{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:43:09Z","timestamp":1767973389134,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009087","name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3953 of 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3953 of 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009087","name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3953 of 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3953 of 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009087","name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3953 of 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3953 of 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-13853-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T18:43:07Z","timestamp":1741718587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Technical implications of light greywater production and quality for decentralized treatment and reuse: A case study in Bucaramanga, Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Burgos-Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela Cristina","family":"Rey-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar Ricardo","family":"Oviedo-Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28\u201330","key":"13853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5237","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2013.813007","volume":"52","author":"HI Abdel-Shafy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdel-Shafy, H. I., El-Khateeb, M. A., & Shehata, M. (2014). Greywater treatment using different designs of sand filters. Desalination and Water Treatment, 52(28\u201330), 5237\u20135242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19443994.2013.813007","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"key":"13853_CR2","unstructured":"Acueducto Metropolitano de Bucaramanga. (2023). Quality report of drinking water. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.amb.com.co"},{"key":"13853_CR3","unstructured":"Alcald\u00eda de Bucaramanga. (2015). Pol\u00edtica P\u00fablica de Vivienda y H\u00e1bitat de Bucaramanga. Available at: https:\/\/www.bucaramanga.gov.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Documento-Politica-Publica-de-Vivienda-y-Habitat-de-Bucaramanga.pdf (Accessed: 26 November 2023)."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"13853_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(03)00340-0","volume":"156","author":"OR Al-Jayyousi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al-Jayyousi, O. R. (2003). Greywater reuse: Towards sustainable water management. Desalination, 156(1\u20133), 181\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0011-9164(03)00340-0","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"13853_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.03.045","volume":"454\u2013455","author":"G Antonopoulou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antonopoulou, G., Kirkou, A., & Stasinakis, A. S. (2013). Quantitative and qualitative greywater characterization in Greek households and investigation of their treatment using physicochemical methods. Science of the Total Environment, 454\u2013455, 426\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.03.045","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"13853_CR6","unstructured":"APHA-AWWA-WEF. (2017).\u00a0In E. W. Rice, R. B. Baird, & A. D. Eaton (Eds.) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (23rd ed.). APHA Press."},{"key":"13853_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.02.041","volume":"193","author":"N Atanasova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atanasova, N., Dalmau, M., Comas, J., Poch, M., Rodriguez-Roda, I., & Buttiglieri, G. (2017). Optimized MBR for greywater reuse systems in hotel facilities. Journal of Environmental Management, 193, 503\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.02.041","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"13853_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.2166\/wrd.2016.092","volume":"7","author":"BF Bakare","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bakare, B. F., Mtsweni, S., & Rathilal, S. (2017). Characteristics of greywater from different sources within households in a community in Durban, South Africa. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 7(4), 520\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wrd.2016.092","journal-title":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination"},{"issue":"9","key":"13853_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000738","volume":"139","author":"SE Beck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beck, S. E., Rodr\u00edguez, R. A., Salveson, A., Goel, N., Rhodes, S., Kehoe, P., & Linden, K. G. (2013). Disinfection methods for treating low TOC, light graywater to California title 22 water reuse standards. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 139(9), 1137\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000738","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"13853_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.04.023","volume":"458","author":"M Benami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benami, M., Gross, A., Herzberg, M., Orlofsky, E., Vonshak, A., & Gillor, O. (2013). Assessment of pathogenic bacteria in treated graywater and irrigated soils. Science of the Total Environment, 458, 298\u2013302.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"13853_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.06.121","volume":"533","author":"M Blanky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blanky, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez, S., Halpern, M., & Friedler, E. (2015). Legionella pneumophila: From potable water to treated greywater; quantification and removal during treatment. Science of the Total Environment, 533, 557\u2013565.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"13853_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boano, F., Caruso, A., Costamagna, E., Ridolfi, L., Fiore, S., Demichelis, F., ... & Masi, F. (2020). A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits. Science of the Total Environment, 711, 134731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134731"},{"issue":"7","key":"13853_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2013.675","volume":"67","author":"Y Boyjoo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boyjoo, Y., Pareek, V. K., & Ang, M. (2013). A review of greywater characteristics and treatment processes. In Water Science and Technology, 67(7), 1403\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2013.675","journal-title":"In Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"13853_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burgos-Arias, J., Rey-Romero, D.C., & Oviedo-Oca\u00f1a, E. R. (2025). Social perception and challenges of light greywater reuse at the household level in developing countries: a case study of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Water Policy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15730621003596739","DOI":"10.1080\/15730621003596739"},{"issue":"1","key":"13853_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/15730621003596739","volume":"7","author":"A Campisano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campisano, A., & Modica, C. (2010). Experimental investigation on water saving by the reuse of hand basin grey water for toilet flushing. Urban Water Journal, 7(1), 17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15730621003596739","journal-title":"Urban Water Journal"},{"key":"13853_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.07.162","volume":"142","author":"MC Chrispim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chrispim, M. C., & Nolasco, M. A. (2017). Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 290\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.07.162","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"10","key":"13853_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2012.747003","volume":"34","author":"S Comber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Comber, S., Gardner, M., Georges, K., Blackwood, D., & Gilmour, D. (2013). Domestic source of phosphorus to sewage treatment works. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 34(10), 1349\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593330.2012.747003","journal-title":"Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)"},{"issue":"1","key":"13853_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10286608.2015.1124868","volume":"33","author":"S De Gisi","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Gisi, S., Casella, P., Notarnicola, M., & Farina, R. (2015). Grey water in buildings: A mini review of guidelines, technologies and case studies. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 33(1), 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10286608.2015.1124868","journal-title":"Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems"},{"key":"13853_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delhiraja, K., & Philip, L. (2020). Characterization of segregated greywater from Indian households: part A\u2014physico-chemical and microbial parameters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-020-08369-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-08369-0"},{"key":"13853_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2017.08.037","volume":"542","author":"A Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding, A., Liang, H., Li, G., Szivak, I., Traber, J., & Pronk, W. (2017). A low energy gravity-driven membrane bioreactor system for grey water treatment: Permeability and removal performance of organics. Journal of Membrane Science, 542, 408\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2017.08.037","journal-title":"Journal of Membrane Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"13853_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.229","volume":"76","author":"B Dwumfour-Asare","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dwumfour-Asare, B., Adantey, P., Biritwum Nyarko, K., & Appiah-Effah, E. (2017). Greywater characterization and handling practices among urban households in Ghana: The case of three communities in Kumasi Metropolis. Water Science and Technology, 76(4), 813\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2017.229","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"13853_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-013-0128-8","volume":"4","author":"GA Edwin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edwin, G. A., Gopalsamy, P., & Muthu, N. (2014). Characterization of domestic gray water from point source to determine the potential for urban residential reuse: A short review. Applied Water Science, 4, 39\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-013-0128-8","journal-title":"Applied Water Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"13853_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1462-0758(01)00064-4","volume":"4","author":"E Eriksson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eriksson, E., Auffarth, K., Henze, M., & Ledin, A. (2002). Characteristics of grey wastewater. Urban Water, 4(1), 85\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1462-0758(01)00064-4","journal-title":"Urban Water"},{"issue":"5","key":"13853_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1533-0","volume":"20","author":"DM Ghaitidak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghaitidak, D. M., & Yadav, K. D. (2013). Characteristics and treatment of greywater-a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(5), 2795\u20132809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-013-1533-0","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"13853_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380903048443","volume":"41","author":"LA Ghunmi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghunmi, L. A., Zeeman, G., Fayyad, M., & Van Lier, J. B. (2011). Grey water treatment systems: A review. In Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41(7), 657\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10643380903048443","journal-title":"In Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"13853_CR26","unstructured":"Hach Company. (2014). Method 10071: Total Nitrogen, Persulfate Digestion Method. Hach Company. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.hach.com\/"},{"key":"13853_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He, Z., Li, Y., & Qi, B. (2022). Recent insights into greywater treatment: A comprehensive review on characteristics, treatment technologies, and pollutant removal mechanisms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(36), 54025\u201354044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-21070-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-21070-8"},{"key":"13853_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kadewa, W. W., Knops, G., Pidou, M., Jeffrey, P., Jefferson, B., & Le Corre, K. S. (2020). What is the impact of personal care products selection on greywater characteristics and reuse? Science of the Total Environment, 749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141413"},{"key":"13853_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2014.07.033","volume":"146","author":"AY Katukiza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katukiza, A. Y., Ronteltap, M., Niwagaba, C. B., Kansiime, F., & Lens, P. N. L. (2014). Grey water treatment in urban slums by a filtration system: Optimisation of the filtration medium. Journal of Environmental Management, 146, 131\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2014.07.033","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"13853_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-013-0451-5","volume":"12","author":"AY Katukiza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Katukiza, A. Y., Ronteltap, M., Niwagaba, C. B., Kansiime, F., & Lens, P. N. L. (2015). Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(2), 423\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13762-013-0451-5","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"13853_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2166\/wcc.2023.362","volume":"14","author":"B Kaur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur, B., Shrestha, N. K., Ghimire, U., Paul, P. K., Rudra, R., Goel, P., & Daggupati, P. (2023). Future water security under climate change: A perspective of the Grand River Watershed. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(5), 1433\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wcc.2023.362","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Climate Change"},{"key":"13853_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khanam, K., & Patidar, S. K. (2022). Greywater characteristics in developed and developing countries. Materials Today: Proceedings, 1494\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.12.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.12.022"},{"issue":"5","key":"13853_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2009.11.013","volume":"18","author":"Y Krozer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krozer, Y., Hophmayer-Tokich, S., van Meerendonk, H., Tijsma, S., & Vos, E. (2010). Innovations in the water chain - experiences in The Netherlands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(5), 439\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2009.11.013","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"13853_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lalley, J., Zetterholm, S. G., Waisner, S., Martinez-Guerra, E., Wamsley, M., Gurtowski, L., Wade, R., Pranger, S., & Griggs, C. (2023). Source separated graywater: Chemistry, unit operations, and criteria towards re-use. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.103736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.103736"},{"key":"13853_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5442-9","volume":"188","author":"M Leonard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leonard, M., Gilpin, B., Robson, B., & Wall, K. (2016). Field study of the composition of greywater and comparison of microbiological indicators of water quality in on-site systems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-016-5442-9","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"13853_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2009.550","volume":"5","author":"F Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, F., Gulyas, H., Wichmann, K., & Otterpohl, R. (2009). Treatment of household grey water with a UF membrane filtration system. Desalination and Water Treatment, 5(1\u20133), 275\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5004\/dwt.2009.550","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"13853_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.05.035","volume":"260","author":"Z Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, Z., Boyle, F., & Reynolds, A. (2010). Rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment systems for domestic application in Ireland. In Desalination, 260(1\u20133), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2010.05.035. Elsevier B.V.","journal-title":"In Desalination"},{"key":"13853_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, J., Wu, B., Xu, M., Han, X., Xing, Y., Zhou, Y., Ran, M., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Nitrogen source affects non-aeration microalgal-bacterial biofilm growth progression and metabolic function during greywater treatment. Bioresource Technology, 391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129940"},{"key":"13853_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112991","volume":"295","author":"A Mahmoudi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahmoudi, A., Mousavi, S. A., & Darvishi, P. (2021). Greywater as a sustainable source for development of green roofs: Characteristics, treatment technologies, reuse, case studies and future developments. In Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 112991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112991. Academic Press.","journal-title":"In Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"13853_CR40","unstructured":"Ministerio de Obras P\u00fablicas. (2018). Ley 21075. Congreso Nacional de Chile."},{"key":"13853_CR41","unstructured":"Minvivienda. (2017). Resoluci\u00f3n 0330 por la cual se adopta el Reglamento t\u00e9cnico para el sector de agua potable y saneamiento b\u00e1sico - RAS. https:\/\/minvivienda.gov.co\/sites\/default\/files\/normativa\/resolucion-0330-2017.pdf"},{"issue":"18","key":"13853_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.3390\/w13182510","volume":"13","author":"C Morandi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morandi, C., Schreiner, G., Moosmann, P., & Steinmetz, H. (2021). Elevated vertical-flow constructed wetlands for light greywater treatment. Water (Switzerland), 13(18), 2510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w13182510","journal-title":"Water (Switzerland)"},{"key":"13853_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nazari, B., & Keshavarz, M. (2023). Water population density: Global and regional analysis. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 153(1\u20132), 431\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00704-023-04473-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-023-04473-6"},{"key":"13853_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.05.094","volume":"216","author":"C Noutsopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noutsopoulos, C., Andreadakis, A., Kouris, N., Charchousi, D., Mendrinou, P., Galani, A., Mantziaras, I., & Koumaki, E. (2018). Greywater characterization and loadings \u2013 Physicochemical treatment to promote onsite reuse. Journal of Environmental Management, 216, 337\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.05.094","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"13853_CR45","unstructured":"NRMMC. (2006). Australian guidelines for water recycling: Managing health and environmental risks (Phase 1). National resource management ministerial council environment protection and heritage council australian health ministers conference."},{"issue":"13","key":"13853_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.05.001","volume":"46","author":"J O\u2019Toole","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole, J., Sinclair, M., Malawaraarachchi, M., Hamilton, A., Barker, S. F., & Leder, K. (2012). Microbial quality assessment of household greywater. Water Research, 46(13), 4301\u20134313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2012.05.001","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"13853_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oktor, K., & \u00c7elik, D. (2019). Treatment of wash basin and bathroom greywater with Chlorella variabilis and reusability. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 31(December 2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2019.100857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2019.100857"},{"key":"13853_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.10.068","volume":"206","author":"M Oteng-Peprah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oteng-Peprah, M., de Vries, N. K., & Acheampong, M. A. (2018). Greywater characterization and generation rates in a peri urban municipality of a developing country. Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 498\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.10.068","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"13853_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00352-4","volume":"37","author":"J Ottoson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ottoson, J., & Stenstr\u00f6m, T. A. (2003). Faecal contamination of greywater and associated microbial risks. In Water Research, 37(3), 645\u2013655.","journal-title":"In Water Research"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"13853_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.12.052","volume":"348","author":"H Palmquist","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palmquist, H., & Han\u00e6us, J. (2005). Hazardous substances in separately collected grey- and blackwater from ordinary Swedish households. Science of the Total Environment, 348(1\u20133), 151\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.12.052","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"13853_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/1573062X.2011.652132","volume":"9","author":"R Penn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Penn, R., Hadari, M., & Friedler, E. (2012). Evaluation of the effects of greywater reuse on domestic wastewater quality and quantity. Urban Water Journal, 9(3), 137\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1573062X.2011.652132","journal-title":"Urban Water Journal"},{"key":"13853_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178610","volume":"965","author":"T P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez, T., & Albrechtsen, H. J. (2025). Microbial indicators for water quality in recirculating shower technology. Science of the Total Environment, 965, 178610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178610","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"13853_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pronk, W., Ding, A., Morgenroth, E., Derlon, N., Desmond, P., Burkhardt, M., ... & Fane, A. G. (2019). Gravity-driven membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatment: a review. Water Research, 149, 553\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.062"},{"key":"13853_CR54","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2023). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R version 4.2.3 (2023\u201303\u201315 ucrt)). https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"13853_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.11.027","volume":"45","author":"DM Revitt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Revitt, D. M., Eriksson, E., & Donner, E. (2011). The implications of household greywater treatment and reuse for municipal wastewater flows and micropollutant loads. Water Research, 45(4), 1549\u20131560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2010.11.027","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"13853_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13413-8","volume":"28","author":"IN Shaikh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaikh, I. N., & Ahammed, M. M. (2021). Effect of operating mode on the performance of sand filters treating greywater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 38209\u201338223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13413-8","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"13853_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2022.269","volume":"86","author":"IN Shaikh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaikh, I. N., & Ahammed, M. M. (2022b). Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review. Water Science & Technology, 86(5), 992\u20131016.","journal-title":"Water Science & Technology"},{"key":"13853_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaikh, I. N., & Ahammed, M. M. (2020). Quantity and quality characteristics of greywater: A review. In Journal of Environmental Management 261. Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110266"},{"key":"13853_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaikh, I., & Ahammed, M. M. (2022a). Quantity and quality characteristics of greywater from an Indian household. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-022-09820-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-022-09820-0"},{"key":"13853_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaikh, I. N., Mansoor Ahammed, M., & Sukanya Krishnan, M. P. (2019). Graywater treatment and reuse. In Sustainable Water and Wastewater Processing. Elsevier Inc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-816170-8.00002-8","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816170-8.00002-8"},{"key":"13853_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soares Ascen\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00c9., Melo Marinangelo, F., Meschini Almeida, C. F., Kagan, N., & Dias, E. M. (2023). Applications of Smart Water Management Systems: A Literature Review. In Water (Switzerland) 15 19. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w15193492","DOI":"10.3390\/w15193492"},{"key":"13853_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.03.015","volume":"99","author":"XY Teh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teh, X. Y., Poh, P. E., Gouwanda, D., & Chong, M. N. (2015). Decentralized light greywater treatment using aerobic digestion and hydrogen peroxide disinfection for non-potable reuse. Journal of Cleaner Production, 99, 305\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.03.015","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"13853_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.10.023","volume":"283","author":"VS Thomaidi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomaidi, V. S., Stasinakis, A. S., Borova, V. L., & Thomaidis, N. S. (2015). Is there a risk for the aquatic environment due to the existence of emerging organic contaminants in treated domestic wastewater? Greece as a case-study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, 740\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.10.023","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"13853_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vuppaladadiyam, A. K., Merayo, N., Prinsen, P., Luque, R., Blanco, A., & Zhao, M. (2019). A review on greywater reuse: quality, risks, barriers and global scenarios. In Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 18 (1), pp. 77\u201399. Springer Netherlands. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11157-018-9487-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-018-9487-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"13853_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2007.11.001","volume":"32","author":"GP Winward","year":"2008","unstructured":"Winward, G. P., Avery, L. M., Frazer-Williams, R., Pidou, M., Jeffrey, P., Stephenson, T., & Jefferson, B. (2008). A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse. Ecological Engineering, 32(2), 187\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2007.11.001","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"13853_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/15730620802673087","volume":"6","author":"GP Winward","year":"2009","unstructured":"Winward, G. P., Avery, L. M., Stephenson, T., Jeffrey, P., Le Corre, K. S., Fewtrell, L., & Jefferson, B. (2009). Pathogens in urban wastewaters suitable for reuse. Urban Water Journal, 6(4), 291\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15730620802673087","journal-title":"Urban Water Journal"},{"key":"13853_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.07.005","volume":"144","author":"C Ziemba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ziemba, C., Lariv\u00e9, O., Reynaert, E., & Morgenroth, E. (2018). Chemical composition, nutrient-balancing and biological treatment of hand washing greywater. Water Research, 144, 752\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.07.005","journal-title":"Water Research"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-025-13853-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-025-13853-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-025-13853-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T03:28:00Z","timestamp":1744255680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-025-13853-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["13853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-025-13853-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"381"}}