{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:15:28Z","timestamp":1778814928683,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fungal disease is on the rise, coupled with fungal pathogens increasing in geographic range. Studies have shown that viable fungal pathogens may be present in beach sand and water, and consequently, efforts are ongoing in Europe to develop guidelines for fungi levels at beaches. In the USA, fungal diseases are a growing concern, and yet, they are not subject to public health reporting, and beach environments are currently not routinely monitored for fungal pathogens. This study measured fungal and enterococci levels at two beaches within a subtropical environment in Miami, FL. Samples were analyzed by culture-based methods, with fungi species confirmation by targeted PCR and sequencing. A unique aspect of this study is the analysis with higher incubation temperatures (37\u00a0\u00b0C and 40\u00a0\u00b0C) to isolate mesophilic fungi that can cause invasive infections. Results show that levels of fungi were strongly influenced by sample matrix (sand or water). The most common fungal species observed belonged to the\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    genera, with the isolation of 25 taxa with reports of causing infections, of which 20 were previously reported to exhibit resistance to some or all classes of antifungals available. Results emphasize the need for fungal specific analyses to better understand beach-related disease risks. Given the current increase in cases of fungal diseases and the presence of viable fungi in the environment, integrating fungal measurements in routine microbiological monitoring programs is critical for assessing the beach transmission of pathogenic fungal disease and the control of emerging fungal pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-14909-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:48:02Z","timestamp":1768290482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A case for monitoring fungi of clinical relevance at beaches: enterococci measures do not correlate with all disease risks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Mont\u00e1s-Bravo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena M.","family":"Solo-Gabriele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora F.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaaz","family":"Amirali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian P.","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rivka","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Sarioglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhavarth S.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella J.","family":"Tavarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Val\u00e9rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"14909_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiad039","volume":"99","author":"AA Abdool-Ghany","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdool-Ghany, A. A., Klaus, J. S., Sosa Villegas, L. E., et al. (2023). Microbial communities in the water surface microlayer and associations with microbes in aerosols, beach sand, and bulk water. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 99(5), Article fiad039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsec\/fiad039","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology"},{"key":"14909_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.08.160","volume":"573","author":"R Abreu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abreu, R., Figueira, C., Rom\u00e3o, D., Brand\u00e3o, J., et al. (2016). Sediment characteristics and microbiological contamination of beach sand \u2013 A case-study in the archipelago of Madeira. Science of the Total Environment, 573, 627\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.08.160","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"11","key":"14909_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy776","volume":"68","author":"K Benedict","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benedict, K., Jackson, B. R., Chiller, T., & Beer, K. D. (2019). Estimation of direct healthcare costs of fungal diseases in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 68(11), 1791\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy776","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"14909_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04440.x","volume":"107","author":"AB Boehm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boehm, A. B., Griffith, J., McGee, C., et al. (2009). Faecal indicator bacteria enumeration in beach sand: a comparison study of extraction methods in medium to coarse sands. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107(5), 1740\u20131750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04440.x","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijab\/2022.019","volume":"11","author":"B Boumaaza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boumaaza, B., Gacemi, A., Benzohra, I. E., Benada, M., Boudalia, S., Belaidi, H., & Khaladi, O. (2022). Impact of salinity on the behavior of fungi. Int J Agri Biosci, 11(3), 139\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47278\/journal.ijab\/2022.019","journal-title":"Int J Agri Biosci"},{"key":"14909_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146598","volume":"781","author":"J Brand\u00e3o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o, J., Gangneux, J. P., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Barac, A., Bostanaru, A. C., et al. (2021). Mycosands: Fungal diversity and abundance in beach sand and recreational waters \u2014 Relevance to human health. Science of the Total Environment, 781, Article 146598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146598","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031444","volume":"19","author":"J Brand\u00e3o","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o, J., Weiskerger, C., Val\u00e9rio, E., Pitk\u00e4nen, T., et al. (2022). Climate change impacts on microbiota in beach sand and water: Looking ahead. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19031444","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"14909_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.114342","volume":"185","author":"A Carducci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carducci, A., Federigi, I., Balestri, E., et al. (2022). Virus contamination and infectivity in beach environment: Focus on sand and stranded material. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 185, Article 114342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.114342","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"14909_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01397-19","volume":"10","author":"A Casadevall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casadevall, A., Kontoyiannis, D. P., & Robert, V. (2019). On the emergence of Candida auris: Climate change, azoles, swamps, and birds. Mbio, 10(4), Article e01397-19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01397-19","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"14909_CR10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024). Reportable fungal diseases by state. Fungal Diseases. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/php\/case-reporting\/index.html.\u00a0Accessed 1 July 2025."},{"key":"14909_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160132","volume":"859","author":"M Cogliati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cogliati, M., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Barac, A., Bostanaru, A. C., Brito, S., et al. (2023). Environmental and bioclimatic factors influencing yeasts and molds distribution along European shores. Science of the Total Environment, 859, Article 160132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160132","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"14909_CR12","unstructured":"Cytiva. (2013). IllustraTM ExoProStarTM 1-STEP kits. VWR. https:\/\/pt.vwr.com\/store\/product\/7995780\/illustratm-exoprostartm-1-step-kits. Accessed 20 Nov 2023."},{"issue":"23","key":"14909_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20237134","volume":"20","author":"M Deligios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deligios, M., Mazzarello, V., Fiamma, M., et al. (2023). Seasonal variation in fungi in beach sand in summertime: Stintino (Italy). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(23), Article 7134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20237134","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"Supp 2","key":"14909_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/10.Supplement_2.S428","volume":"10","author":"RD Diamond","year":"1988","unstructured":"Diamond, R. D. (1988). Fungal surfaces: Effects of interactions with phagocytic cells. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 10(Supp 2), 428\u2013431.","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"14909_CR15","first-page":"799","volume":"5","author":"A Diop","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diop, A., Diongue, K., Ndiaye, M., et al. (2024). Fungal biodiversity of the IFAN beach sand in Dakar, Senegal. Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 5(2), 799\u2013806.","journal-title":"Microbes and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"14909_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dix, N. J., & Webster, J. (1995). Fungi of extreme environments. In N. J. Dix, & J. Webster (Eds.), Fungal ecology (pp. 322\u2013340). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-011-0693-1_12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0693-1_12"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"14909_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.05.024","volume":"121","author":"A Donahue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Donahue, A., Feng, Z., Kelly, E., et al. (2017). Significance of beach geomorphology on fecal indicator bacteria levels. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 121(1\u20132), 160\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.05.024","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR18","first-page":"232","volume":"38","author":"PH Dunn","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dunn, P. H., & Baker, G. E. (1984). Filamentous fungal populations of Hawaiian beaches. Pacific Science, 38(3), 232\u2013248.","journal-title":"Pacific Science"},{"key":"14909_CR19","first-page":"51","volume":"2","author":"L Echevarr\u00eda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Echevarr\u00eda, L. (2019). Molecular identification of filamentous fungi diversity in North Coast beaches sands of Puerto Rico. International Journal of Molecular Microbiology, 2, 51\u201361.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"14909_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1960.5.4.0366","volume":"5","author":"JW Fell","year":"1960","unstructured":"Fell, J. W., Ahearn, D. G., Meyers, S. P., et al. (1960). Isolation of yeasts from Biscayne Bay, Florida and adjacent benthic areas. Limnology and Oceanography, 5(4), 366\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4319\/lo.1960.5.4.0366","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"14909_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.03.019","volume":"94","author":"Z Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng, Z., Reniers, A., Haus, B. K., et al. (2015). A predictive model for microbial counts on beaches where intertidal sand is the primary source. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 94(1\u20132), 37\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.03.019","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"14909_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.02.011","volume":"104","author":"Z Feng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feng, Z., Reniers, A., Haus, B. K., et al. (2016). Wave energy level and geographic setting correlate with Florida beach water quality. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 104(1\u20132), 54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.02.011","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"15","key":"14909_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152783","volume":"16","author":"A Ferguson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferguson, A., Del Donno, C., Obeng-Gyasi, E., et al. (2019). Children exposure-related behavior patterns and risk perception associated with recreational beach use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), Article 2783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16152783","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"14909_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063274","volume":"18","author":"A Ferguson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferguson, A., Dwivedi, A., Adelabu, F., et al. (2021a). Quantified activity patterns for young children in beach environments relevant for exposure to contaminants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), Article 3274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18063274","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"14909_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124196","volume":"17","author":"A Ferguson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferguson, A., Dwivedi, A. K., Ehindero, E., Adelabu, F., et al. (2020). Soil, hand, and body adherence measures across four beach areas: Potential influence on exposure to oil spill chemicals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), Article 4196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17124196","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-020-00269-2","volume":"31","author":"A Ferguson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferguson, A., Rattler, K., Perone, H., et al. (2021b). Soil\u2013skin adherence measures from hand press trials in a Gulf study of exposures. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 31(1), 158\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-020-00269-2","journal-title":"Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"},{"key":"14909_CR27","unstructured":"Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) (2021). Florida Administrative Code (FAC), Rule: 62\u2013302.530 Table: Surface Water Quality Criteria. 62\u2013302.530. Available online: https:\/\/www.flrules.org\/gateway\/RuleNo.asp?ID=62-302.530. Accessed 1 July 2025."},{"issue":"9","key":"14909_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8090950","volume":"8","author":"M Frenkel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frenkel, M., Serhan, H., Blum, S. E., et al. (2022). What is hiding in the Israeli Mediterranean seawater and beach sand. Journal of Fungi, 8(9), Article 950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8090950","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"2","key":"14909_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad137","volume":"62","author":"J-P Gangneux","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gangneux, J.-P., Brand\u00e3o, J., Segal, E., the ECMM\/ISHAM MYCOSANDS study group. (2024). Knowledge and regulation on fungal contamination of sand and water: Progress report and perspectives. Medical Mycology, 62(2), Article myad137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad137","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"key":"14909_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1210192","author":"A Gitter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gitter, A., Gidley, M., Mena, K. D., et al. (2023). Integrating microbial source tracking with quantitative microbial risk assessment to evaluate site specific risk based thresholds at two South Florida beaches. Frontiers in Microbiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1210192","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"14909_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gostin\u010dar, C., Coleine, C., Gunde-Cimerman, N., & Stajich, J. E. (2024). Fungi from extreme environments: Genome sequences and beyond. In Nowrousian, M., & Stajich, J. E. (Eds.), Fungal genomics. The mycota (Vol 13). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-75666-5_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-75666-5_3"},{"key":"14909_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00796-9","volume":"21","author":"NAR Gow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gow, N. A. R., & Lenardon, M. D. (2023). Architecture of the dynamic fungal cell wall. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21, 248\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00796-9","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy009","volume":"42","author":"N Gunde-Cimerman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunde-Cimerman, N., Plemenita\u0161, A., & Oren, A. (2018). Strategies of adaptation of microorganisms of the three domains of life to high salt concentrations. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 42(3), 353\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuy009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"41","key":"14909_CR34","first-page":"95","volume":"41","author":"TA Hall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. In Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41(41), 95\u201398.","journal-title":"In Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"},{"key":"14909_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14318","author":"KA Hamilton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamilton, K. A., Ciol Harrison, J., Mitchell, J., et al. (2024). Research gaps and priorities for quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Risk Analysis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.14318","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44528-2","volume":"13","author":"EK Hayes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hayes, E. K., Gouthro, M. T., Fuller, M., et al. (2023). Enhanced detection of viruses for improved water safety. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 17336\u201317336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-44528-2","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"14909_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01647","volume":"10","author":"MTV Hoang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoang, M. T. V., Irinyi, L., Chen, S. C. A., et al. (2019). Dual DNA barcoding for the molecular identification of the agents of invasive fungal infections. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, Article 1647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01647","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2006.11.003","volume":"17","author":"A Kalkanci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kalkanci, A., Berk, E., Aykan, B., et al. (2007). Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from hospitalized patients. Journal De Mycologie M\u00e9dicale, 17(1), 16\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mycmed.2006.11.003","journal-title":"Journal De Mycologie M\u00e9dicale"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1969.12018767","volume":"61","author":"RA Kishimoto","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kishimoto, R. A., & Baker, G. E. (1969). Pathogenic and potentially pathogenic fungi isolated from beach sands and selected soils of Oahu, Hawaii. Mycologia, 61(3), 537\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00275514.1969.12018767","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"14909_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01498.x","volume":"12","author":"L Klingspor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klingspor, L., & Jalal, S. (2006). Molecular detection and identification of Candida and Aspergillus spp. from clinical samples using real-time PCR. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12(8), 745\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01498.x","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00436224","volume":"108","author":"JV Larrondo","year":"1989","unstructured":"Larrondo, J. V., & Calvo, M. A. (1989). Fungal density in the sands of the Mediterranean coast beaches. Mycopathologia, 108(3), 185\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00436224","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-023-00011-1","volume":"61","author":"JW Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, J. W., Seo, C. W., Lee, W., et al. (2023). Diversity and dynamics of marine arenicolous fungi in three seasides of the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Microbiology, 61(1), 63\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12275-023-00011-1","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"14909_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9101015","volume":"9","author":"W Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, W., Li, Q., Pan, Z., Burgaud, G., et al. (2023). Seasonal and spatial dynamics of fungal diversity and communities in the intertidal zones of Qingdao, China. Journal of Fungi, 9(10), Article 1015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9101015","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"2","key":"14909_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020151","volume":"7","author":"SR Lockhart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lockhart, S. R., Toda, M., Benedict, K., et al. (2021). Endemic and other dimorphic mycoses in The Americas. Journal of Fungi, 7(2), Article 151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7020151","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"key":"14909_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JSWBAY.0000936","author":"AM McKee","year":"2021","unstructured":"McKee, A. M., & Cruz, M. A. (2021). Microbial and viral indicators of pathogens and human health risks from recreational exposure to waters impaired by fecal contamination. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/JSWBAY.0000936","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"14909_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.08.002","volume":"22","author":"SL McLellan","year":"2014","unstructured":"McLellan, S. L., & Eren, A. M. (2014). Discovering new indicators of fecal pollution. Trends in Microbiology (Regular Ed.), 22(12), 697\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2014.08.002","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology (Regular Ed.)"},{"key":"14909_CR47","unstructured":"Meletiadis, J., Guinea, J., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Friberg, N., Kahlmeter, G., the Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European 331 Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). (2022). EUCAST definitive document E.Def 10.2: screening method for the detection of azole and echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus using antifungal containing agar plates, exemplified by A. fumigatus. Available at: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/AFST\/Files\/EUCAST_EDef_10.2_agar_screening_method_final.pdf. Last accessed on August 19, 2024."},{"key":"14909_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2003.860.866","volume":"6","author":"FF Migahed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Migahed, F. F. (2003). Distribution of fungi in the sandy soil of Egyptian beaches. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 860\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/pjbs.2003.860.866","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010459","volume":"20","author":"M Moazeni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moazeni, M., Hedayati, M. T., Haghani, I., et al. (2023). Caspian Sea Mycosands: The variety and abundance of medically important fungi in beach sand and water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20010459","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"14909_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Montas Bravo, L., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., et.al. (2024). Enterococci pathways to coastal waters and implications of sea level rise. Water Research (Oxford), 254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121341"},{"issue":"9","key":"14909_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090957","volume":"11","author":"AE Moskaluk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moskaluk, A. E., & VandeWoude, S. (2022). Current topics in dermatophyte classification and clinical diagnosis. Pathogens, 11(9), Article 957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11090957","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"14909_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Novak Babi\u010d, M., Gunde-Cimerman, N., Breskvar, et al. (2022). Occurrence, diversity and anti-fungal resistance of fungi in sand of an urban beach in Slovenia\u2014Environmental monitoring with possible health risk implications. Journal of Fungi, 8(8), 860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8080860","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080860"},{"issue":"5","key":"14909_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1515\/bot-2023-0031","volume":"66","author":"J Olguin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olguin, J., Velez, P., Sol\u00eds-Weiss, V., et al. (2023). An overview of fungal taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity in coastal and oceanic biomes in megadiverse Mexico. Botanica Marina, 66(5), 471\u2013490.","journal-title":"Botanica Marina"},{"key":"14909_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00199","volume":"5","author":"A Plemenitas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Plemenitas, A., Lenassi, M., Konte, T., Kejzar, A., Zajc, J., Gostincar, C., & Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2014). Adaptation to high salt concentrations in halotolerant\/halophilic fungi: A molecular perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, 199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00199","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"14909_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13241","volume":"64","author":"A Prigitano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prigitano, A., Esposto, M. C., Grancini, A., Biffi, A., et al. (2021). Azole resistance in Aspergillus isolates by different types of patients and correlation with environment \u2013 An Italian prospective multicentre study (AriA study). Mycoses, 64(5), 528\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13241","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"2","key":"14909_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160417","volume":"859","author":"A Prigitano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prigitano, A., Trovato, L., Esposto, M. C., et al. (2023). Fungal diversity in lake and sea beaches of Italy: Relevance to human health. Science of the Total Environment, 859(2), Article 160417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160417","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab593","volume":"9","author":"E Rayens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rayens, E., & Norris, K. A. (2022). Prevalence and healthcare burden of fungal infections in the United States, 2018. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(1), Article ofab593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab593","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"14909_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100137","volume":"3","author":"GKK Reddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reddy, G. K. K., Padmavathi, A. R., & Nancharaiah, Y. V. (2022). Fungal infections: Pathogenesis, antifungals and alternate treatment approaches. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 3, 100137\u2013100137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100137","journal-title":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-015-0230-5","volume":"9","author":"D Rom\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rom\u00e3o, D., Sabino, R., Ver\u00edssimo, C., et al. (2015). Children and sand play: Screening of potential harmful microorganisms in sandboxes, parks, and beaches. Current Fungal Infection Reports, 9(3), 155\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12281-015-0230-5","journal-title":"Current Fungal Infection Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.04.036","volume":"119","author":"D Rom\u00e3o","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rom\u00e3o, D., Staley, C., Ferreira, F., et al. (2017). Next-generation sequencing and culture-based techniques offer complementary insights into fungi and prokaryotes in beach sands. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(1), 351\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.04.036","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"14909_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.091","volume":"472","author":"R Sabino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sabino, R., Rodrigues, R., Costa, I., et al. (2014a). Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health. Science of the Total Environment, 472, 1062\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.091","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"5","key":"14909_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu006","volume":"52","author":"R Sabino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sabino, R., Ver\u00edssimo, C., Parada, H., et al. (2014b). Molecular screening of 246 Portuguese Aspergillus isolates among different clinical and environmental sources. Medical Mycology, 52(5), 519\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myu006","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2006.04.001","volume":"83","author":"V-S Salvo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salvo, V.-S., & Fabiano, M. (2007). Mycological assessment of sediments in Ligurian beaches in the Northwestern Mediterranean: Pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. Journal of Environmental Management, 83(3), 365\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2006.04.001","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"11","key":"14909_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3731-3732.1999","volume":"37","author":"P Sandven","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sandven, P., & Lassen, J. (1999). Importance of selective media for recovery of yeasts from clinical specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(11), 3731\u20133732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3731-3732.1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"14909_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.115895","volume":"198","author":"R Selvarajan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Selvarajan, R., Sibanda, T., Ullah, H., & Abia, A. L. K. (2024). Beach sand mycobiome: The silent threat of pathogenic fungi and toxic metal contamination for beachgoers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 198, Article 115895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.115895","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"14909_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/74.2.197","volume":"74","author":"HJ Shadomy","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shadomy, H. J., & Philpot, C. M. (1980). Utilization of standard laboratory methods in the laboratory diagnosis of problem dermatophytes. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 74(2), 197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/74.2.197","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"14909_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05013.x","volume":"110","author":"AH Shah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shah, A. H., Abdelzaher, A. M., Phillips, M., et al. (2011). Indicator microbes correlate with pathogenic bacteria, yeasts and helminthes in sand at a subtropical recreational beach site. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 110(6), 1571\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05013.x","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"14909_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339911","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2024.1339911","volume":"5","author":"K Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah, K., Deshpande, M., & Shah, P. (2024). Healthcare-associated fungal infections and emerging pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Fungal Biology, 5, 1339911\u20131339911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ffunb.2024.1339911","journal-title":"Frontiers in Fungal Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"14909_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1021\/es203638x","volume":"46","author":"T Shibata","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shibata, T., & Solo-Gabriele, H. M. (2012). Quantitative microbial risk assessment of human illness from exposure to marine beach sand. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(5), 2799\u20132805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es203638x","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"14909_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082031","volume":"11","author":"I Soffritti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soffritti, I., D\u2019Accolti, M., Bini, F., et al. (2023). Characterization of the pathogenic potential of the beach sand microbiome and assessment of quicklime as a remediation tool. Microorganisms, 11(8), Article 2031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11082031","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"7","key":"14909_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140429","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.140429","volume":"2","author":"CE Tilburg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tilburg, C. E., Jordan, L. M., & Carlson, et. (2015). The effects of precipitation, river discharge, land use and coastal circulation on water quality in coastal Maine. Royal Society Open Science, 2(7), 140429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.140429","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65580-0","volume":"58","author":"E Valerio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valerio, E., Gadanho, M., & Sampaio, J. P. (2008). Reappraisal of the Sporobolomyces roseus species complex and description of Sporidiobolus metaroseus sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58(3), 736\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijs.0.65580-0","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"14909_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526-020-01148-7","volume":"51","author":"P Velez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Velez, P., Walker, A. K., Gasca-Pineda, J., et al. (2021). Fine-scale temporal variation of intertidal marine fungal community structure: Insights from an impacted Baja California sandy beach in Mexico. Marine Biodiversity, 51(1), 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12526-020-01148-7","journal-title":"Marine Biodiversity"},{"key":"14909_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2022.101164","volume":"60","author":"P Velez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Velez, P., Walker, A. K., Gonz\u00e1lez, M. C., Narayanan, S. S. S., & Nakagiri, A. (2022). In depth review of the ecology of arenicolous marine fungi. Fungal Ecology, 60, 101164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.funeco.2022.101164","journal-title":"Fungal Ecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"14909_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-022-02757-5","volume":"204","author":"AK Wani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wani, A. K., Akhtar, N., Sher, F., Navarrete, A. A., & Am\u00e9rico-Pinheiro, J. H. P. (2022). Microbial adaptation to different environmental conditions: Molecular perspective of evolved genetic and cellular systems. Archives of Microbiology, 204(2), Article 144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-022-02757-5","journal-title":"Archives of Microbiology"},{"key":"14909_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.03.001","volume":"16","author":"CJ Weiskerger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weiskerger, C. J., & Brand\u00e3o, J. (2020). Fungal contaminants in water and sand: A new frontier for quantitative microbial risk assessment. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 16, 73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.03.001","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"14909_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-014-9340-8","volume":"13","author":"R Whitman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whitman, R., Harwood, V., Edge, T., et al. (2014). Microbes in beach sands: Integrating environment, ecology and public health. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 13(3), 329\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11157-014-9340-8","journal-title":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"14909_CR78","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). Guidelines on recreational water quality. Volume 1: Coastal and fresh waters. World Health Organization. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240031302.\u00a0Accessed 21 Mar 2025."},{"key":"14909_CR79","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022). WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action. World Health Organization. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240060241.\u00a0Accessed 21 Mar 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"14909_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s12210-016-0535-5","volume":"27","author":"TL Yee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yee, T. L., Tajuddin, R., Mohamed Nor, N. M. I., et al. (2016). Filamentous ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi from beach sand. Rendiconti Lincei, 27(4), 603\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12210-016-0535-5","journal-title":"Rendiconti Lincei"},{"key":"14909_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zuza-Alves, D. L., de Medeiros Sayama, S. T. Q., de Souza, L. B. F. C., et.al. (2016). Evaluation of virulence factors in vitro, resistance to osmotic stress and antifungal susceptibility of Candida tropicalis isolated from the coastal environment of Northeast Brazil. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01783","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01783"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14909-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14909-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14909-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:21:37Z","timestamp":1771478497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14909-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["14909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-025-14909-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on \u201cEthical responsibilities of Authors\u201d as found in the Instructions for Authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"123"}}