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(11):659\u201367. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y\n\n.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"558_CR20","unstructured":"The National Patient Register. National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen). 2018. \nhttp:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/register\/halsodataregister\/patientregistret\/inenglish\n\n. Accessed 30 April 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294","volume":"16","author":"B Wettermark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wettermark B, Hammar N, Fored CM,\u00a0 Leimanis A, Otterblad Olausson P, Bergman U, et al. The new Swedish Prescribed Drug Register\u2014opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months. Pharmacoepidemioland Drug Saf. 2007;16(7):726\u2013735.\u00a0\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1294\n\n.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemioland Drug Saf"},{"key":"558_CR22","unstructured":"The Cause of Death Register (D\u00f6dsorsaksregistret (in Swedish)). National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen). 2018. \nhttp:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/register\/dodsorsaksregistret\n\n#. Accessed 30 April 2018."},{"key":"558_CR23","unstructured":"Swedish Neuro Registry. Swedish Neuro Registries: Multiple Sclerosis. 2018. \nhttp:\/\/www.neuroreg.se\/en.html\/multiple-sclerosis\n\n. Accessed 30 April 2018."},{"issue":"199","key":"558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12425","volume":"132","author":"J Hillert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hillert J, Stawiarz L. The Swedish MS registry\u2014clinical support tool and scientific resource. Acta Neurol Scand. 2015;132(199):11\u20139. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ane.12425\n\n.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"558_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000000948","volume":"30","author":"P Alping","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alping P, Piehl F, Langer-Gould A, Frisell T. Validation of the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Register: further improving a resource for pharmacoepidemiologic evaluations. Epidemiology. 2019;30(2):230\u20133. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ede.0000000000000948\n\n.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"558_CR26","unstructured":"Appendices to Open Comparisons of Healthcare Quality and Efficiency 2009: Indicator Descriptions, Coverage Comparison, and Health Consumption (Bilagor till \u00d6ppna j\u00e4mf\u00f6relser av h\u00e4lso- och sjukv\u00e5rdens kvalitet och effektivitet 2009: Indikatorbeskrivningar, T\u00e4ckningsgradsj\u00e4mf\u00f6relser, and V\u00e5rdkonsumtion (in Swedish)). Stockholm: Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and National Board of Health and Welfare (Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting och Socialstyrelsen); 2009."},{"key":"558_CR27","unstructured":"MiDAS: Sjukpenning och rehabiliteringspenning. (MiDAS: sickness benefit and rehabilitation benefit.) (in Swedish). Social Insurance Agency (F\u00f6rs\u00e4kringskassan). 2011. \nwww.forsakringskassan.se\n\n."},{"key":"558_CR28","unstructured":"Longitudinal integration database for sick leave and labour market studies (LISA) 1990\u20132013. (Longitudinell integrationsdatabas f\u00f6r sjukf\u00f6rs\u00e4krings- och arbetsmarknadsstudier (LISA) 1990\u20132013 (in Swedish)). \u00d6rebro: Statistics Sweden (Statistika centralbyr\u00e5n); 2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"558_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00511-8","volume":"34","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Svedberg P, Olen O, Bruze G, Neovius M. The longitudinal integrated database for health insurance and labour market studies (LISA) and its use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019;34(4):423\u201337. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00511-8\n\n.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"558_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.10.006","volume":"64","author":"EI Benchimol","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benchimol EI, Manuel DG, To T, Griffiths AM, Rabeneck L, Guttmann A. Development and use of reporting guidelines for assessing the quality of validation studies of health administrative data. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(8):821\u20139. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.10.006\n\n.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"558_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8513-0","volume":"264","author":"S Foulon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foulon S, Maura G, Dalichampt M, Alla F, Debouverie M, Moreau T, et al. Prevalence and mortality of patients with multiple sclerosis in France in 2012: a study based on French health insurance data. J Neurol. 2017;264(6):1185\u201392. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8513-0\n\n.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"558_CR32","unstructured":"National guidelines Care for multiple sclerosis and Parkinson\u2019s disease: support for steering and management (Nationella riktlinjer V\u00e5rd vid multipel skleros och Parkinsons sjukdom: St\u00f6d f\u00f6r styrning och ledning (in Swedish)). Falun: National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen); 2016."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T23:08:22Z","timestamp":1599260902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0393-2990","1573-7284"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0393-2990","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7284","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare the following interests based on ICMJE recommendations with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article: CM, EF, and FY received salaries partly funded\u00a0by an unrestricted research grant from Biogen. KA has received unrestricted research grants from Biogen. JH has received honoraria for serving on advisory boards or steering committees for Biogen, Merck, Sanofi-Genzyme and Novartis and speaker\u2019s fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck-Serono, Bayer-Schering, Teva and Sanofi-Genzyme. He has served as Principal Investigator for projects, or received unrestricted research support from, BiogenIdec, Merck-Serono, TEVA, Sanofi-Genzyme and Bayer-Schering and his research is also supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Brain Foundation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for the project was granted by the Regional Ethical Review Board of Stockholm, Sweden (Dnr: 2007\/762-31; 2009\/23-32; 2009\/1917-32; 2011\/1710-32; 2012\/863-32; and 2014\/236-32), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Due to the register-based nature of this project and given that all data were anonymised when delivered to us, we do not have information about the identity of those included in analyses. Accordingly, there was no informed consent from the patients involved, in line with the Ethical approval.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}