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These registers have provided rich longitudinal data on healthcare use, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes, forming a robust foundation for observational research. The introduction of the national digital mailbox system, Digital Post, has added a powerful new dimension to this established research infrastructure. By enabling direct, secure, and authenticated communication with individual citizens, Digital Post extends register-based research beyond passive data collection to active engagement with the population. Because Digital Post is linked to a unique personal identification number, the Central Person Register (CPR) number, and access is protected by a national digital identity key, researchers can precisely define study populations within registers and contact eligible individuals at a nationwide and scalable level. This integration makes it possible to collect patient-reported outcomes and other self-reported data at a national scale and at low cost, complementing longitudinal register data, and facilitating recruitment of participants for research studies. This article describes the current Danish register-based research landscape and demonstrates how the addition of Digital Post expands its methodological possibilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-026-01408-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:21:55Z","timestamp":1783772515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Turning a nation into a cohort: combining national registers and a digital mailbox for population-based health research"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8157-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usamah","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9272-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason Joe","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0063-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6247-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugin","family":"Reistrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5462.2398","volume":"287","author":"L Frank","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frank L, Epidemiology. 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