{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:36:47Z","timestamp":1778013407999,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7503-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1558692201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Levels of trace elements in PM10 collected at roadsides of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and exposure risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Asamene","family":"Embiale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feleke","family":"Zewge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhagwan Singh","family":"Chandravanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Endalkachew","family":"Sahle-Demessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR1","first-page":"49","volume":"5","author":"T Alok","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alok, T. (2011). Urban air pollution caused by automobiles in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and its health consequences. The IUP Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(3), 49\u201358.","journal-title":"The IUP Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR2","first-page":"636","volume":"25","author":"K Aziz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aziz, K., Ali, Z., Nasir, Z. A., & Colbeck, I. (2015). Comparative study of particulate matter in the transport microenvironment (buses) of Pakistan and UK. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 25(3), 636\u2013643.","journal-title":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"7503_CR3","first-page":"373","volume":"178","author":"S Basha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Basha, S., Gaur, P. M., Thorat, R. B., Trivedi, R. H., Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Anand, N., Desai, S. H., Mody, K., & Jha, B. (2006). Heavy metal content of suspended particulate matter at world\u2019s largest ship-breaking yard, Alang-Sosiya, India. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 178(1\u20134), 373\u2013384.","journal-title":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution"},{"issue":"12","key":"7503_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-6348-x","volume":"189","author":"NU Benson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benson, N. U., Anake, W. U., Adedapo, A. E., Fred-Ahmadu, O. H., & Ayejuyo, O. O. (2017). Toxic metals in cigarettes and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(12), 619. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-017-6348-x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"7503_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/15459621003729966","volume":"7","author":"A Cattaneo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cattaneo, A., Taronna, M., Consonni, D., Angius, S., Costamagna, P., & Cavallo, D. M. (2010). Personal exposure of traffic police officers to particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and benzene in the city of Milan, Italy. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 7(6), 342\u2013351.","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene"},{"key":"7503_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Celo, V., & Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E. (2010). Concentration and source origin of trace metals in PM2.5 collected at selected Canadian sites within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance Program. Environmental Science and Engineering, 19\u201338. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-12278-1_2\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12278-1_2"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR7","first-page":"58","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, H., & Goldberg, M. S. (2009). The effects of outdoor air pollution on chronic illnesses. McGill Journal of Medicine, 12(1), 58\u201364.","journal-title":"McGill Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"7503_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crilley, L. R. (2014). Elemental composition of ambient fine particles in urban schools: sources of children\u2019s exposure. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 14, 1906\u20131916.","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2014.04.0077"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2014.09.0226","volume":"15","author":"Q-L Dai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dai, Q.-L., Bi, X.-H., Wu, J.-H., Zhang, Y.-F., Wang, J., Xu, H., Yao, L., Jiao, L., & Feng, Y.-C. (2015). Characterization and source identification of heavy metals in ambient PM10 and PM2.5 in an integrated iron and steel industry zone compared with a background site. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 15(3), 875\u2013887.","journal-title":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research"},{"key":"7503_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.05.013","volume":"59","author":"A de Nazelle","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Nazelle, A., Fruin, S., Westerdahl, D., Martinez, D., Ripoll, A., Kubesch, N., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2012). A travel mode comparison of commuters\u2019 exposures to air pollutants in Barcelona. Atmospheric Environment, 59, 151\u2013159.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"14","key":"7503_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3109\/08958370902822875","volume":"21","author":"JJ Devi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Devi, J. J., Gupta, T., Tripathi, S. N., & Ujinwal, K. K. (2009). Assessment of personal exposure to inhalable indoor and outdoor particulate matter for student residents of an academic campus (IIT-Kanpur). Inhalation Toxicology, 21(14), 1208\u20131222.","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2011.620708","volume":"93","author":"DH Do","year":"2013","unstructured":"Do, D. H., Van Langenhove, H., Walgraeve, C., Hayleeyesus, S. F., De Wispelaere, P., Dewulf, J., & Demeestere, K. (2013). Volatile organic compounds in an urban environment: a comparison among Belgium, Vietnam and Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 93(3), 298\u2013314.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"7503_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-014-1219-4","volume":"92","author":"S dos Anjos Paulino","year":"2014","unstructured":"dos Anjos Paulino, S., Oliveira, R. L., Loyola, J., Minho, A. S., Arbilla, G., Quiterio, S. L., & Escaleira, V. (2014). Trace metals in PM10 and PM2.5 samples collected in a highly industrialized chemical\/petrochemical area and its urbanized surroundings. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92(5), 590\u2013595.","journal-title":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7503_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2012.026","volume":"3","author":"B Dubey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dubey, B., Pal, A. K., & Singh, G. (2012). Trace metal composition of airborne particulate matter in the coal mining and non\u2013mining areas of Dhanbad Region, Jharkhand, India. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3(2), 238\u2013246.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollution Research"},{"key":"7503_CR15","unstructured":"ECSA (2012). Statistical report on the 2012 urban employment unemployment survey. \n                    http:\/\/adapt.it\/adaptindice-a-z\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/survey-unemployment.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 12 Nov 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"7503_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001253","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001253","volume":"2","author":"CE Ekpenyong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ekpenyong, C. E., Ettebong, E. O., Akpan, E. E., Samson, T. K., & Daniel, N. E. (2012). Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open, 2(5), e001253. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001253\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"7503_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Embiale, A., Zewge, F., Chandravanshi, B. S., & Sahle-Demessie, E. (2018). Commuter exposure to particulate matters and total volatile organic compounds at roadsides in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1\u201314. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13762-018-2116-x\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-018-2116-x"},{"issue":"40","key":"7503_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.08.033","volume":"39","author":"V Etyemezian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Etyemezian, V., Tesfaye, M., Yimer, A., Chow, J., Mesfin, D., Nega, T., Nikolich, G., Watsom, J. G., & Wondmagegn, M. (2005). Results from a pilot-scale air quality study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Atmospheric Environment, 39(40), 7849\u20137860.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"7503_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortoul, T. I., Rodriguez-Lara, V., Gonzalez-Villalva, A., Rojas-Lemus, M., Colin-Barenque, L., Bizarro-Nevares, P., Garc\u00eda-Pel\u00e1ez, I., Ustarroz-Cano, M., L\u00f3pez-Zepeda, S., Cervantes-Y\u00e9pez, S., L\u00f3pez-Valdez, N., Mel\u00e9ndez-Garc\u00eda, N., Espinosa-Zurutuza, M., Cano-Gutierrez, G., & Cano-Rodr\u00edguez, M. C. (2015). Health effects of metals in particulate matter, 571-608. doi:10.5772\/59749.","DOI":"10.5772\/59749"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4314\/bcse.v24i3.60787","volume":"24","author":"G Gebre","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gebre, G., Feleke, Z., & Sahle-Demissie, E. (2010). Mass concentrations and elemental composition of urban atmospheric aerosols in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 24(3), 361\u2013373.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.09.036","volume":"38","author":"J Gulliver","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gulliver, J., & Briggs, D. J. (2004). Personal exposure to particulate air pollution in transport microenvironments. Atmospheric Environment, 38(1), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"34","key":"7503_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.05.023","volume":"41","author":"J Gulliver","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gulliver, J., & Briggs, D. J. (2007). Journey-time exposure to particulate air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 41(34), 7195\u20137207.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"7503_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2018.07.006","volume":"213","author":"Y Hao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hao, Y., Meng, X., Yu, X., Lei, M., Li, W., Shi, F., Yang, W., Zhang, S., & Xie, S. (2018). Characteristics of trace elements in PM 2.5 and PM 10 of Chifeng, northeast China: insights into spatiotemporal variations and sources. Atmospheric Research, 213, 550\u2013561.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"7503_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.039","volume":"146","author":"S Izhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Izhar, S., Goel, A., Chakraborty, A., & Gupta, T. (2016). Annual trends in occurrence of submicron particles in ambient air and health risk posed by particle bound metals. Chemosphere, 146, 582\u2013590.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2478\/cee-2014-0004","volume":"10","author":"D Janda\u010dka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janda\u010dka, D., & \u010eur\u010dansk\u00e1, D. (2014). Particulate matter assessment in the air based on the heavy metals presence. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 10(1), 26\u201329.","journal-title":"Civil and Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"7503_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.036","volume":"490","author":"A Karanasiou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karanasiou, A., Viana, M., Querol, X., Moreno, T., & de Leeuw, F. (2014). Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution during commuting in European cities-recommendations and policy implications. Science of the Total Environment, 490, 785\u2013797.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"7503_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.06.039","volume":"60","author":"FJ Kelly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelly, F. J., & Fussell, J. C. (2012). Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmospheric Environment, 60, 504\u2013526.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"7503_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2011.02.005","volume":"14","author":"PL Kinney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kinney, P. L., Gichuru, M. G., Volavka-Close, N., Ngo, N., Ndiba, P. K., Law, A., Gachanja, A., Gaita, S. M., Chillrud, S. N., & Scclar, E. (2011). Traffic impacts on PM(2.5) air quality in Nairobi, Kenya. Environmental Science and Policy, 14(4), 369\u2013378.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR29","first-page":"156","volume":"24","author":"A Kume","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kume, A., Charles, K., Berehane, Y., Anders, E., & Ali, A. (2010). Magnitude and variation of traffic air pollution as measured by CO in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 24(3), 156\u2013166.","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"7503_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s40009-012-0085-z","volume":"35","author":"R Kushwaha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kushwaha, R., Lal, H., Srivastava, A., & Jain, V. K. (2012). Human exposure to particulate matter and their risk assessment over Delhi, India. National Academy Science Letters, 35(6), 497\u2013504.","journal-title":"National Academy Science Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"7503_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.60.2.130","volume":"60","author":"K Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, K., Sohn, H., & Putti, K. (2012). In-vehicle exposures to particulate matter and black carbon. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 60(2), 130\u2013136.","journal-title":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-008-0021-z","volume":"1","author":"M Leili","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leili, M., Naddafi, K., Nabizadeh, R., Yunesian, M., & Mesdaghinia, A. (2008). The study of TSP and PM10 concentration and their heavy metal content in central area of Tehran, Iran. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 1(3), 159\u2013166.","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"7503_CR33","first-page":"1051","volume":"108","author":"JI Levy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levy, J. I., Houseman, E. A., Ryan, L., Richardson, D., & Spengler, J. D. (2000). Particle concentrations in urban microenvironments. Health Persipective, 108(11), 1051\u20131057.","journal-title":"Health Persipective"},{"key":"7503_CR34","unstructured":"Liu, K., Shang, Q., Wan, C., Song, P., Ma, C., & Cao, L. (2017). Characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 during a typical haze episode in rural and urban areas in Taiyuan, China. Atmosphere, 9(1), 1\u201314."},{"issue":"2","key":"7503_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"K Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, K., Shang, Q., & Wan, C. (2018a). Sources and health risks of heavy metals in PM2.5 in a campus in a typical suburb area of Taiyuan, North China. Atmosphere, 9(2), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9010002","volume":"9","author":"K Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, K., Shang, Q., Wan, C., Song, P., Ma, C., & Cao, L. (2018b). Characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 during a typical haze episode in rural and urban areas in Taiyuan, China. Atmosphere, 9(1), 2. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos9010002\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"7503_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez, J. M., Callen, M. S., Murillo, R., Garcia, T., Navarro, M. V., de la Cruz, M. T., & Mastral, A. M. (2005). Levels of selected metals in ambient air PM in an urban site of Zaragoza (Spain). Environmental Research, 99(1), 58\u201367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.01.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"7503_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-3054-9","volume":"47","author":"R Mohanraj","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohanraj, R., Azeez, P. A., & Priscilla, T. (2004). Heavy metals in airborne particulate matter of urban Coimbatore. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 47(2), 162\u2013167.","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"key":"7503_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013941","volume":"7","author":"OM Morakinyo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morakinyo, O. M., Adebowale, A. S., Mokgobu, M. I., & Mukhola, S. (2017). Health risk of inhalation exposure to sub-10 \u03bcm particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in an urban-industrial area in South Africa: an ecological study. BMJ Open, 7, 1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3355-4","volume":"186","author":"SS Morales-Garcia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morales-Garcia, S. S., Rodriguez-Espinosa, P. F., Jonathan, M. P., Navarrete-Lopez, M., Herrera-Garcia, M. A., & Munoz-Sevilla, N. P. (2014). Characterization of As and trace metals embedded in PM10 particles in Puebla City, Mexico. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(1), 55\u201367.","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"7503_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-013-0199-6","volume":"6","author":"EP Petkova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petkova, E. P., Jack, D. W., Volavka-Close, N. H., & Kinney, P. L. (2013). Particulate matter pollution in African cities. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 6(3), 603\u2013614.","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health"},{"key":"7503_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.06.019","volume":"120","author":"X Qing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qing, X., Yutong, Z., & Shenggao, L. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120, 377\u2013385.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0181-5","volume":"15","author":"N Rabinovitch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rabinovitch, N., Adams, C. D., Strand, M., Koehler, K., & Volckens, J. (2016). Within-microenvironment exposure to particulate matter and health effects in children with asthma: a pilot study utilizing real-time personal monitoring with GPS interface. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 15(1), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source"},{"key":"7503_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.05.003","volume":"77","author":"MS Ragettli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ragettli, M. S., Corradi, E., Braun-Fahrl\u00e4nder, C., Schindler, C., de Nazelle, A., Jerrett, M., Ducret-Stich, R. E., Kunzli, N., & Phuleria, H. C. (2013). Commuter exposure to ultrafine particles in different urban locations, transportation modes and routes. Atmospheric Environment, 77, 376\u2013384.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"8","key":"7503_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-015-0389-5","volume":"9","author":"CA Ramos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramos, C. A., Wolterbeek, H. T., & Almeida, S. M. (2016). Air pollutant exposure and inhaled dose during urban commuting: a comparison between cycling and motorized modes. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 9(8), 867\u2013879.","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"7503_CR46","first-page":"56","volume":"3","author":"SS Rao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rao, S. S., Rajamani, N. S., & Reddi, E. U. B. (2015). Assessment of heavy metals in respirable suspended particulate matter at residential colonies of Gajuwaka industrial hub in Visakhapatnam. International Journal of Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 3(5), 56\u201364.","journal-title":"International Journal of Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"7503_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1039\/C3JA50375E","volume":"29","author":"D Salcedo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salcedo, D., Bernal, J. P., Perez-Arvizu, O., & Lounejeva, E. (2014). Assessment of sample preparation methods for the analysis of trace elements in airborne particulate matter. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 29(4), 753\u2013761.","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry"},{"key":"7503_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.01.003","volume":"89","author":"H Sanbata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sanbata, H., Asfaw, A., & Kumie, A. (2014). Indoor air pollution in slum neighbourhoods of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Atmospheric Environment, 89, 230\u2013234.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"7503_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1177\/096032706072520","volume":"25","author":"PE Schwarze","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwarze, P. E., \u00d8vrevik, J., Lag, M., Refsnes, M., Nafstad, P., & Hetland, R. B. (2006). Particulate matter properties and health effects: consistency of epidemiological and toxicological studies. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 25, 559\u2013579.","journal-title":"Human and Experimental Toxicology"},{"key":"7503_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.051","volume":"586","author":"MK Sidhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sidhu, M. K., Ravindra, K., Mor, S., & John, S. (2017). Household air pollution from various types of rural kitchens and its exposure assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 419\u2013429.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2012.003","volume":"3","author":"MH Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah, M. H., Shaheen, N., & Nazir, R. (2012). Assessment of the trace elements level in urban atmospheric particulate matter and source apportionment in Islamabad, Pakistan. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3(1), 39\u201345.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollution Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"7503_CR52","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Y Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi, Y., & Ng, E. (2017). Fine-scale spatial variability of pedestrian-level particulate matters in compact urban commercial districts in Hong Kong. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1\u201316.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/014015","volume":"8","author":"JY Son","year":"2013","unstructured":"Son, J. Y., & Bell, M. L. (2013). The relationships between short-term exposure to particulate matter and mortality in Korea: impact of particulate matter exposure metrics for sub-daily exposures. Environmental Research Letters, 8(1), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"7503_CR54","first-page":"38","volume":"8","author":"M Tahri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tahri, M., Bounakhla, M., Zgha\u00efd, M., Noack, Y., Benya\u00efch, F., & Benchrif, A. (2013). Evaluation of airborne particulate matter pollution in Kenitra City, Morocco. Revista Ambiente and \u00c1gua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 8(1), 38\u201347.","journal-title":"Revista Ambiente and \u00c1gua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science"},{"key":"7503_CR55","first-page":"5","volume":"30","author":"W Tefera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tefera, W., Asfaw, A., Gilliland, F., Worku, A., Wondimagegn, M., Kumie, A., Samet, J., & Berhane, K. (2016). Indoor and outdoor air pollution-related health problem in Ethiopia: review of related literature. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 30, 5\u201316.","journal-title":"The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"7503_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/2\/4\/045028","volume":"2","author":"EDS van Vliet","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Vliet, E. D. S., & Kinney, P. L. (2007). Impacts of roadway emissions on urban particulate matter concentrations in sub-Saharan Africa: new evidence from Nairobi, Kenya. Environmental Research Letters, 2(4), 045028. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/2\/4\/045028\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"7503_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-015-9745-5","volume":"38","author":"P Varshney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Varshney, P., Saini, R., & Taneja, A. (2016). Trace element concentration in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and their bioavailability in different microenvironments in Agra, India: a case study. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 38(2), 593\u2013605.","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"7503_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-439","volume":"12","author":"SC Walpole","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walpole, S. C., Prieto-Merino, D., Edwards, P., Cleland, J., Stevens, G., & Roberts, I. (2012). The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass. BMC Public Health, 12, 1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"7503_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zereini, F., Alt, F., Messerschmidt, J., Wiseman, C., Feldmann, I., Bohlen, A. V., Muller, J., Liebl, K., & Puttmann, W. (2005). Concentration and distribution of heavy metals in urban airborne particulate matter in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(9), 2983\u20132989.","DOI":"10.1021\/es040040t"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7503-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7503-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7503-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T23:24:44Z","timestamp":1590189884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7503-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7503-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-6369","1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-6369","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"397"}}