{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:44:42Z","timestamp":1784202282340,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6683-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T04:59:17Z","timestamp":1525409957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence of selected pharmaceuticals in surface water receiving untreated sewage in northwest Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Aisha","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilawar Farhan","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waliullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shams Ali","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6683_CR1","unstructured":"Al Aukidy, M. (2013). Environmental risk of pharmaceuticals in waters: Investigation on their occurrence and removal in conventional treatment plants. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ferrara, Italy"},{"key":"6683_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, J., Zhou, Q., Sun, F., & Zhang, L. (2009). Ecotoxicological effects of paracetamol on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169(1), 751\u2013757.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.04.011"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"6683_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.04.062","volume":"333","author":"D Ashton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ashton, D., Hilton, M., & Thomas, K. V. (2004). Investigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom. Science of the Total Environment, 333(1\u20133), 167\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.04.062.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"6683_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.01.060","volume":"1218","author":"DR Baker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baker, D. R., & Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. (2011). Multi-residue analysis of drugs of abuse in wastewater and surface water by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography\u2013positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218(12), 1620\u20131631.","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.03.012","volume":"122","author":"D Bendz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bendz, D., Paxeus, N. A., Ginn, T. R., & Loge, F. J. (2005). Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hoje River in Sweden. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 122(3), 195\u2013204.","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-003-0672-7","volume":"65","author":"AL Boreen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boreen, A. L., Arnold, W. A., & McNeill, K. (2003). Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a review. Aquatic Sciences, 65(4), 320\u2013341.","journal-title":"Aquatic Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"6683_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1897\/05-426R.1","volume":"25","author":"GL Brun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brun, G. L., Bernier, M., Losier, R., Doe, K., Jackman, P., & Lee, H. B. (2006). Pharmaceutically active compounds in Atlantic Canadian sewage treatment plant effluents and receiving waters, and potential for environmental effects as measured by acute and chronic aquatic toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(8), 2163\u20132176.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.06.035","volume":"364","author":"C Carlsson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carlsson, C., Johansson, A.-K., Alvan, G., Bergman, K., & K\u00fchler, T. (2006). Are pharmaceuticals potent environmental pollutants? Part I: environmental risk assessments of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients. Science of the Total Environment, 364(1), 67\u201387.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.11.021","volume":"96","author":"V Christen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christen, V., Hickmann, S., Rechenberg, B., & Fent, K. (2010). Highly active human pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems: a concept for their identification based on their mode of action. Aquatic Toxicology, 96(3), 167\u2013181.","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"6683_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.061","volume":"449","author":"JM Cortes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cortes, J. M., Larsson, E., & Jonsson, J. \u00c5. (2013). Study of the uptake of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in wheat and soybean after application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer. Science of the Total Environment, 449, 385\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.061 .","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"9","key":"6683_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.599","volume":"30","author":"F Cuklev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cuklev, F., Kristiansson, E., Fick, J., Asker, N., F\u00f6rlin, L., & Larsson, D. (2011). Diclofenac in fish: blood plasma levels similar to human therapeutic levels affect global hepatic gene expression. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 30(9), 2126\u20132134.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/12269328.2011.10541328","volume":"14","author":"DM Cuong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cuong, D. M., Kim, K.-W., Toan, T. Q., & Phu, T. D. (2011). Review: source, fate, toxicological effect and removal technology of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Geosystem Engineering, 14(1), 35\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12269328.2011.10541328 .","journal-title":"Geosystem Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0015-y","volume":"1","author":"RP Deo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deo, R. P. (2014). Pharmaceuticals in the surface water of the USA: a review. Current Environmental Health Reports, 1(2), 113\u2013122.","journal-title":"Current Environmental Health Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.10.003","volume":"36","author":"A Ginebreda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ginebreda, A., Mu\u00f1oz, I., de Alda, M. L., Brix, R., L\u00f3pez-Doval, J., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2010). Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in rivers: relationships between hazard indexes and aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity indexes in the Llobregat River (NE Spain). Environment International, 36(2), 153\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2009.10.003.","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.05.024","volume":"70","author":"M Gros","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gros, M., Petrovi\u0107, M., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2006). Development of a multi-residue analytical methodology based on liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) for screening and trace level determination of pharmaceuticals in surface and wastewaters. Talanta, 70(4), 678\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.05.024 .","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.10.015","volume":"71","author":"M Grung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grung, M., K\u00e4llqvist, T., Sakshaug, S., Skurtveit, S., & Thomas, K. V. (2008). Environmental assessment of Norwegian priority pharmaceuticals based on the EMEA guideline. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 71(2), 328\u2013340.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1897\/05-193R.1","volume":"25","author":"GH Han","year":"2006","unstructured":"Han, G. H., Hur, H. G., & Kim, S. D. (2006). Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(1), 265\u2013271.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6683_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00041-3","volume":"131","author":"T Heberer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heberer, T. (2002). Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicology Letters, 131(1\u20132), 5\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00041-3 .","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"issue":"6","key":"6683_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0394-5","volume":"385","author":"MD Hernando","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hernando, M. D., Heath, E., Petrovic, M., & Barcelo, D. (2006). Trace-level determination of pharmaceutical residues by LC-MS\/MS in natural and treated waters. A pilot-survey study. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 385(6), 985\u2013991.","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6683_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(03)01213-5","volume":"1015","author":"MJ Hilton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hilton, M. J., & Thomas, K. V. (2003). Determination of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in effluent and surface water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1015(1\u20132), 129\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9673(03)01213-5 .","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2005.07.006","volume":"75","author":"B Hoeger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoeger, B., K\u00f6llner, B., Dietrich, D. R., & Hitzfeld, B. (2005). Water-borne diclofenac affects kidney and gill integrity and selected immune parameters in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario). Aquatic Toxicology, 75(1), 53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2005.07.006 .","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"6683_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, O., Voulvoulis, N., & Lester, J. (2003). Analytical method development for the simultaneous determination of five human pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater samples by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Chromatographia, 58(7\u20138), 471\u2013477.","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337-003-0087-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.11.029","volume":"157","author":"N Jonkers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jonkers, N., Kohler, H.-P. E., Dammsh\u00e4user, A., & Giger, W. (2009). Mass flows of endocrine disruptors in the Glatt River during varying weather conditions. Environmental Pollution, 157(3), 714\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.11.029 .","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.05.074","volume":"1161","author":"B Kasprzyk-Hordern","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2007). Multi-residue method for the determination of basic\/neutral pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface water by solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography\u2013positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1161(1), 132\u2013145.","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"13","key":"6683_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.04.026","volume":"42","author":"B Kasprzyk-Hordern","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2008). The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK. Water Research, 42(13), 3498\u20133518.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.10.047","volume":"43","author":"B Kasprzyk-Hordern","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2009). The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water Research, 43(2), 363\u2013380.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"51","key":"6683_CR27","first-page":"11236","volume":"11","author":"N Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan, N., Hussain, S. T., Saboor, A., Jamila, N., Ahmed, S., Ullah, R., et al. (2012). Bacteriological investigation of ground water sources in selected urban areas of district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(51), 11236\u201311241.","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2006.11.017","volume":"33","author":"Y Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Choi, K., Jung, J., Park, S., Kim, P.-G., & Park, J. (2007). Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea. Environment International, 33(3), 370\u2013375.","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh325","volume":"54","author":"K Kummerer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kummerer, K. (2004). Resistance in the environment. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 54(2), 311\u2013320.","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6683_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.05.030","volume":"358","author":"M Kuster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuster, M., L\u00f3pez de Alda, M. J., Hernando, M. D., Petrovic, M., Mart\u00edn-Alonso, J., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2008). Analysis and occurrence of pharmaceuticals, estrogens, progestogens and polar pesticides in sewage treatment plant effluents, river water and drinking water in the Llobregat river basin (Barcelona, Spain). Journal of Hydrology, 358(1\u20132), 112\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.05.030 .","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1723","volume":"31","author":"JR Lawrence","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lawrence, J. R., Zhu, B., Swerhone, G. D., Roy, J., Tumber, V., Waiser, M. J., et al. (2012). Molecular and microscopic assessment of the effects of caffeine, acetaminophen, diclofenac, and their mixtures on river biofilm communities. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(3), 508\u2013517.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.12.005","volume":"185","author":"JC Madden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madden, J. C., Enoch, S. J., Hewitt, M., & Cronin, M. T. D. (2009). Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Good practice in predicting acute ecotoxicological effects. Toxicology Letters, 185(2), 85\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.12.005 .","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"key":"6683_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.04.068","volume":"239","author":"J Martin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martin, J., Camacho-Munoz, D., Santos, J., Aparicio, I., & Alonso, E. (2012). Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and sludge from wastewater treatment plants: removal and ecotoxicological impact of wastewater discharges and sludge disposal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 239, 40\u201347.","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"6","key":"6683_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1021\/es903702m","volume":"44","author":"AC Mehinto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mehinto, A. C., Hill, E. M., & Tyler, C. R. (2010). Uptake and biological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical diclofenac in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environmental Science & Technology, 44(6), 2176\u20132182.","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"6683_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.05.009","volume":"70","author":"A Mendoza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendoza, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Gil, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso, S., Mastroianni, N., de Alda, M. L., Barcel\u00f3, D., et al. (2014). Drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines in the Madrid Region (Central Spain): seasonal variation in river waters, occurrence in tap water and potential environmental and human risk. Environment International, 70, 76\u201387.","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"10","key":"6683_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1039\/c1em10335k","volume":"13","author":"S Mompelat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mompelat, S., Thomas, O., & Le Bot, B. (2011). Contamination levels of human pharmaceutical compounds in French surface and drinking water. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13(10), 2929\u20132939.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring"},{"key":"6683_CR37","unstructured":"Nasir, M. A., Hashmi, R. I., & Ahmad, N. S. (2012). Drug utilization patterns in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 62, 426\u2013429."},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-1035-8","volume":"387","author":"A Nikolaou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nikolaou, A., Meric, S., & Fatta, D. (2007). Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 387(4), 1225\u20131234.","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200600269","volume":"30","author":"M Pedrouzo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pedrouzo, M., Reverte, S., Borrull, F., Pocurull, E., & Marce, R. M. (2007). Pharmaceutical determination in surface and wastewaters using high-performance liquid chromatography-(electrospray)-mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 30(3), 297\u2013303.","journal-title":"Journal of Separation Science"},{"key":"6683_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.01.121","volume":"479\u2013480","author":"J Robles-Molina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robles-Molina, J., Gilbert-L\u00f3pez, B., Garc\u00eda-Reyes, J. F., & Molina-D\u00edaz, A. (2014). Monitoring of selected priority and emerging contaminants in the Guadalquivir River and other related surface waters in the province of Ja\u00e9n, South East Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 479\u2013480, 247\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.01.121 .","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00257-1","volume":"144","author":"H Sanderson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sanderson, H., Johnson, D. J., Wilson, C. J., Brain, R. A., & Solomon, K. R. (2003). Probabilistic hazard assessment of environmentally occurring pharmaceuticals toxicity to fish, daphnids and algae by ECOSAR screening. Toxicology Letters, 144(3), 383\u2013395.","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12566-011-0026-1","volume":"4","author":"B Strehlitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strehlitz, B., Reinemann, C., Linkorn, S., & Stoltenburg, R. (2012). Aptamers for pharmaceuticals and their application in environmental analytics. Bioanalytical Reviews, 4(1), 1\u201330.","journal-title":"Bioanalytical Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"6683_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00453-1","volume":"40","author":"F Stuer-Lauridsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stuer-Lauridsen, F., Birkved, M., Hansen, L., L\u00fctzh\u00f8ft, H.-C. H., & Halling-S\u00f8rensen, B. (2000). Environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals in Denmark after normal therapeutic use. Chemosphere, 40(7), 783\u2013793.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"11","key":"6683_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00099-2","volume":"32","author":"TA Ternes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ternes, T. A. (1998). Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers. Water Research, 32(11), 3245\u20133260.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"6683_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ternes, T. A., Joss, A., & Siegrist, H. (2004). Scrutinizing pharmaceuticals and personal care products inwastewater treatment. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(20), 392A\u2013399A..","DOI":"10.1021\/es040639t"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.05.039","volume":"5","author":"T Thiebault","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thiebault, T., Boussafir, M., & Le Milbeau, C. (2017). Occurrence and removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals in an urban wastewater treatment plant: mass balance, fate and consumption assessment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(3), 2894\u20132902.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"6683_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2004.02.028","volume":"49","author":"KV Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas, K. V., & Hilton, M. J. (2004). The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49(5\u20136), 436\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2004.02.028 .","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"6683_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.12.006","volume":"41","author":"Y Valc\u00e1rcel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valc\u00e1rcel, Y., Mart\u00ednez, F., Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso, S., Segura, Y., Catal\u00e1, M., Molina, R., Montero-Rubio, J. C., Mastroianni, N., L\u00f3pez de Alda, M., Postigo, C., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2012). Drugs of abuse in surface and tap waters of the Tagus River basin: heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is effective in their degradation. Environment International, 41, 35\u201343.","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"5","key":"6683_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.01.013","volume":"47","author":"M Aa Van der","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van der Aa, M., Bijlsma, L., Emke, E., Dijkman, E., Van Nuijs, A. L., Van de Ven, B., et al. (2013). Risk assessment for drugs of abuse in the Dutch watercycle. Water Research, 47(5), 1848\u20131857.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"6683_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.028","volume":"429","author":"P Verlicchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verlicchi, P., Al Aukidy, M., & Zambello, E. (2012). Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in urban wastewater: removal, mass load and environmental risk after a secondary treatment\u2014a review. Science of the Total Environment, 429, 123\u2013155.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"10","key":"6683_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.04.033","volume":"159","author":"E Vulliet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vulliet, E., & Cren-Oliv\u00e9, C. (2011). Screening of pharmaceuticals and hormones at the regional scale, in surface and groundwaters intended to human consumption. Environmental Pollution, 159(10), 2929\u20132934.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"16","key":"6683_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.04.047","volume":"408","author":"L Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, L., Ying, G.-G., Zhao, J.-L., Yang, X.-B., Chen, F., Tao, R., Liu, S., & Zhou, L. J. (2010). Occurrence and risk assessment of acidic pharmaceuticals in the Yellow River, Hai River and Liao River of north China. Science of the Total Environment, 408(16), 3139\u20133147.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"6683_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.07.002","volume":"138","author":"M Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu, M., Xiang, J., Que, C., Chen, F., & Xu, G. (2015). Occurrence and fate of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the urban water system of Shanghai, China. Chemosphere, 138, 486\u2013493.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"8","key":"6683_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.07.086","volume":"73","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Geiben, S.-U., & Gal, C. (2008). Carbamazepine and diclofenac: removal in wastewater treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies. Chemosphere, 73(8), 1151\u20131161.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"6683_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.161","volume":"29","author":"JL Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao, J. L., Ying, G. G., Liu, Y. S., Chen, F., Yang, J. F., Wang, L., Yang, X. B., Stauber, J. L., & Warne, M. S. (2010). Occurrence and a screening-level risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals in the Pearl River system, South China. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(6), 1377\u20131384.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1065\/espr2006.01.004","volume":"13","author":"E Zuccato","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zuccato, E., Castiglioni, S., Fanelli, R., Reitano, G., Bagnati, R., Chiabrando, C., Pomati, F., Rossetti, C., & Calamari, D. (2006). Pharmaceuticals in the environment in Italy: causes, occurrence, effects and control. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 13(1), 15\u201321.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-018-6683-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-018-6683-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-018-6683-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T14:11:19Z","timestamp":1720275079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-018-6683-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-018-6683-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-6369","1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-6369","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"324"}}