{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:14:14Z","timestamp":1787170454070,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009827","name":"Alexandria University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Water resource management and lake rehabilitation are global interest, to overcome the acute water scarcity facing most urban areas, especially in developing countries. Lake Mariut (LM) is an Egyptian lake that lies south of the Mediterranean Sea, and its management had a great interest in Alexandria\u2019s future development and as a part of the environmental sustainability of the Mediterranean basin. LM consists of 4 major basins, namely, main (MB), northwest (NWB), southwest (SWB), and fishery (FB). The MB has deteriorated as it consistently received (sewage and industrial) wastewaters till 2010. This was the date of diversion of the polluting sources as a rehabilitation step. The present work is made after elapsing 8\u00a0years from the diversion and aims at monitoring and assessing the status of the water quality not only of MB but also for the other 3 basins too. This was carried out twice, one in cold winter and the other in warm summer. The parameters studied were physico-chemical including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen\/hydrogen sulfide (DO\/H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S), salinity, and chlorophyll\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    besides nutrient salts (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P compounds). The results revealed that the waters of both MB and SWB basins were depleted in DO to a level difficult to sustain fish life and showed elevated levels of most nutrient salts. Trophically, all the studied basins were in eutrophic-hypereutrophic condition. As a result of pollution source diversion away from MB to be discharged in the downstream part of Umum Drain (UD), the levels of TN and TP entering Mex Bay through UD were slightly higher than the permissible limit and lower than dangerous loading. The applying of principle component analysis (PCA)-based classification approach, for obtaining the WQI on the current study, revealed that the FB, NWB, and SWB\n                    <jats:sub>2000<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed a relatively good water quality when compared with MB. The depletion in the vital DO is catastrophic and needs urgent solution\/s. One of the proposed solutions is the dredging of bottom spoiled organic-rich sediments. This and other suggested solutions are, however, discussed, evaluated, and presented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-022-10009-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T22:02:17Z","timestamp":1651096937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Water quality and trophic status of Lake Mariut in Egypt and its drainage water after 8-year diversion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1660-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nashwa A.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10009_CR1","first-page":"119","volume":"35","author":"KM Abaza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abaza, K. M., El-Rayis, O. A., & El-Sabrouti, M. A. (2009). Study of the ecological conditions of Mariut Lake Main Basin in relation to their suitability for fish living in the basin. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 35(1), 119\u2013130.","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10009_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2020.70681","volume":"24","author":"YS Abd El-Alkhoris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abd El-Alkhoris, Y. S., Abbas, M. S., Sharaky, A. M., & Fahmy, M. A. (2020). Assessment of water and sediments pollution in Maruit Lake. Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(1), 145\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejabf.2020.70681","journal-title":"Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries"},{"key":"10009_CR3","unstructured":"Abdalla, R., Samaan, A. A., & Ghobrial, M. G. (1991). Eutrophication in Lake Mariut. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, A.R.E., 17(1), 157\u2013166."},{"key":"10009_CR4","unstructured":"Abdallah, M. A. M. (2003). The chemical changes in Lake Maryout after the construction of the two waste treatment plants. Alexandria University."},{"key":"10009_CR5","unstructured":"Abdel-Moniem, M. A., El-sharkawy, F. M., & Samaan, A. A. (1987). Some chemical features of Lake Mariut. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, A.R.E., 13(1), 201\u2013217."},{"key":"10009_CR6","unstructured":"Abdel Aziz, N. E., & Aboul Ezz, S. M. (2004). The structure of zooplankton community in Lake Maryout, Alexandria, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 30(A), 160\u2013170."},{"issue":"3","key":"10009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.19080\/ofoaj.2017.05.555663","volume":"5","author":"O Aboul Dahab","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aboul Dahab, O., & Shaaban, N. A. (2017). Environmental protection and management in coastal and maritime industries. Oceanography and Fisheries, 5(3), 3\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19080\/ofoaj.2017.05.555663","journal-title":"Oceanography and Fisheries"},{"key":"10009_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aboul Dahab, O., & Shaaban, N. A. (2020). Importance of environmental management systems in ensuring continual environmental protection in offshore upstream oil and gas industry. Examines Mar Biol Oceanogr., 3(2), EIMBO.000565.2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31031\/EIMBO.2020.03.0005","DOI":"10.31031\/EIMBO.2020.03.0005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10009_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.21608\/eja.2021.48430.1039","volume":"10","author":"SM Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. M. (2020). Impact of different pollutants on some water quality aspects of Lake Mariout. Egypt. Egyptian Journal for Aquaculture, 10(4), 17\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/eja.2021.48430.1039","journal-title":"Egypt. Egyptian Journal for Aquaculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10009_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2478\/limre-2021-0010","volume":"21","author":"MZ Alhamarna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alhamarna, M. Z., & Tandyrak, R. (2021). Lakes Restoration Approaches. Limnological Review, 21(2), 105\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/limre-2021-0010","journal-title":"Lakes Restoration Approaches. Limnological Review"},{"key":"10009_CR11","unstructured":"APHA. (1995). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th Edition.\u00a0 American Public Health Association, Inc., New York."},{"issue":"4","key":"10009_CR12","first-page":"855","volume":"14","author":"S An","year":"2015","unstructured":"An, S., Xie, X., & Ma, Y. (2015). Evaluation of water quality using principal component analysis. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 14(4), 855\u2013858.","journal-title":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.6088\/ijes.2013030600019","volume":"3","author":"A Bhatnagar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhatnagar, A., & Devi, P. (2013). Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(6), 1980\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6088\/ijes.2013030600019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"10009_CR14","unstructured":"Brown, T., & Simpson, J. (2001). Managing phosphorus inputs to urban lakes, I. Determining the trophic state of your lake. Urban Lake Management, 3(4), 771\u2013781."},{"issue":"2","key":"10009_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1977.22.2.0361","volume":"22","author":"RE Carlson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Carlson, R. E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22(2), 361\u2013369.","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"10009_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/3545794","volume":"78","author":"SR Carpenter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carpenter, S. R., & Pace, M. L. (1997). Dystrophy and eutrophy in lake ecosystems: Implications of fluctuating inputs. Oikos, 78, 3\u201314.","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10009_CR17","unstructured":"CPCB. (1995). Central Pollution Control Board: Acts, rules, and notifications. Issued Thereunder, Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi."},{"key":"10009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dondajewska-Pielka, R., Go\u0142dyn, R., Budzy\u0144ska, A., Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Kozak, A., & Messyasz, B. (2020). Sustainable approach to lake restoration \u2014 An innovative treatment applied in Polish lakes. In Proceedings of 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences (p. 8445). Basel, Switzerland: MDPI.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ECWS-5-08445","DOI":"10.3390\/ECWS-5-08445"},{"issue":"2","key":"10009_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.21608\/jes.2016.28037","volume":"35","author":"NS Donia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donia, N. S., El-Kafrawy, S. B., & Mohamed, A. M. (2016). Monitoring the environmental changes of Mariout Lake during the last four decades using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of Environmental Science, 35(2), 89\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jes.2016.28037","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Science"},{"key":"10009_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El-Naggar, N. A., & Rifaat, A. E. (2019). Hydrodynamic and water quality modeling of lake mariout (Nile Delta, Northern Egypt). In A. M. et al. Negm (Ed.), Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (Vol. 71, pp. 241\u2013263). Springer International Publishing AG. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/698_2017_132","DOI":"10.1007\/698_2017_132"},{"key":"10009_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-005-7836-9","volume":"10","author":"OA El-Rayis","year":"2005","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A. (2005). Impact of man\u2019s activities on a closed fishing-lake, Lake Maryout in Egypt, as a case study. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 10, 145\u2013157.","journal-title":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"10009_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.12681\/mms.179","volume":"7","author":"OA El-Rayis","year":"2006","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A., & Abdallah, M. A. (2006). Contribution of nutrients and some trace metals from a huge Egyptian drain to the SE-Mediterranean Sea. West of Alexandria. Mediterranean Marine Science, 7(1), 79\u201386.","journal-title":"West of Alexandria. Mediterranean Marine Science"},{"key":"10009_CR23","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A., El-Nady, F. E., & Hinckely, D. (1998). Existing environmental conditions in Lake Maryout south of Alexandria, Egypt: 1\u2014Water quality. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on: \u030bEnvironmental Protection Is A Must\u030f 5\u20137 May, 1998-Egypt. Organized by N.I.O.F., V.E.A., I.S.A. and SFD, 33\u201343."},{"key":"10009_CR24","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A., El-Sabrouti, M. A., & Hanafy, H. M. (1994). Some hydrochemical observations from Lake Maryout prior to diversion of sewage of eastern districts of Alexandria. 1st Arab conference on: Marine Environmental Protection, 205\u2013219."},{"issue":"2","key":"10009_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2019.31838","volume":"23","author":"OA El-Rayis","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A., Hemeda, E. I., & Shaaban, N. A. (2019). Steps for rehabilitation of a Lake suffering from intensive pollution; Lake Mariut as a case study. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 23(2), 331\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejabf.2019.31838","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries"},{"key":"10009_CR26","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A., & Hinckely, D. (1998). Existing environmental conditions in Lake Maryout south of Alexandria, Egypt: 2 \u2014 Hydrologic budget. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on: \u030bEnvironmental Protection Is A Must\u030f 5\u20137 May, 1998-Egypt. Organized by N.I.O.F., V.E.A., I.S.A., and SFD, 113."},{"key":"10009_CR27","unstructured":"El-Rayis, O. A., Hinckely, D., & El-Nady, F. E. (1997). Levels of silver, arsenic, antimony, mercury and other seven metals in surface sediments and their possible effect-ranges in lake Maryout, Egypt. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on: \u030bEnvironmental Protection Is A Must\u030f (p. 793). Alexandria, Egypt, Organized by N.I.O.F and I.S.A."},{"key":"10009_CR28","unstructured":"El-Sharkawy, F. M. (1978). Study of Lake Mariut pollution due to sewage and industrial wastes discharge. Final report, Academy of Science and Technology."},{"key":"10009_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El Kafrawy, S. B., & Ahmed, M. H. (2020). Monitoring and protection of Egyptian northern lakes using remote sensing technology. In K. A. (eds) Elbeih S., Negm A. (Ed.), Environmental Remote Sensing in Egypt (pp. 231\u2013284). Springer Geophysics. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-39593-3_9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39593-3_9"},{"issue":"5","key":"10009_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.15406\/mojes.2017.02.00037","volume":"2","author":"SB El Kafrawy","year":"2017","unstructured":"El Kafrawy, S. B., Donia, N. S., & M., M. A. (2017). Monitoring the environmental changes of Mariout Lake during the last four decades using remote sensing and GIS techniques. MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 2\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/mojes.2017.02.00037","journal-title":"MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10009_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2018.23918","volume":"22","author":"GM El Zokm","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Zokm, G. M., Tadros, H. R. Z., Okbah, M. A., & Ibrahim, G. H. (2018). Eutrophication assessment using TRIX and Carlson\u2019s indices in lake mariout water. Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 22(5), 321\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejabf.2018.23918","journal-title":"Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries"},{"key":"10009_CR32","unstructured":"EMPNL. (2018). Environmental Monitoring Program for the North Lakes (EMPNL). Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), https:\/\/www.eeaa.gov.eg\/portals\/0\/eeaaReports\/water\/reportAnnual17-18\/\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0637.pdf"},{"key":"10009_CR33","unstructured":"EMPNL. (2020). Environmental Monitoring Program for the North Lakes (EMPNL). Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), https:\/\/www.eeaa.gov.eg\/portals\/0\/eeaaReports\/water\/reportAnnual19-20\/\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u06372020.pdf"},{"key":"10009_CR34","unstructured":"Essa, M. A., & Faltas, S. N. (1997). Impact of pollution problems on some fishery aspects of Tilapias in Lake Mariut basins, Egypt. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on: \u030bEnvironmental Protection Is A Must\u030f 20\u201322 May, 1997, Alexandria, Egypt, organized by N.I.O.F. and I.S.A., 419\u2013441."},{"issue":"4","key":"10009_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2020.95750","volume":"24","author":"AE Farouk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farouk, A. E., Abdel-Hamid, E. A. A., & Mekawy, M. T. (2020). Environmental studies on water quality, plankton and bacterial community in Mariout Lake. Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(4), 139\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejabf.2020.95750","journal-title":"Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries"},{"issue":"14","key":"10009_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-009-9421-6","volume":"23","author":"MA Fulazzaky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fulazzaky, M. A. (2009). Water quality evaluation system to assess the Brantas river water. Water Resources Management, 23(14), 3019\u20133033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11269-009-9421-6","journal-title":"Water Resources Management"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10009_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-1142-z","volume":"168","author":"MA Fulazzaky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fulazzaky, M. A. (2010). Water quality evaluation system to assess the status and the suitability of the Citarum river water to different uses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 168(1\u20134), 669\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-009-1142-z","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"10009_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hosseini, H., Shakeri, A., Rezaei, M., Dashti Barmaki, M., Rastegari Mehr, M., & Amjadian, K. (2021). Water quality and health risk assessment of lakes in arid regions, case study: Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, SE Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12517-021-08051-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-021-08051-w"},{"issue":"April","key":"10009_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.limno.2018.04.002","volume":"70","author":"P Kasprzak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasprzak, P., Gonsiorczyk, T., Grossart, H. P., Hupfer, M., Koschel, R., Petzoldt, T., & Wauer, G. (2018). Restoration of a eutrophic hard-water lake by applying an optimised dosage of poly-aluminium chloride (PAC). Limnologica, 70(April), 33\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.limno.2018.04.002","journal-title":"Limnologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10009_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"MT Khalil","year":"2000","unstructured":"Khalil, M. T., Emam, W. M., & Koussa, A. A. (2000). Impact of wastewater primary treatment on some physico-chemical properties of Lake Mariut. Egypt. Journal of Egyptian Academic Society for Environmental Development, 1(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Egypt. Journal of Egyptian Academic Society for Environmental Development"},{"key":"10009_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120758","volume":"258","author":"S Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, S., Shen, S., Zhou, A., & Lyu, H. (2020). Sustainable development and environmental restoration in Lake Erhai. China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120758","journal-title":"China. Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"2","key":"10009_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-012-0068-9","volume":"4","author":"SS Mahapatra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahapatra, S. S., Sahu, M., Patel, R. K., & Panda, B. N. (2012). Prediction of water quality using principal component analysis. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 4(2), 93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-012-0068-9","journal-title":"Water Quality, Exposure and Health"},{"key":"10009_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.limno.2014.08.005","volume":"49","author":"SJ Nikolai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nikolai, S. J., & Dzialowski, A. R. (2014). Effects of internal phosphorus loading on nutrient limitation in a eutrophic reservoir. Limnologica, 49, 33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.limno.2014.08.005","journal-title":"Limnologica"},{"key":"10009_CR44","unstructured":"Premazzi, G., & Chiaudani, G. (1992). Ecological quality of surface water, Quality assessment schemes for European Community lakes. ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels- Luxembourg."},{"key":"10009_CR45","unstructured":"Rachman, B., & Adi, S. (2005). Practices for carp and tilapia grow out in cages, Sukabumi Research Water Aquaculture Development Center, Department of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, West Java, Indonesia."},{"key":"10009_CR46","unstructured":"Saad, M. A. (1983). Influence of pollution on Lake Mariut, Egypt. I. Environmental characteristics. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer M\u00e9dit., 28(6), 207\u2013208."},{"key":"10009_CR47","unstructured":"Samaan, A. A., & Abdallah, R. R. (1981). Effect of water pollution on the development of periphyton in Lake Mariut, Egypt. Bulletin of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, A.R.E., 7(3), 527 \u2013 537."},{"key":"10009_CR48","unstructured":"Samaan, A. A., Abdelmoniem, M. A., & El-sharkawy, F. M. (1988). Chemical indicators of water pollution in Lake Mariut, Egypt. Bulletin of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, A.R.E., 14(3), 253\u2013270."},{"key":"10009_CR49","unstructured":"Shaaban, N.A. (2010). Studies on distribution of organic matter and nutrients in the lower reach of Qalaa and Umum Drains to control the organic pollution in Lake Mariut. MSc. thesis, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University: 331."},{"key":"10009_CR50","volume-title":"Study concentration level of some toxic metals in Lake Mariut and role of microbial detoxification","author":"NA Shaaban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shaaban, N. A. (2015). Study concentration level of some toxic metals in Lake Mariut and role of microbial detoxification. Alexandria University."},{"issue":"16","key":"10009_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19742","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-12121-z","volume":"28","author":"NA Shaaban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaaban, N. A., El-Rayis, O. A., & Aboeleneen, M. S. (2021). Possible human health risk of some heavy metals from consumption of tilapia fish from Lake Mariut. Egypt. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 19742\u201319754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-12121-z","journal-title":"Egypt. Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"21","key":"10009_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26786","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08878-y","volume":"27","author":"MA Shreadah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shreadah, M. A., El-Rayis, O. A., Shaaban, N. A., & Hamdan, A. M. (2020). Water quality assessment and phosphorus budget of a lake (Mariut, Egypt) after diversion of wastewaters effluents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(21), 26786\u201326799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-08878-y","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10009_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.25165\/j.ijabe.20181105.4351","volume":"11","author":"H Somura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Somura, H., Kunii, H., Yone, Y., Takeda, I., & Sato, H. (2018). Importance of considering nutrient loadings from small watersheds to a lake \u2014 A case study of the Lake Shinji watershed, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(5), 124\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25165\/j.ijabe.20181105.4351","journal-title":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering"},{"key":"10009_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.06.008","volume":"108","author":"K Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song, K., Adams, C. J., & Burgin, A. J. (2017). Relative importance of external and internal phosphorus loadings on affecting lake water quality in agricultural landscapes. Ecological Engineering, 108, 482\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.06.008","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"10009_CR55","unstructured":"Strickland, J. D. H., & Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of sea water analysis. Bull. Fish Res. Bd. Canada, 310."},{"key":"10009_CR56","unstructured":"Thomas, R., Meybeck, M., & Beim, A. (1996). Lakes. In D. Chapman (Ed.), Water Quality Assessments - A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring (2nd ed.). (Second edi., pp. 319\u2013368.). E & FN Spon, an imprint of Routledge. London and New York."},{"key":"10009_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tripathi, M., & Singal, S. K. (2019). Use of principal component analysis for parameter selection for development of a novel Water Quality Index: A case study of river Ganga India. Ecological Indicators, 96(September 2018), 430\u2013436.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.025"},{"key":"10009_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valderrama, J. C. (1981). The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters.\u00a0Marine Chemistry,\u00a010(2), 109\u2013122.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(81)90027-X"},{"key":"10009_CR59","unstructured":"Vollenweider, R. A. (1968). Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and flowing waters, with particular reference to nitrogen and phosphorus as factor in eutrophication. Tech. Rep. DA 5\/SCI 68, OECD."},{"key":"10009_CR60","first-page":"53","volume":"33","author":"RA Vollenweider","year":"1976","unstructured":"Vollenweider, R. A. (1976). Advances in defining critical loading levels for phosphorus in lake eutrophication. Memorie Dell\u2019lstituto Italiano Di Idroln\u2019olog\u2019ia, 33, 53\u201369.","journal-title":"Memorie Dell\u2019lstituto Italiano Di Idroln\u2019olog\u2019ia"},{"key":"10009_CR61","first-page":"25","volume":"65","author":"SD Wahby","year":"1961","unstructured":"Wahby, S. D. (1961). Chemistry of Lake Maryut. Notes and Memoires, 65, 25.","journal-title":"Notes and Memoires"},{"key":"10009_CR62","unstructured":"Wetzel, R. G. (2001).\u00a0Limnology. Lake and river ecosystem (third ed.). Academic Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"10009_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-18-2167-2014","volume":"18","author":"ZH Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu, Z. H., Yin, X. A., & Yang, Z. F. (2014). An optimisation approach for shallow lake restoration through macrophyte management. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(6), 2167\u20132176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-18-2167-2014","journal-title":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"10009_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082942","volume":"17","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, W., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Wu, H., Lin, A., & He, L. (2020). Using principal components analysis and idw interpolation to determine spatial and temporal changes of surface water quality of Xin\u2019Anjiang river in Huangshan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17082942","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10009_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.07.076","volume":"496","author":"M Zamparas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zamparas, M., & Zacharias, I. (2014). Restoration of eutrophic freshwater by managing internal nutrient loads. A review. Science of the Total Environment, 496, 551\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.07.076","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"08","key":"10009_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4236\/gep.2019.78003","volume":"07","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Zhong, M., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., & Huang, H. (2019). The water quality evaluation in Balihe Lake based on principal component analysis. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 07(08), 38\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/gep.2019.78003","journal-title":"Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10009-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10009-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10009-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T08:29:44Z","timestamp":1656664184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10009-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10009-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-6369","1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-6369","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable as the study did not include human subjects.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The author approves this submission.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"392"}}