{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:31:01Z","timestamp":1757619061460,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004718","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has increased over the last decades, primarily among women of childbearing age. Several algorithms for identifying MS have been described in the literature, providing heterogeneous prevalence estimates. We compared five algorithms to identify MS in women of childbearing age and estimated MS prevalence by time period and age-group. The study population included women aged 15 to 49 years-old between 2005 and 2019, from three data sources including all women (from Italy, Norway, and Wales), and three including pregnant women only (from France, Finland, and Spain; data collected around pregnancy). Five algorithms were tested: MS1 to MS3 combined MS diagnoses and MS-medicine prescriptions\/dispensations, requiring 1, 2, or 3 occurrences, respectively; MS4 and MS5 used only MS diagnoses, requiring at least 2 occurrences (MS4 allowed just 1 if diagnosis was from inpatient care). In 2015\u20132019, MS prevalence based on MS1 ranged from 109 to 359 per 100,000 women: 109 in France, 121 in Spain, 195 in Wales, 232 in Finland, 264 in Italy, and 359 in Norway. More restrictive algorithms led to greater disparity, with MS3 ranging from 53 in Spain to 325 in Norway, and MS5 from 21 in France to 345 in Norway. All algorithms showed expected prevalence trends by time and age among women of childbearing age, though lower than in the literature. Overall, MS1 provided prevalence estimates most closely aligned with existing literature. This study offers key insights into choosing algorithms for identifying MS in women of childbearing age and in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-025-01264-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T04:11:53Z","timestamp":1752811913000},"page":"891-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying multiple sclerosis in women of childbearing age in six European countries: a contribution from the ConcePTION project"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5153-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Beslay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Geissb\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Belle","family":"Beau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Benevent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Ballardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"Barrachina-Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Cavero-Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Coldea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Garc\u00eda-Villodre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Geldhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Gini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarit K.","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lopez-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Manfrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Visa","family":"Martikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera R.","family":"Mitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hedvig","family":"Nordeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Puccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Vukusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan K.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Damase-Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1264_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, et al. 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Final study protocols for demonstration projects submitted to EU PAS register (D1.3). 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 30]; Available from: https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/7476130"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10654-025-01264-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10654-025-01264-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10654-025-01264-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T13:45:19Z","timestamp":1757252719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10654-025-01264-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-025-01264-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0393-2990","1573-7284"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0393-2990"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7284"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AG is an employee of Janssen Biologics B.V. and owns stock\/stock options in Johnson & Johnson, of which Janssen is a subsidiary. SLL and YG are employees of Novartis and own stock. All other co-authors have no competing interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Finland: Ethical approval is not required for register-based studies. Institutional Review Board at the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare approved the study and waived the requirement for obtaining informed consent for the secondary use of health administrative data from study participants (THL\/543\/6.02.00\/2021). Data were handled and stored in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. France: The EFEMERIS cohort was approved by the French Data Protection Authority on 7 April 2005 (authorization number 05-1140). This study was performed on anonymized patient data. The women included in the EFEMERIS database were informed of their inclusion and of the potential use of their anonymized data for research purposes. They could oppose the use of their data at any time. The women included in the EFEMERIS database know that their collected and anonymized data can be used for medical research purposes and can thus be published. The study was approved by the EFEMERIS steering group. Data were handled and stored in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. Italy: The study was approved by the local ethical committee (approval number 593\/2023\/Oss\/UniFe). Data were handled and stored in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation and in agreement with the Authority for Healthcare and Welfare, Emilia Romagna Regional Health Service, Bologna, Italy. Norway: The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Research Ethics in South-East Norway (approval number 85224) and by the Data Protection Officer at the University of Oslo (approval number 519858). Data were handled and stored in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. Spain (Valencian Region): The study (code: IMI-IMN-2019-01) was classified as an Observational Post-authorisation Study \u201cOther designs\u201d (EPA-OD) by Spanish Medicines Agency (AEMPS), available on: ; and approved by the Arnau de Vilanova Hospital\u2019s Clinical Research Ethics Committee on 29th January 2020, according to the Spanish regulations (approval number 1\/2020). At regional level following the national Personal Data Protection and guaranteeing digital rights (Law 3\/2018), the study was approved by the Commission of the Regional Government (PROSIGA) that has the right of giving RDRU Fisabio authorisation to process the data (references: SD2556; SD2577; SD2578; SD2579; SD2580; SD2581; SD2582). Wales: This study uses anonymised data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. The SAIL Databank independent Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP) approved the study as part of project 0823, on 16th October 2020.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}