{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:16:50Z","timestamp":1792531010184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Air pollution has been integrated into global challenges over the last few years due to its negative impact on the health of human beings, increasing socio-economic risks, and its contribution to climate change. This study attempts to evaluate the current status of Iran\u2019s air pollution with regard to the sources of emissions, control policies, and the health and climate consequences that have resulted through available data from monitoring stations reported in the literature, official documents, and previously published papers. Many large cities in Iran surpass the permissible concentration of air pollutants, particularly particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, and ozone. Although regulations and policies are in place and enormous efforts are being made to address air pollution issues in the country, implementation and enforcement are not as effective as they could be. The significant challenges may be regarded as the inefficiency of regulation and supervision systems, the lack of air quality monitoring systems and technology, particularly in industrial cities rather than Tehran, and the lack of continual feedback and investigations on the efficiency of regulation. Providing such an up-to-date report can bring opportunities for international collaboration, which is essential in addressing air pollution worldwide. We suggest that a way forward could be more focused on conducting systematic reviews using scientometric methods to show an accurate picture and trend in air pollution and its association in Iran, implementing an integrated approach for both climate change and air pollution issues, collaborating with international counterparts to share knowledge, tools, and techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-11296-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1685066531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Air pollution in Iran: The\u00a0current status and potential solutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Mokhtarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nejat","family":"Rahmanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"11296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002055","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002055","volume":"8","author":"G Adami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adami, G., Pontalti, M., Cattani, G., Rossini, M., Viapiana, O., Orsolini, G., et al. (2022). Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: A population-based cohort study. RMD Open, 8(1), e002055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002055","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"11296_CR2","unstructured":"Air Quality Control Company. (2021). Tehran Annual Air and Noise Quality Report, period of March 2020 - March 2021, QM1400\/02\/01(U)\/1. https:\/\/doi.org\/QM1400\/02\/01(U)\/1"},{"key":"11296_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123943","volume":"402","author":"MS Anjum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anjum, M. S., Ali, S. M., Imad-ud-din, M., Subhani, M. A., Anwar, M. N., Nizami, A.-S., et al. (2021). An emerged challenge of air pollution and ever-increasing particulate matter in Pakistan; A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402, 123943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123943","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"11296_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azadi, P. (2017). The outlook for natural gas , electricity , and renewable energy in Iran, (3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.28876.62089\/1","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.28876.62089\/1"},{"key":"11296_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059","volume":"126","author":"A Baklanov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baklanov, A., Molina, L. T., & Gauss, M. (2016). Megacities, air quality and climate. Atmospheric Environment, 126, 235\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"11296_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107683","volume":"194","author":"SH Banirazi Motlagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banirazi Motlagh, S. H., Pons, O., & Hosseini, S. M. A. (2021). Sustainability model to assess the suitability of green roof alternatives for urban air pollution reduction applied in Tehran. Building and Environment, 194, 107683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107683","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"11296_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2022.101119","volume":"42","author":"V Barzeghar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barzeghar, V., Hassanvand, M. S., Faridi, S., Abbasi, S., & Gholampour, A. (2022). Long-term trends in ambient air pollutants and the effect of meteorological parameters in Tabriz, Iran. Urban Climate, 42, 101119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2022.101119","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"key":"11296_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2021.100470","volume":"40","author":"L Bisht","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bisht, L., Gupta, V., Singh, A., Gautam, A. S., & Gautam, S. (2022). Heavy metal concentration and its distribution analysis in urban road dust: A case study from most populated city of Indian state of Uttarakhand. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 40, 100470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sste.2021.100470","journal-title":"Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"11296_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-021-02167-x","volume":"36","author":"F Borhani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borhani, F., Shafiepour Motlagh, M., Rashidi, Y., & Ehsani, A. H. (2022). Estimation of short-lived climate forced sulfur dioxide in Tehran, Iran, using machine learning analysis. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 36(9), 2847\u20132860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-021-02167-x","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"11296_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ee02342a","volume":"11","author":"M Bui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bui, M., Adjiman, C. S., Bardow, A., Anthony, E. J., Boston, A., Brown, S., et al. (2018). Carbon capture and storage (CCS): The way forward. Energy and Environmental Science, 11(5), 1062\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7ee02342a","journal-title":"Energy and Environmental Science"},{"issue":"21","key":"11296_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe1178","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe1178","volume":"7","author":"GP Chossi\u00e8re","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chossi\u00e8re, G. P., Xu, H., Dixit, Y., Isaacs, S., Eastham, S. D., Allroggen, F., et al. (2021). Air pollution impacts of COVID-19\u2013related containment measures. Science Advances, 7(21), eabe1178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abe1178","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"issue":"1","key":"11296_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1039\/c9me00102f","volume":"5","author":"D Danaci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danaci, D., Bui, M., Mac Dowell, N., & Petit, C. (2020). Exploring the limits of adsorption-based CO2 capture using MOFs with PVSA-from molecular design to process economics. Molecular Systems Design and Engineering, 5(1), 212\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9me00102f","journal-title":"Molecular Systems Design and Engineering"},{"key":"11296_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.285","volume":"652","author":"M Dastoorpoor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dastoorpoor, M., Sekhavatpour, Z., Masoumi, K., Mohammadi, M. J., Aghababaeian, H., Khanjani, N., et al. (2019). Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Ahvaz. Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 652, 1318\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.285","journal-title":"Iran. Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"11296_CR14","unstructured":"EPA. (2021). Air quality management process. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/air-quality-management-process. Accessed 3 August 2021"},{"key":"11296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. Asadollah-Fardi. (2003). Air quality management in Tehran. In Kitakyushu Initiative Seminar on Urban Air Quality Management, Bangkok, Thailand, February\u00a0(pp. 1\u201321). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/31531","DOI":"10.1596\/31531"},{"key":"11296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2022.10.021","volume":"114","author":"S Gautam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gautam, S., & Gollakota, A. R. K. (2023). Introduction to the special issue \u201cEnvironmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic.\u201d Gondwana Research, 114, 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gr.2022.10.021","journal-title":"Gondwana Research"},{"key":"11296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.189646","volume":"21","author":"A Ghorani-Azam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghorani-Azam, A., Riahi-Zanjani, B., & Balali-Mood, M. (2016). Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences\u202f: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 21, 65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-1995.189646","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"11296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-00962-7","author":"G Goudarzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goudarzi, G., Alavi, N., Geravandi, S., Yari, A. R., Aslanpour Alamdari, F., Dobaradaran, S., et al. (2021). Retraction note: Ambient particulate matter concentration levels of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2017. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-021-00962-7","journal-title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health"},{"key":"11296_CR19","unstructured":"Grossberndt S., Bartonova A., Gonz\u00e1lez Ortiz A., Castell N.,  & Guerreiro C.,\u00a0\u00a0et al. (2020). Public awareness and efforts to improve air quality in Europe, Eionet Report - ETC\/ATNI 2020\/2, https:\/\/www.eionet.europa.eu\/etcs\/etc-atni\/products\/etc-atni-reports\/etc-atni-report-2-2020-public-awareness-and-efforts-to-improve-air-quality-in-europe."},{"key":"11296_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gulia, S., SM, S. N., Khare, M., & Khanna, I. (2015). Urban air quality management\u2013A review. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5094\/APR.2015.033","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2015.033"},{"key":"11296_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.06.030","volume":"142","author":"BR Gurjar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gurjar, B. R., Ravindra, K., & Nagpure, A. S. (2016). Air pollution trends over Indian megacities and their local-to-global implications. Atmospheric Environment, 142, 475\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.06.030","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"30","key":"11296_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38004","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09695-z","volume":"27","author":"Y Hajizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hajizadeh, Y., Jafari, N., Mohammadi, A., Momtaz, S. M., Fanaei, F., & Abdolahnejad, A. (2020). Concentrations and mortality due to short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 in a megacity of Iran (2014\u20132019). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(30), 38004\u201338014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-09695-z","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"11296_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-020-00836-4","volume":"13","author":"A Hamidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamidi, A., & Ramavandi, B. (2020). Evaluation and scientometric analysis of researches on air pollution in developing countries from 1952 to 2018. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13(7), 797\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11869-020-00836-4","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health"},{"key":"11296_CR24","first-page":"669","volume":"7","author":"SA Hashemian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashemian, S. A., Mansouri, N., & Morady, M. A. (2013). Investigating the impacts of retrofitted CNG vehicles on air pollutant emissions in Tehran. International Journal of Environmental Research, 7, 669\u2013678.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research"},{"key":"11296_CR25","unstructured":"Hazrati, M., & Malakoutikhah, Z. (2019). An Unclear Future for Iranian Energy Transition in Light of the Re-imposition of Sanctions. Oil, Gas and Energy Law, 17, 1875\u2013418X. https:\/\/eprints.whiterose.ac.uk\/144576\/."},{"key":"11296_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heger, M., Sarraf, M., & Heger, M. P. (2018). Air Pollution in Tehran: Health Costs, Sources, and Policies. Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice Discussion Paper; No. 6. World Bank, Washington, DC. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/29909.","DOI":"10.1596\/29909"},{"key":"11296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1080\/00210862.2016.1241587","volume":"49","author":"V Hosseini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosseini, V., & Shahbazi, H. (2016). Urban air pollution in Iran. Iranian Studies, 49, 1029\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00210862.2016.1241587","journal-title":"Iranian Studies"},{"key":"11296_CR28","unstructured":"IQAir. (2020). 2019 World Air Quality Report, https:\/\/www.iqair.com\/world-most-polluted-cities\/world-air-quality-report-2019-en.pdf"},{"key":"11296_CR29","unstructured":"2021 World Air quality report (2022). https:\/\/www.iqair.com\/world-most-polluted-cities\/world-air-quality-report-2021-en.pdf."},{"issue":"12","key":"11296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-03777-w","volume":"2","author":"M Jokar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jokar, M., Razavi, Z., & Moradi, H. (2020). From environmental knowledge to encouraging pro-environmental behavior for air pollution control in Isfahan: A highly air-polluted city in central Iran. SN Applied Sciences, 2(12), 1986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42452-020-03777-w","journal-title":"SN Applied Sciences"},{"key":"11296_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2022.10.002","volume":"4","author":"PD Juarez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Juarez, P. D., Ramesh, A., Hood, D. B., Alcendor, D. J., Valdez, R. B., Aramandla, M. P., et al. (2022). The effects of air pollution, meteorological parameters, and climate change on COVID-19 comorbidity and health disparities: A systematic review. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 4, 194\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enceco.2022.10.002","journal-title":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"11296_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118161","volume":"246","author":"B Karimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimi, B., & Shokrinezhad, B. (2021). Air pollution and the number of daily deaths due to respiratory causes in Tehran. Atmospheric Environment, 246, 118161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118161","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"11296_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kiyan, A., Gheibi, M., Akrami, M., Moezzi, R., & Behzadian, K. (2023). A comprehensive platform for air pollution control system operation in smart cities of developing countries: A case study of Tehran. Environmental Industry Letters, 1(1 SE-Articles), 10\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15157\/EIL.2023.1.1.10-27","DOI":"10.15157\/EIL.2023.1.1.10-27"},{"issue":"2","key":"11296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-022-02313-z","volume":"37","author":"RP Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, R. P., Perumpully, S. J., Samuel, C., & Gautam, S. (2023). Exposure and health: A progress update by evaluation and scientometric analysis. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 37(2), 453\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-022-02313-z","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"11296_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-022-01290-0","volume":"16","author":"RP Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, R. P., Brema, J., Samuel, C., & Gautam, S. (2023). A bibliometric and scientometric: Analysis towards global pattern and trends related to aerosol and precipitation studies from 2002 to 2022. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 16(3), 613\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11869-022-01290-0","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health"},{"key":"11296_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2022.10.001","volume":"114","author":"S Kurwadkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurwadkar, S., Kumar Sankar, T., Kumar, A., Ambade, B., Gautam, S., Sagar Gautam, A., et al. (2023). Emissions of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Potential implications of cultural practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. Gondwana Research, 114, 4\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gr.2022.10.001","journal-title":"Gondwana Research"},{"key":"11296_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101493","volume":"49","author":"M Leili","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leili, M., Bahrami Asl, F., Jamshidi, R., & Dehdar, A. (2023). Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to ambient air PM10 in Zahedan city, Iran: The AirQ model approach. Urban Climate, 49, 101493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101493","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"key":"11296_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2016.03.011","volume":"65","author":"M Maione","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maione, M., Fowler, D., Monks, P. S., Reis, S., Rudich, Y., Williams, M. L., & Fuzzi, S. (2016). Air quality and climate change: Designing new win-win policies for Europe. Environmental Science & Policy, 65, 48\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsci.2016.03.011","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"11296_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-020-01450-5","volume":"50","author":"M Maione","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maione, M., Mocca, E., Eisfeld, K., Kazepov, Y., & Fuzzi, S. (2021). Public perception of air pollution sources across Europe. Ambio, 50(6), 1150\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13280-020-01450-5","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"11296_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mawer, C. (2014). Air pollution in Iran. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 348, g1586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g1586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1586"},{"key":"11296_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.11.043","volume":"15","author":"A Mazandarani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mazandarani, A., Mahlia, T. M. I., Chong, W. T., & Moghavvemi, M. (2011). Fuel consumption and emission prediction by Iranian power plants until 2025. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 1575\u20131592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2010.11.043","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"11296_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FD00123F","volume":"226","author":"LT Molina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molina, L. T. (2021). Introductory lecture: Air quality in megacities. Faraday Discussions, 226, 9\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0FD00123F","journal-title":"Faraday Discussions"},{"key":"11296_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10090512","author":"LT Molina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Molina, L. T., Velasco, E., Retama, A., & Zavala, M. (2019). Experience from integrated air quality management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore. Atmosphere. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos10090512","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"11296_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2021.100887","volume":"38","author":"M Monazzam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monazzam, M., Karimi, E., Shahbazi, H., & Shahidzadeh, H. (2021). Effect of cycling development as a non-motorized transport on reducing air and noise pollution-case study: Central districts of Tehran. Urban Climate, 38, 100887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2021.100887","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"key":"11296_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/earth2010008","author":"N Nahar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nahar, N., Mahiuddin, S., & Hossain, Z. (2021). The severity of environmental pollution in the developing countries and its remedial measures. Earth. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/earth2010008","journal-title":"Earth"},{"issue":"5","key":"11296_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-016-0859-5","volume":"10","author":"DD Parrish","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parrish, D. D., Xu, J., Croes, B., & Shao, M. (2016). Air quality improvement in Los Angeles\u2014perspectives for developing cities. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 10(5), 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11783-016-0859-5","journal-title":"Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering"},{"issue":"14","key":"11296_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa288","volume":"116","author":"A Pozzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pozzer, A., Dominici, F., Haines, A., Witt, C., M\u00fcnzel, T., & Lelieveld, J. (2020). Regional and global contributions of air pollution to risk of death from COVID-19. Cardiovascular Research, 116(14), 2247\u20132253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa288","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"11296_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022GH000711","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GH000711","volume":"7","author":"A Pozzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pozzer, A., Anenberg, S. C., Dey, S., Haines, A., Lelieveld, J., & Chowdhury, S. (2023). Mortality attributable to ambient air pollution: A review of global estimates. GeoHealth, 7(1), e2022GH000711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022GH000711","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"11296_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajabi Kouyakhi, N., & Shavvalpour, S. (2021). The driving forces of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran\u2019s electricity sector: A decomposition analysis based on types of ownership. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 2, 100012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cesys.2021.100012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cesys.2021.100012"},{"key":"11296_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramanathan, V. (2020). Climate change, air pollution, and health: Common sources, similar impacts, and common solutions (pp. 49\u201359). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-31125-4_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31125-4_5"},{"key":"11296_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2021.12.015","volume":"114","author":"M Ranjbari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ranjbari, M., Shams Esfandabadi, Z., Gautam, S., Ferraris, A., & Scagnelli, S. D. (2023). Waste management beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Bibliometric and text mining analyses. Gondwana Research, 114, 124\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gr.2021.12.015","journal-title":"Gondwana Research"},{"key":"11296_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115042","volume":"266","author":"D Rodr\u00edguez-Urrego","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Urrego, D. (2020). Air quality during the COVID-19: PM2.5 analysis in the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world. Environmental Pollution, 266, 115042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115042","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"11296_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849773676","author":"D Schwela","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwela, D., Haq, G., Huizenga, C., Han, W.-J., Fabian, H., & Ajero, M. (2012). Urban Air Pollution in Asian. Cities. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781849773676","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"11296_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2019.01.002","volume":"27","author":"H Shahbazi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahbazi, H., Hassani, A., & Hosseini, V. (2019). Evaluation of Tehran clean air action plan using emission inventory approach. Urban Climate, 27, 446\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2019.01.002","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"key":"11296_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036119811983677","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119836770","volume":"2673","author":"H Shahbazi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahbazi, H., Hosseini, V., Torbatian, S., & Hamedi, M. (2019). Assessment of emission reduction scenarios with a focus on the impact of vehicle fleets on Tehran air quality: Case study. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2673, 036119811983677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0361198119836770","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"},{"key":"11296_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahbazi, H., Reyhanian, M., Hosseini, V., & Afshin, H. (2016). The relative contributions of mobile sources to air pollutant emissions in Tehran, Iran: An emission inventory approach. Emission Control Science and Technology, 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40825-015-0031-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s40825-015-0031-x"},{"key":"11296_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113173","volume":"255","author":"M Shamsipour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shamsipour, M., Hassanvand, M. S., Gohari, K., Yunesian, M., Fotouhi, A., Naddafi, K., et al. (2019). National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016. Environmental Pollution, 255, 113173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113173","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"11296_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41810-022-00168-z","author":"R Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, R., Singh, V., Gautam, A. S., Gautam, S., Sharma, M., Soni, P. S., et al. (2022). Temporal and spatial variations of satellite-based aerosol optical depths, Angstrom exponent, single scattering albedo, and ultraviolet-aerosol index over five polluted and less-polluted cities of Northern India: Impact of urbanization and climate change. Aerosol Science and Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41810-022-00168-z","journal-title":"Aerosol Science and Engineering"},{"key":"11296_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sofia, D., Gioiella, F., Lotrecchiano, N., & Giuliano, A. (2020). Mitigation strategies for reducing air pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-08647-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08647-x"},{"key":"11296_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.18502\/japh.v4i3.1548","volume":"4","author":"F Taghizadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taghizadeh, F., Jafari, A. J., & Kermani, M. (2019). The trend of air quality index (AQI) in Tehran during (2011\u20132016). Journal of Air Pollution and Health, 4, 187\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/japh.v4i3.1548","journal-title":"Journal of Air Pollution and Health"},{"key":"11296_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taghizadeh, Farzaneh, Mokhtarani, B., Zadmard, R., & Jalali, M. R. (2020). Highly selective CO2 uptake in Calix[4]arene compounds immobilized on silica gel. Chemical Engineering Journal, 128115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2020.128115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.128115"},{"key":"11296_CR62","unstructured":"The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2015). Air quality policies in Iran. https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/air-quality-policies-iran."},{"key":"11296_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Velayatzadeh, M. (2020). Air pollution sources in Ahvaz city from Iran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/japh.v5i2.4243","DOI":"10.18502\/japh.v5i2.4243"},{"key":"11296_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.07.040","volume":"407","author":"C Vlachokostas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vlachokostas, C., Achillas, C., Moussiopoulos, N., Hourdakis, E., Tsilingiridis, G., Ntziachristos, L., et al. (2009). Decision support system for the evaluation of urban air pollution control options: Application for particulate pollution in Thessaloniki, Greece. The Science of the Total Environment, 407, 5937\u20135948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.07.040","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"11296_CR65","unstructured":"WHO. (2020). World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva PP - Geneva: World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/272596"},{"key":"11296_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.004","volume":"74","author":"T Xia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xia, T., Nitschke, M., Zhang, Y., Shah, P., Crabb, S., & Hansen, A. (2015). Traffic-related air pollution and health co-benefits of alternative transport in Adelaide, South Australia. Environment International, 74, 281\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.004","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"11296_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.09.004","volume":"62","author":"G Yazdan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yazdan, G., Behzad, V., & Shiva, M. (2012). Energy consumption in Iran: Past trends and future directions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 12\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.09.004","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"11296_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56578-6","volume":"10","author":"F Yousefian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousefian, F., Faridi, S., Azimi, F., Aghaei, M., Shamsipour, M., Yaghmaeian, K., & Hassanvand, M. S. (2020). Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012\u20132017. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-56578-6","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-023-11296-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-023-11296-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-023-11296-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T01:29:58Z","timestamp":1686965398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-023-11296-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["11296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-023-11296-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2155113\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0167-6369","1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-6369","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"737"}}