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It recruited 2739 healthy, term, breastfed infants from 2014 to 2022 in Greater Melbourne, Australia. With an overall high retention rate despite the COVID-19 pandemic of over 83%, VITALITY is a rich cohort with extensive samples and data at baseline (six-12 weeks) and at six-, nine- and 12-months of age. Questionnaires collected information on demographics and environmental exposure, allergic diseases, infant feeding and factors thought to influence vitamin D levels at all timepoints. The majority of participants had a family history of allergic disease (89.2%) and 61.2% had both parents born in Australia. The standardized clinic visit at 12 months of age, attended by 79% of participants, included skin prick tests (SPT) +\/\u2212 oral food challenges (OFC) and eczema assessment. Biospecimen collection included blood, skin and nasal swabs, stool and breastmilk which can be used for multi-omics profiling. Overall we performed SPTs on 2151 infants and undertook 612 OFCs. A six year follow up of VITALITY participants is underway and will determine the effect of early-life vitamin D supplementation on outcomes of asthma and other allergic diseases, lung function, infection and oral health. VITALITY is a large longitudinal cohort with data collected at multiple timepoints in childhood on a range of health outcomes. It provides a unique opportunity to explore early-life risk factors including genetic and environmental markers for food allergy, asthma, other atopic and non-communicable diseases as the cohort matures, in addition to establishing the role of vitamin D as an early-life strategy for prevention of disease and sustaining immune health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-026-01437-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:08:40Z","timestamp":1791824920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["VITALITY \u2013 a longitudinal cohort established to assess the role of postnatal vitamin D supplementation in atopic disease and immune health"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jana K.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsandria","family":"Odoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Zannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Koplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Saffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyamali C.","family":"Dharmage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5683-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten P.","family":"Perrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the VITALITY Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1437_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.07.001","author":"VX Soriano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soriano VX, Allen KJ, Dharmage SC, Shifti DM, Perrett KP, Wijesuriya R, et al. 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There are no conflicts of interest declared by the other authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee Melbourne (09\/09\/2014, No. 34168) and VITALITY was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 2014-04-10.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents and legal guardians.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}