{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:47:22Z","timestamp":1791827242595,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The relationship between alcohol consumption and cause-specific mortality in adults aged\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u200970 years remain unclear. This study assessed the associations between alcohol consumption with risks of cause-specific mortality in older men.\u00a0This study included 4,582 London Civil Servants from the 1997\u201398 Whitehall-I Study resurvey with no prior cardiovascular disease or cancer. Alcohol consumption was self-reported by postal questionnaires and classified as abstainers (lifelong non-drinkers), ex-drinkers, or current drinkers. Current drinkers were further categorised by weekly intake: &lt;7, 7\u201313, 14\u201327, 28\u201341, and \u2265\u200942 units\/week.\u00a0During a mean follow up of 11.8 years, 4194 deaths (91%) occurred. Compared with light drinkers (&lt;\u20097 units\/week), all-cause mortality risk was highest among ex-drinkers (HR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.32) and those consuming\u2009\u2265\u200942 units\/week (HR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.15\u20131.67). Among current drinkers, increased alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.08 per 10 units\/week) and non-vascular mortality (HR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.09), but not vascular mortality (HR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.10). The findings were unaltered by excluding deaths in the first five years of follow-up.\u00a0The study distinguished ex-drinkers from never-drinkers and excluded participants with major disease to minimise the potential for reverse-causation bias. Alcohol consumption in older men was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, with heavy drinkers experiencing a 38% higher mortality risk than light drinkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-026-01465-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:08:57Z","timestamp":1791824937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alcohol consumption and cause-specific mortality in older men: Whitehall-1 study of London civil servants"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3922-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sodiq","family":"Yusuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0707-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Fohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9559-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Sherliker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Kivimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7792-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Emberson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9183-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Lewington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2624-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pek Kei","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8724-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1465_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.r681","volume":"389","author":"J Wise","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wise J. 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All study participants provided written informed consent for follow-up of their vital status and cause of death in the event of their death.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}