{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T23:47:40Z","timestamp":1781394460229,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-14243-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T05:48:24Z","timestamp":1750916904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends of leading pollutant in a highly polluted global city: processes involved"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Latha","family":"Radhadevi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murthy","family":"Bandaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesobu","family":"Yarragunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gufran","family":"Beig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Rathod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7748","key":"14243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9","volume":"567","author":"V Amrhein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amrhein, V., Greenland, S., & McShane, B. (2019). Scientists rise up against statistical significance. Nature, 567(7748), 305\u2013307.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"14243_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30261-4","volume":"3","author":"K Balakrishnan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, K., Dey, S., Gupta, T., Dhaliwal, R. S., Brauer, M., Cohen, A. J., Stanaway, J. D., Beig, G., Joshi, T. K., Aggarwal, A. N., Sabde, Y., Sadhu, H., Frostad, J., Causey, K., Godwin, W., Shukla, D. K., Kumar, G. A., Varghese, C. M., Muraleedharan, P., & Dandona, L. (2019). The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: The global burden of disease study 2017. The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(1), e26\u2013e39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30261-4","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"14243_CR3","unstructured":"Beig, G., & Sahu, S. K. (2018). SAFAR -India (System of air quality and weather forecasting and research) executive summary high-resolution emission inventory of major air pollutants of Mega City DELHI for 2018 under SAFAR (System of air quality and weather forecasting and research)."},{"key":"14243_CR4","unstructured":"Beig, G., Chate, D. M., Sahu, S. K., Parkhi, N. S., Srinivas, R., Ali, K., Ghude, S. D., Yadav, S., & Trimbake, H. K. (2015). System of air quality forecasting and research ( SAFAR - India ). GAW Report No. 217, 41(217)."},{"key":"14243_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.347","volume":"681","author":"G Beig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beig, G., Srinivas, R., Parkhi, N. S., Carmichael, G. R., Singh, S., Sahu, S. K., Rathod, A., & Maji, S. (2019). Anatomy of the winter 2017 air quality emergency in Delhi. Science of the Total Environment, 681, 305\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.347","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"14243_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136126","volume":"709","author":"G Beig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beig, G., Sahu, S. K., Singh, V., Tikle, S., Sobhana, S. B., Gargeva, P., Ramakrishna, K., Rathod, A., & Murthy, B. S. (2020). Objective evaluation of stubble emission of North India and quantifying its impact on air quality of Delhi. Science of the Total Environment, 709, 136126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136126","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"September","key":"14243_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2021.105204","volume":"145","author":"G Beig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beig, G., Sahu, S. K., Anand, V., Bano, S., Maji, S., Rathod, A., Korhale, N., Sobhana, S. B., Parkhi, N., Mangaraj, P., Srinivas, R., Peshin, S. K., Singh, S., Shinde, R., & Trimbake, H. K. (2021). India\u2019s Maiden air quality forecasting framework for megacities of divergent environments: The SAFAR-project. Environmental Modelling and Software, 145(September), 105204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2021.105204","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling and Software"},{"issue":"May","key":"14243_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.05.026","volume":"186","author":"AD Bhanarkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhanarkar, A. D., Purohit, P., Rafaj, P., Amann, M., Bertok, I., Cofala, J., Rao, P. S., Vardhan, B. H., Kiesewetter, G., Sander, R., Sch\u00f6pp, W., Majumdar, D., Srivastava, A., Deshmukh, S., Kawarti, A., & Kumar, R. (2018). Managing future air quality in megacities: Co-benefit assessment for Delhi. Atmospheric Environment, 186(May), 158\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.05.026","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"14243_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brockwell, P. J., & Davis, R. A. (2002). Introduction to time series and forecasting, Second Edition Springer Texts in Statistics. Taylor and Francis.","DOI":"10.1007\/b97391"},{"key":"14243_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wild, O., Conibear, L., Ran, L., He, J., Wang, L., & Wang, Y. (2020). Local characteristics of and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four Indian megacities.Atmospheric Environment: X, 5(October 2019), 100052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeaoa.2019.100052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeaoa.2019.100052"},{"issue":"June 2022","key":"14243_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120928","volume":"319","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X., Li, X., Liang, J., Li, X., Li, S., Chen, G., Chen, Z., Dai, S., Bin, J., & Tang, Y. (2023). Causes of the unexpected slowness in reducing winter PM2.5 for 2014\u20132018 in Henan Province. Environmental Pollution, 319(June 2022), 120928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120928","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"5","key":"14243_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220191","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.220191","volume":"22","author":"Chetna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chetna, Dhaka, S. K., Longiany, G., Panwar, V., Kumar, V., Malik, S., Singh, N., Dimri, A. P., Matsumi, Y., Nakayama, T., & Hayashida, S. (2022). Trends and variability of PM2.5 at different time scales over Delhi: Long-term analysis 2007\u20132021. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 22(5), 220191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4209\/aaqr.220191","journal-title":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research"},{"key":"14243_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi, M. W., Lee, J. H., Woo, J. W., Kim, C. H., & Lee, S. H. (2019). Comparison of PM2.5 chemical components over East Asia simulated by the WRF-Chem and WRF\/CMAQ models: On the models' prediction inconsistency. Atmosphere, 10(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos10100618","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10100618"},{"key":"14243_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2020.05.012","author":"G Choo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choo, G., Seo, J., Yoon, J., Kim, D., & Lee, D. (2020). Analysis of long-term (2005\u20132018) trends in tropospheric NO2 percentiles over Northeast Asia. Atmospheric Pollution Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apr.2020.05.012","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollution Research"},{"key":"14243_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chopra, B., Singh, B., & Khuman, Y. S. C. (2022). International review for spatial planning and sustainable development A (IRSPSDA) A: Planning strategies and design concepts, 10(3), 128\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14246\/irspsd.10.3_128","DOI":"10.14246\/irspsd.10.3_128"},{"issue":"22","key":"14243_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900888116","volume":"166","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Dey, S., Guttikunda, S., Pillarisetti, A., Smith, K. R., & Girolamo, L. D. (2019). Indian annual ambient air quality standard is achievable by completely mitigating emissions from household sources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 166(22), 10711\u201310716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1900888116","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"14243_CR17","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"RB Cleveland","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cleveland, R. B., Cleveland, W. S., McRae, J. E., & Terpenning, I. (1990). STL: A seasonal-trend decomposition. J. off. Stat., 6(1), 3\u201373.","journal-title":"J. off. Stat."},{"issue":"1","key":"14243_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02986-7","volume":"9","author":"L Conibear","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conibear, L., Butt, E. W., Knote, C., Arnold, S. R., & Spracklen, D. V. (2018). Residential energy use emissions dominate health impacts from exposure to ambient particulate matter in India. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-02986-7","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"14243_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dey, S., Tripathi, S. N., Singh, R. P., & Holben, B. N. (2004). Influence of dust storms on the aerosol optical properties over the Indo-Gangetic basin. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, 109(20). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004JD004924","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004924"},{"issue":"August","key":"14243_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106395","volume":"280","author":"H Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du, H., Li, J., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Yang, W., Sun, Y., Xin, J., Pan, X., Wang, W., Ye, Q., & Dao, X. (2022). Assessment of the effect of meteorological and emission variations on winter PM2.5 over the North China Plain in the three-year action plan against air pollution in 2018\u20132020. Atmospheric Research, 280(August), 106395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106395","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"14243_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00792-3","volume":"14","author":"G Geng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geng, G., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Q., Xue, T., Zhao, H., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., He, K., & Davis, S. J. (2021). Drivers of PM2.5 air pollution deaths in China 2002\u20132017. Nature Geoscience, 14(9), 645\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-021-00792-3","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"14243_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6269","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-6269-2019","volume":"2","author":"AK Georgoulias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Georgoulias, A. K., Stammes, P., Boersma, K. F., Eskes, H. J., Bilt, D., Group AQ. (2019). Trends and trend reversal detection in 2 decades of tropospheric NO2 satellite observations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2, 6269\u20136294.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"key":"14243_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goel, V., Mishra, S. K., Pal, P., Ahlawat, A., Vijayan, N., Jain, S., & Sharma, C. (2020). Influence of chemical aging on physico-chemical properties of mineral dust particles: A case study of 2016 dust storms over Delhi. Environmental Pollution, 267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115338"},{"key":"14243_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong, S., Liu, H., Zhang, B., He, J., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, L., & Wang, J. (2021). Assessment of meteorology vs. control measures in the China fine particular matter trend from 2013 to 2019 by an environmental meteorology index. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(4), 2999\u20133013.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-2999-2021","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-2999-2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"14243_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-6-107-2006","volume":"6","author":"A Guenther","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., & Geron, C. (2006). Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 6(1), 107\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acpd-6-107-2006","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions"},{"key":"14243_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gupta, R.K. (2021). The land use pattern of national capital region Delhi using geo-informatics. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2021, 9(5), 507\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/aees-9-5-1","DOI":"10.12691\/aees-9-5-1"},{"key":"14243_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.07.006","volume":"95","author":"SK Guttikunda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guttikunda, S. K., Goel, R., & Pant, P. (2014). Nature of air pollution, emission sources, and management in the Indian cities. Atmospheric Environment, 95, 501\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.07.006","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"26","key":"14243_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg7670","volume":"7","author":"MS Hammer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hammer, M. S., Donkelaar, A. V., Martin, R. V., McDuffie, E. E., Lyapustin, A., Sayer, A. M., Hsu, N. C., Levy, R. C., Garay, M. J., Kalashnikova, O. V., & Kahn, R. A. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on fine particulate matter concentrations. Science Advances, 7(26), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abg7670","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"14243_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jena, C., Ghude, S. D., Kumar, R., Debnath, S., Govardhan, G., Soni, V. K., Kulkarni, S. H., Beig, G., & Nanjundiah, R. S. (2021). Performance of high resolution (400 m) PM2.5 forecast over Delhi. Scientific Reports, 400 m, 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-83467-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83467-8"},{"issue":"November2021","key":"14243_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119075","volume":"277","author":"R Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, R., He, C., Bhardwaj, P., Lacey, F., Buchholz, R. R., Brasseur, G. P., Joubert, W., Labuschagne, C., Kozlova, E., & Mkololo, T. (2022). Assessment of regional carbon monoxide simulations over Africa and insights into source attribution and regional transport. Atmospheric Environment, 277(November2021), 119075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119075","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"14243_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116907","volume":"328","author":"R Latha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Latha, R., Bano, S., More, D., Ambulkar, R., Mondal, T., Maurya, P., & Murthy, B. S. (2023). On the transition of major pollutant and O3 production regime during Covid-19 lockdowns. Journal of Environmental Management, 328, 116907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116907","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"19","key":"14243_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10619","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-10619-2014","volume":"14","author":"P Marrapu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marrapu, P., Cheng, Y., Beig, G., Sahu, S., Srinivas, R., & Carmichael, G. R. (2014). Air quality in Delhi during the commonwealth games. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(19), 10619\u201310630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-14-10619-2014","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"key":"14243_CR33","unstructured":"MOEF & CC. (2019).National clean air programme. Press Information Bureau, GoI, 1\u20138. https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1559384. Accessed\u00a018 July 2022."},{"key":"14243_CR34","unstructured":"MoEFCC. (2015). National air quality index. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), January, 1\u201344. https:\/\/app.cpcbccr.com\/ccr_docs\/FINAL-REPORT_AQI_.pdf"},{"key":"14243_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai, D. S., Sridhar, L., Rajeevan, M., Sreejith, O. P., Satbhai, N. S., & Mukhopadyay, B. (2014). Development of a new high spatial resolution (0.25\u00b0 \u00d7 0.25\u00b0) Long Period (1901\u20132010) daily gridded rainfall data set over India and its comparison with existing data sets over the region (Vol. 65, Issue 1).","DOI":"10.54302\/mausam.v65i1.851"},{"issue":"March","key":"14243_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105147","volume":"133","author":"P Purohit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Purohit, P., Amann, M., Kiesewetter, G., Rafaj, P., Chaturvedi, V., Dholakia, H. H., Koti, P. N., Klimont, Z., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Gomez-Sanabria, A., Sch\u00f6pp, W., & Sander, R. (2019). Mitigation pathways towards national ambient air quality standards in India. Environment International, 133(March), 105147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105147","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"14243_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-023-02595-x","volume":"38","author":"K Ravindra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ravindra, K., Vakacherla, S., Singh, T., et al. (2024). Long-term trend of PM2.5 over five Indian megacities using a new statistical approach. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 38, 715\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-023-02595-x","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"14243_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2014.07.0132","volume":"15","author":"SK Sahu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sahu, S. K., Beig, G., & Parkhi, N. (2015). High resolution emission inventory of NOx and CO for mega city Delhi, India. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 15(3), 1137\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4209\/aaqr.2014.07.0132","journal-title":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"14243_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GH000170","volume":"3","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Chauhan, A., & Kumar, R. (2019). Impact of deadly dust storms (May 2018) on air quality, meteorological, and atmospheric parameters over the Northern Parts of India. GeoHealth, 3(3), 67\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018GH000170","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"14243_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., & Noone, K. (2006). Atmospheric chemistry and physics: From air pollution to climate change. Physics Today, 51(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.882420","DOI":"10.1063\/1.882420"},{"key":"14243_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sethi, D., Radhakrishnan, S. R., Sharma, C., & Mishra, S. K. (2020).Aerosol optical properties over Delhi during a dust event in summer 2014: plausible implications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12648-021","DOI":"10.1007\/s12648-021"},{"issue":"11","key":"14243_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112112","volume":"13","author":"MZ Shahid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shahid, M. Z., Chishtie, F., Bilal, M., & Shahid, I. (2021). Wrf-chem simulation for modeling seasonal variations and distributions of aerosol pollutants over the middle east. Remote Sensing, 13(11), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13112112","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"3","key":"14243_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-022-03506-6","volume":"109","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma, S. K., Mandal, T. K., Banoo, R., Rai, A., & Rani, M. (2022). Long-term variation in carbonaceous components of PM2.5 from 2012 to 2021 in Delhi. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 109(3), 502\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00128-022-03506-6","journal-title":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"key":"14243_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD022563","volume":"120","author":"M Shrivastava","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shrivastava, M., Easter, R. C., Liu, X., Zelenyuk, A., Singh, B., Zhang, K., Ma, P. L., Chand, D., Ghan, S., & Jimenez, J. L. (2015). Global transformation and fate of SOA Implications of low-volatility SOA and gas-phase fragmentation reactions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 120, 4169\u20134195.","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"},{"key":"14243_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141461","volume":"750","author":"V Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, V., Singh, S., & Biswal, A. (2021). Exceedances and trends of particulate matter (PM 2.5) in five Indian megacities. Science of the Total Environment, 750, 141461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141461","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"14243_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Solmon, F., Nair, V. S., & Mallet, M. (2015). Increasing Arabian dust activity and the Indian summer monsoon. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8051\u20138064.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-8051-2015","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-8051-2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"14243_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2015.07.001","volume":"7","author":"R Srinivas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srinivas, R., Panicker, A. S., Parkhi, N. S., Peshin, S. K., & Beig, G. (2016). Sensitivity of online coupled model to extreme pollution event over a mega city Delhi. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7(1), 25\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apr.2015.07.001","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollution Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"14243_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-8017-2018","volume":"18","author":"C Venkataraman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Venkataraman, C., Brauer, M., Tibrewal, K., Sadavarte, P., Ma, Q., Cohen, A., Chaliyakunnel, S., Frostad, J., Klimont, Z., Martin, R. V., Millet, D. B., Philip, S., Walker, K., & Wang, S. (2018). Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015\u20132050). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(11), 8017\u20138039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-8017-2018","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"December 2021","key":"14243_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2022.101254","volume":"45","author":"N Verma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verma, N., & Nagendra, S. M. S. (2022). Long-term trend analysis of criteria pollutants in megacity of Delhi: Failure or success of control policies. Urban Climate, 45(December 2021), 101254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2022.101254","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"issue":"17","key":"14243_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11303","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-11303-2019","volume":"19","author":"VT Vu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vu, V. T., Shi, Z., Cheng, J., Zhang, Q., He, K., Wang, S., & Harrison, M. R. (2019). Assessing the impact of clean air action on air quality trends in Beijing using a machine learning technique. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19(17), 11303\u201311314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-19-11303-2019","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"July 2018","key":"14243_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.10.001","volume":"197","author":"H Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, H., Li, J., Peng, Y., Zhang, M., Che, H., & Zhang, X. (2019). The impacts of the meteorology features on PM2.5 levels during a severe haze episode in central-east China. Atmospheric Environment, 197(July 2018), 177\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.10.001","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"14243_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA\u2019s statement on p-values: Context, process, and purpose. In American Statistician (Vol. 70, Issue 2, pp. 129\u2013133). American Statistical Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108"},{"issue":"4","key":"14243_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-4-625-2011","volume":"4","author":"C Wiedinmyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wiedinmyer, C., Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Emmons, L. K., Orlando, J. J., Soja, A. J., Al-Saadi, J. A., Orlando, J. J., & Soja, A. J. (2011). The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): A high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning. Geoscientific Model Development, 4(4), 625\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-4-625-2011","journal-title":"Geoscientific Model Development"},{"issue":"12","key":"14243_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9475","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-9475-2021","volume":"21","author":"Q Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao, Q., Zheng, Y., Geng, G., Chen, C., Huang, X., Che, H., Zhang, X., He, K., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Separating emission and meteorological contributions to long-term PM2.5 trends over eastern China during 2000\u20132018. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(12), 9475\u20139496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-9475-2021","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"key":"14243_CR55","unstructured":"Yadav, A.K., Yadav, D., Choudhary, I., Singh, M., & Sharma., Y. (2021). Land use change detection using remote sensing technology. International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends, 7(4), 2395\u2013566X."},{"issue":"2","key":"14243_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2020.1712100","volume":"57","author":"Y Yarragunta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yarragunta, Y., Srivastava, S., Mitra, D., & Chandola, H. C. H. C. (2020). Influence of forest fire episodes on the distribution of gaseous air pollutants over Uttarakhand, India. Giscience and Remote Sensing, 57(2), 190\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15481603.2020.1712100","journal-title":"Giscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"14243_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yin, H., Lu, X., Sun, Y., Li, K., Gao, M., Zheng, B., & Liu, C. (2021). Unprecedented decline in summertime surface ozone over eastern China in 2020 comparably attributable to anthropogenic emission reductions and meteorology. Environmental Research Letters, 16(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac3e22","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac3e22"},{"issue":"13","key":"14243_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD008782","volume":"113","author":"RA Zaveri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zaveri, R. A., Easter, R. C., Fast, J. D., & Peters, L. K. (2008). Model for simulating aerosol interactions and chemistry (MOSAIC). Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 113(13), 1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007JD008782","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres"},{"issue":"2","key":"14243_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.11.067","volume":"154","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Lee, C. S., Zhang, R., & Chen, L. (2017). Spatial and temporal evaluation of long term trend (2005\u20132014) of OMI retrieved NO2 and SO2 concentrations in Henan Province, China. Atmospheric Environment, 154(2), 151\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.11.067","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"14243_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Zheng, Y., Tong, D., Shao, M., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, X., Wang, J., He, H., Liu, W., Ding, Y., Lei, Y., Li, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Cheng, J., Liu, Y., Shi, Q., \u2026 Hao, J. (2019). Drivers of improved PM2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(49), 24463\u201324469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1907956116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1907956116"},{"issue":"3","key":"14243_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04678","volume":"54","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Vu, T. V., Sun, J., He, J., Shen, X., Lin, W., Zhang, X., Zhong, J., Gao, W., Wang, Y., Fu, T. M., Ma, Y., Li, W., & Shi, Z. (2020). Significant changes in chemistry of fine particles in wintertime Beijing from 2007 to 2017: Impact of clean air actions. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(3), 1344\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.9b04678","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"14243_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aosl.2020.100014","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Ma, Z., Gao, Y., & Zhang, M. (2021). Impacts of the meteorological condition versus emissions reduction on the PM2.5 concentration over Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei during the COVID-19 lockdown. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 14(4), 100014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aosl.2020.100014","journal-title":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters"},{"issue":"9","key":"14243_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-4631-2013","volume":"13","author":"PS Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao, P. S., Dong, F., He, D., Zhao, X. J., Zhang, X. L., Zhang, W. Z., Yao, Q., & Liu, H. Y. (2013). Characteristics of concentrations and chemical compositions for PM2.5 in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(9), 4631\u20134644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-13-4631-2013","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14243-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14243-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14243-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:09:23Z","timestamp":1752138563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14243-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["14243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14243-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on \u201cEthical responsibilities of Authors\u201d as found in the Instructions for Authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"812"}}