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We also studied recurrence risk of low birthweight, preterm birth and perinatal death. We followed all women in Norway from their first to their second singleton delivery at gestational week 22 or beyond during the years 1970\u20132019, a total of 654 100 women. Data were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Mean birthweight increased from the first to the second delivery, and the increase was highest in pregnancies conceived\u2009&lt;\u20096 months after the first delivery; adjusted mean birthweight increase 227\u00a0g (g) (95% CI; 219\u2013236\u00a0g), 90\u00a0g higher than in pregnancies conceived 6\u201311 months after the first delivery (137\u00a0g (95% CI; 130\u2013144\u00a0g)). After exclusion of women with a first stillbirth, the mean increase in birthweight at inter-pregnancy interval\u2009&lt;\u20096 months was attenuated (152\u00a0g, 95% CI; 143\u2013160\u00a0g), but remained higher than at longer inter-pregnancy intervals. This finding was particularly prominent in women\u2009&gt;\u200935 years (218\u00a0g, 95% CI; 139 \u2013298\u00a0g). In women with a first live born infant weighing\u2009&lt;\u20092500\u00a0g, mean birthweight increased by around 1000\u00a0g to the second delivery, and the increase was most prominent at &lt;\u20096 months inter-pregnancy interval. We found increased recurrence risk of preterm birth at inter-pregnancy interval\u2009&lt;\u20096 months, but no increased recurrence risk of low birthweight, small for gestational age infant or perinatal death. In conclusion, we found the highest mean increase in birthweight when the inter-pregnancy interval was short. Our results do not generally discourage short pregnancy intervals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-024-01148-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T03:40:31Z","timestamp":1724470831000},"page":"905-914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Short inter-pregnancy interval and birthweight: a reappraisal based on a follow-up study of all women in Norway with two singleton deliveries during 1970\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2756-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Eskild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Skau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Haavaldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola Didrik","family":"Saugstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jostein","family":"Grytten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.15.1809","volume":"295","author":"A Conde-Agudelo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Conde-Agudelo A, Rosas-Berm\u00fadez A, KafuryGoeta AC. 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