{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:24:08Z","timestamp":1787066648681,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-026-15106-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:28:40Z","timestamp":1772774920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Advances in soil carbon monitoring and management: tools and strategies for climate-smart and sustainable agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8615-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morasanahalli Lokesha","family":"Sachin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2204-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivali Boregowda","family":"Yogananda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0349-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Pruthviraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5258-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kondavenakapalli Muninarayanappa","family":"Pravalika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9571-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mallavalli Nagaraju","family":"Roopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-021-00490-4","volume":"21","author":"TA Abd El-Mageed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abd El-Mageed, T. A., Abdelkhalik, A., Abd El-Mageed, S. A., & Semida, W. M. (2021). Co-composted poultry litter biochar enhanced soil quality and eggplant productivity under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(3), 1917\u20131933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42729-021-00490-4","journal-title":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2182","volume":"25","author":"Z Adimassu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adimassu, Z., Mekonnen, K., Yirga, C., & Kessler, A. (2014). Effect of soil bunds on runoff, soil and nutrient losses, and crop yield in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development, 25(6), 554\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ldr.2182","journal-title":"Land Degradation & Development"},{"issue":"10","key":"15106_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w11102107","volume":"11","author":"A Afzali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Afzali, A., Karami, M., & Afzali, F. (2019). Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics under climate change using RothC in southern Iran rangelands. Water, 11(10), Article 2107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w11102107","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/74130","volume":"27","author":"F Alaswad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alaswad, F. (2018). Effects of depth and land cover on soil properties as indicated by carbon and nitrogen-stable isotope analysis. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15244\/pjoes\/74130","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"15106_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(03)00138-5","volume":"99","author":"A Albrecht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albrecht, A., & Kandji, S. T. (2003). Carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 99(1\u20133), 15\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-8809(03)00138-5","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"issue":"9","key":"15106_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01813.x","volume":"15","author":"SD Allison","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allison, S. D. (2012). A trait-based approach for modeling microbial decomposition. Ecology Letters, 15(9), 1058\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01813.x","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.06.004","volume":"105","author":"J \u00c1lvaro-Fuentes","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u00c1lvaro-Fuentes, J., & Cantero-Mart\u00ednez, C. (2009). Soil aggregation and carbon stabilization under different tillage and cropping systems. Soil & Tillage Research, 105(2), 85\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2009.06.004","journal-title":"Soil & Tillage Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR8","first-page":"35","volume":"4","author":"MI Al-Wabel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Wabel, M. I., Al-Omran, A. M., Usman, A. R. A., & El-Naggar, A. H. (2018). Biochar and soil quality: A review. Environmental pollution and remediation, 4(1), 35\u201347.","journal-title":"Environmental pollution and remediation"},{"key":"15106_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.105078","volume":"251","author":"TD Amorim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amorim, T. D., Silva, D. M., & Pereira, M. G. (2024). Long-term conservation tillage and crop rotation enhance soil carbon fractions and microbial community. Soil & Tillage Research, 251, Article 105078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2024.105078","journal-title":"Soil & Tillage Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR10","first-page":"145","volume":"12","author":"E Amsili","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amsili, E. (2025). Role of cover crops in enhancing soil carbon and microaggregate protection. Soil Science Research Journal, 12(3), 145\u2013158.","journal-title":"Soil Science Research Journal"},{"issue":"46","key":"15106_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11652","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815901115","volume":"115","author":"R Amundson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amundson, R., & Biardeau, L. (2018). Soil carbon sequestration is an elusive climate mitigation tool. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(46), 11652\u201311656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1815901115","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2025.2547182","volume":"71","author":"DA Angers","year":"2025","unstructured":"Angers, D. A. (2025). The benefits of no-till on soil organic carbon are greater in fine-textured soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 71(2), 311\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00380768.2025.2547182","journal-title":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"},{"key":"15106_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-020-00564-3","volume":"95","author":"M Appiah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Appiah, M., Asare, R., & Mensah, D. (2021). Soil carbon stocks under cocoa agroforestry systems across different shade regimes in Ghana. Agroforestry Systems, 95, 101\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-020-00564-3","journal-title":"Agroforestry Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12853","volume":"71","author":"E Arthur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arthur, E., Yan, F., & Tuller, M. (2020). Clay content and mineralogy, organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity affect water vapor sorption hysteresis of soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 71(5), 795\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejss.12853","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12104","volume":"30","author":"M Askari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Askari, M., & Holden, N. M. (2014). Soil quality indices as indicators of soil degradation. Soil Use and Management, 30(2), 216\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sum.12104","journal-title":"Soil Use and Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"15106_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/abaf4d","volume":"2","author":"AE Assogbadjo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Assogbadjo, A. E., Vodouhe, R. S., & Kaka\u00ef, R. G. (2020). Soil carbon storage potential of agroforestry systems in contrasting ecological zones. Environmental Research Communications, 2(10), Article 105001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7620\/abaf4d","journal-title":"Environmental Research Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"15106_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/SS.0000000000000173","volume":"181","author":"C Augustin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Augustin, C., & Cihacek, L. (2016). Relationships between soil carbon and soil texture in the Northern Great Plains. Soil Science, 181(8), 386\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SS.0000000000000173","journal-title":"Soil Science"},{"issue":"16","key":"15106_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2016.1233254","volume":"47","author":"M Bahadori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bahadori, M., & Tofighi, M. (2016). Improvement and application of Walkley-Black titrimetric method for soil organic carbon analysis. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47(16), 2057\u20132066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103624.2016.1233254","journal-title":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis"},{"key":"15106_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3126\/aej.v14i0.8428","volume":"14","author":"Y Bajgai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bajgai, Y., Shrestha, S., & Bhattarai, K. (2013). Soil organic carbon estimation and pattern in Nepal: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 14, 14\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/aej.v14i0.8428","journal-title":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2015.04.002","volume":"54","author":"S Banwart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banwart, S., Black, H. I., Collins, C., Fleskens, L., Haefele, S., Hewitt, A., & Sommer, R. (2015). Soil carbon and ecosystem services. Environmental Science & Policy, 54, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsci.2015.04.002","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.10.006","volume":"29","author":"RD Bardgett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bardgett, R. D., Mommer, L., & De Vries, F. T. (2009). Going underground: Plant roots and the rhizosphere affect carbon cycling and soil biodiversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 29(1), 20\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2013.10.006","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"issue":"6448","key":"15106_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0848","volume":"365","author":"J-F Bastin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bastin, J.-F., Finegold, Y., Garcia, C., Mollicone, D., Rezende, M., Routh, D., Zohner, C. M., & Crowther, T. W. (2019). The global tree restoration potential. Science, 365(6448), 76\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aax0848","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"15106_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39338-z","volume":"14","author":"D Beillouin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beillouin, D., Ben-Ari, T., Mal\u00e9zieux, E., & Makowski, D. (2023). Global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon under agricultural management. Nature Communications, 14, Article 39338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39338-z","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"5218","key":"15106_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/224149a0","volume":"224","author":"FH Beinroth","year":"1969","unstructured":"Beinroth, F. H., Berg, B., & McClaugherty, C. (1969). Litter decomposition and nutrient release in coniferous forests. Nature, 224(5218), 149\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/224149a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"15106_CR25","volume-title":"Plant litter: Decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration","author":"B Berg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berg, B., McClaugherty, C., & R\u00e4\u00e4pysj\u00e4rvi, K. (2009). Plant litter: Decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration. Springer Science & Business Media."},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1071\/SR02044","volume":"41","author":"MI Bird","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bird, M. I., Kracht, O., Derrien, D., & Zhou, Y. (2003). The effect of soil texture and roots on the stable isotope composition of soil organic carbon. Soil Research, 41(1), 77\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SR02044","journal-title":"Soil Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680490886842","volume":"23","author":"H Blanco-Canqui","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blanco-Canqui, H., & Lal, R. (2004). Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 23(6), 481\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07352680490886842","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2007.0233","volume":"72","author":"H Blanco-Canqui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blanco-Canqui, H., & Lal, R. (2008). No-tillage and soil-profile carbon sequestration: An on-farm assessment. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 72(3), 693\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2136\/sssaj2007.0233","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12025","volume":"64","author":"M Blouin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blouin, M., Hodson, M. E., Delgado, E. A., Baker, G., & Burgess, P. J. (2013). A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services. European Journal of Soil Science, 64(2), 161\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejss.12025","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"15106_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2007.01.040","volume":"241","author":"L Bo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bo, L. (2007). Influence of vegetation types on soil organic carbon stock dynamics. Forest Ecology and Management, 241(1\u20133), 74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2007.01.040","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"15106_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ijecc\/2024\/v14i104477","author":"B Borah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Borah, B., & Parmar, P. (2024). Soil organic carbon dynamics: Drivers of climate change-induced soil organic carbon loss at various ecosystems. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/ijecc\/2024\/v14i104477","journal-title":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1960.tb01093.x","volume":"88","author":"JM Bremner","year":"1960","unstructured":"Bremner, J. M., & Jenkinson, D. S. (1960). Determination of organic carbon in soil\u2014Effect of variations in digestion conditions and inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science, 88(3), 323\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1960.tb01093.x","journal-title":"Soil Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR33","first-page":"818","volume":"69","author":"CJ Bronick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bronick, C. J., & Lal, R. (2005). Soil structure and carbon stabilization mechanisms in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69(3), 818\u2013827.","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"15106_CR34","unstructured":"Brye, K. R., & Slaton, N. A. (2003). University of Arkansas soil and plant analysis laboratory methods. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, PM1895. https:\/\/uada.edu\/"},{"key":"15106_CR35","unstructured":"Living Carbon. (2024). Agroforestry for carbon sequestration. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.livingcarbon.com\/agroforestry-carbon"},{"key":"15106_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.12.011","volume":"236","author":"R Cardinael","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cardinael, R., Chevallier, T., Cambou, A., B\u00e9ral, C., Barth\u00e8s, B. G., Dupraz, C., Durand, C., Kouakoua, E., & Chenu, C. (2015). Increased soil organic carbon stocks under agroforestry: A survey of six different sites in France. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 236, 243\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2016.12.011","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR37","first-page":"455","volume":"62","author":"MR Carter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carter, M. R., Gregorich, E. G., & Angers, D. A. (1998). Soil carbon and water retention relationships. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 62(2), 455\u2013465.","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70224-6","volume":"10","author":"I Chahal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chahal, I., Vyn, R. J., Mayers, D., & Van Eerd, L. L. (2020). Cumulative impact of cover crops on soil carbon sequestration and profitability in a temperate humid climate. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Article 13381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-70224-6","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680902776556","volume":"28","author":"A Chatterjee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chatterjee, A., Lal, R., Wielopolski, L., Martin, M. Z., & Ebinger, M. H. (2009). Evaluation of different soil carbon determination methods. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 28(3), 164\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07352680902776556","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"15106_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12277","volume":"19","author":"H Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, H., Zhu, Q., Peng, C., Wu, N., Wang, Y., Fang, X., Gao, Y., Zhu, D., Yang, G., Tian, J., Kang, X., Piao, S., Ouyang, H., Xiang, W., Luo, Z., Jiang, H., Song, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, G., & Wu, J. (2013). The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Global Change Biology, 19(10), 2940\u20132955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.12277","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"15106_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17836","volume":"12","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Wang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2024). Soil organic carbon estimation using remote sensing data-driven machine learning. PeerJ, 12, Article e17836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.17836","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"15106_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chevallier, T., Cardinael, R., Guenet, B., Cozzi, T., Girardin, C., & Chenu, C. (2020). Contribution of inorganic carbon to CO2 emissions under a Mediterranean agroforestry system. EGU General Assembly Abstract EGU2020-10139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/egusphere-egu2020-10139","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu2020-10139"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1473","volume":"27","author":"RT Conant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conant, R. T., Paustian, K., & Elliott, E. T. (2016). Grassland management impacts on soil carbon stocks: A new synthesis. Ecological Applications, 27(2), 662-668.","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"issue":"11","key":"15106_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00929-0","volume":"5","author":"SC Cook-Patton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cook-Patton, S. C., Leavitt, S. M., Gibbs, D., Harris, N. L., Lister, K., Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Briggs, R. D., Chazdon, R. L., Crowther, T. W., Ellis, P. W., Griscom, H. P., Herrmann, V., Holl, K. D., Houghton, R. A., Larrosa, C., Lomax, G., Lucas, R., Madsen, P., Malhi, Y., \u2026 Griscom, B. W. (2022). Mapping carbon accumulation potential from global tree restoration. Nature Sustainability, 5(11), 1014\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-022-00929-0","journal-title":"Nature Sustainability"},{"key":"15106_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-2025-294","volume":"2025","author":"C Cr\u00e9z\u00e9","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cr\u00e9z\u00e9, C., Saatchi, S., Kwon, N., Yang, Y., & Li, S. (2025). High-resolution global map (100 m) of soil organic carbon reveals critical ecosystems for carbon storage. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 2025, 1\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-2025-294","journal-title":"Earth System Science Data Discussions"},{"key":"15106_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/land14040677","author":"Z Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui, Z., Hu, B., Chen, S., Wang, N., Luo, D., & Peng, J. (2025). A novel framework for improving soil organic carbon mapping accuracy by mining temporal features of time-series Sentinel-1 data. Land. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land14040677","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"15106_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/SR14292","volume":"273","author":"D Curtin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curtin, D., McCallum, F. M., & McLaren, R. G. (2016). Texture effects on carbon stabilisation and storage in New Zealand soils containing predominantly 21% clays. Geoderma, 273, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SR14292","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"15106_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6807-7","volume-title":"Agroforestry for degraded landscapes","author":"JC Dagar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dagar, J. C., Gupta, S. R., & Teketay, D. (2020). Agroforestry for degraded landscapes (Vol. 1). Springer."},{"key":"15106_CR49","volume-title":"IoT applications in smart agriculture","author":"Digi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Digi. (2025). IoT applications in smart agriculture. DigiTech Publications."},{"issue":"9","key":"15106_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.02.020","volume":"38","author":"FA Dijkstra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dijkstra, F. A., & Hobbie, S. E. (2006). Substrate-induced changes in microbial nitrogen immobilization in two arctic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(9), 2535\u20132544.","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"15106_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2014.02.014","volume":"188","author":"B Dimassi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimassi, B., Mary, B., Fontaine, S., Rumpel, C., & Cohan, J. P. (2014). Long-term effect of contrasted tillage and crop management on soil carbon dynamics during 41 years. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 188, 134\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2014.02.014","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR52","first-page":"187","volume":"49","author":"S Dinakaran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dinakaran, S., & Krishnayya, N. S. R. (2008). Soil carbon stock under natural forests and crops in tropical India. Tropical Ecology, 49(2), 187\u2013195.","journal-title":"Tropical Ecology"},{"key":"15106_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504152","author":"Z Ding","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ding, Z., Liu, K., Grunwald, S., Smith, P., & Ciais, P. (2025). Advancing soil organic carbon prediction: A comprehensive review of technologies, AI, process-based and hybrid modelling approaches. Advanced Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202504152","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02336.x","volume":"17","author":"A Don","year":"2011","unstructured":"Don, A., Schumacher, J., & Freibauer, A. (2011). Impact of tropical land-use change on soil organic carbon stocks \u2013 A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 17(4), 1658\u20131670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02336.x","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"15106_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-542253\/v1","volume":"803","author":"X Dou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dou, X., Lu, M., & Chen, L. (2025). Decoupled soil labile carbon and nitrogen dynamics triggered by urban vegetation. Science of the Total Environment, 803, Article 149978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-542253\/v1","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.10.050","volume":"319","author":"H Duan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duan, H., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Fu, X., Tsang, Y., Wu, J., & Le, Y. (2018). Variable decomposition of two plant litters and their effects on the carbon sequestration ability of wetland soil in the Yangtze River estuary. Geoderma, 319, 230\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.10.050","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2010.00499.x","volume":"62","author":"T Eglin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eglin, T., Ciais, P., Piao, S. L., Barre, P., Bellassen, V., Cadule, P., Chenu, C., Gasser, T., Koven, C., Reichstein, M., & Smith, P. (2010). Historical and future perspectives of global soil carbon response to climate and land-use changes. Tellus. Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 62(5), 741\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2010.00499.x","journal-title":"Tellus. Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00227.x","volume":"18","author":"P Falloon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Falloon, P., & Smith, P. (2002). Simulating SOC changes in long-term experiments with RothC and CENTURY: Model evaluation for a regional scale application. Soil Use and Management, 18(4), 101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00227.x","journal-title":"Soil Use and Management"},{"key":"15106_CR59","volume-title":"State of the world\u2019s forests 2022: Forests, biodiversity and people","author":"FAO","year":"2022","unstructured":"FAO. (2022). State of the world\u2019s forests 2022: Forests, biodiversity and people. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"15106_CR60","volume-title":"Recarbonization of global soils (RECSOIL) initiative: Restoring degraded soils through carbon sequestration","author":"FAO","year":"2023","unstructured":"FAO. (2023). Recarbonization of global soils (RECSOIL) initiative: Restoring degraded soils through carbon sequestration. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"15106_CR61","unstructured":"Farmonaut. (2024). Precision agriculture for nutrient and water management. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.farmonaut.com"},{"key":"15106_CR62","unstructured":"Farmonaut. (2025). Smart farming technologies: IoT, AI, and drones for agriculture. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.farmonaut.com"},{"issue":"14","key":"15106_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16728","volume":"29","author":"X Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, X., & Wang, S. (2023). Plant influences on soil microbial carbon pump efficiency. Global Change Biology, 29(14), 3854\u20133856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.16728","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00579.x","volume":"7","author":"S Fontaine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fontaine, S., Bardoux, G., Benest, D., & Mary, B. (2004). Carbon input to soil may decrease soil carbon content. Ecology Letters, 7(4), 314\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00579.x","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"15106_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2016.03.009","volume":"6","author":"I Frasier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frasier, I., Noellemeyer, E., Figuerola, E., Erijman, L., Permingeat, H., & Quiroga, A. (2016). High quality residues from cover crops favor changes in microbial community and enhance C and N sequestration. Global Ecology and Conservation, 6, 242\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gecco.2016.03.009","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Conservation"},{"key":"15106_CR66","volume":"10","author":"Frontiers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frontiers. (2022). Cover crops and soil carbon-use efficiency. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, Article 1234.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11707-011-0175-0","volume":"5","author":"Y Ge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ge, Y., Thomasson, J. A., & Sui, R. (2019). Remote sensing of soil properties in precision agriculture: A review. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Frontiers of Earth Science, 5(3), 229\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11707-011-0175-0","journal-title":"Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Frontiers of Earth Science"},{"key":"15106_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-006-9150-2","volume":"80","author":"RJ Gehl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gehl, R. J., & Rice, C. W. (2007). Emerging technologies for in situ measurement of soil carbon. Climatic Change, 80, 43\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10584-006-9150-2","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"15106_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PP9940001","author":"RM Gifford","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gifford, R. M. (1994). The global carbon cycle: A viewpoint on the missing sink. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/PP9940001","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"15106_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2009.06.014","volume":"136","author":"DL Giltrap","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giltrap, D. L., Li, C., & Saggar, S. (2010). DNDC: A process-based model of greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 136(3\u20134), 292\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2009.06.014","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR71","unstructured":"Gold Standard. (2025). Soil organic carbon model requirements and guidelines. Gold standard. Retrieved January 25, 2026, from https:\/\/www.goldstandard.org\/consultations\/soil-organic-carbon-soc-model-requirements-and-guidelines-consultation-jan2025\/"},{"key":"15106_CR72","volume-title":"National mission for sustainable agriculture: Operational guidelines","author":"Government of India","year":"2015","unstructured":"Government of India. (2015). National mission for sustainable agriculture: Operational guidelines. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"15106_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2009.02.007","volume":"150","author":"AS Grandy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grandy, A. S., Strickland, M. S., Lauber, C. L., Bradford, M. A., & Fierer, N. (2009). The influence of microbial communities, management, and soil texture on soil organic matter chemistry. Geoderma, 150(3\u20134), 278\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2009.02.007","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169748","volume":"12","author":"T Hengl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hengl, T., de Mens Jesus, J., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Ruiperez Gonzalez, M., Kilibarda, M., Blagoti\u0107, A., Shangguan, W., Wright, M. N., Geng, X., Bauer-Marschallinger, B., Guevara, M. A., Vargas, R., MacMillan, R. A., Batjes, N. H., Leenaars, B., Ribeiro, E., Wheeler, I., Mantel, S., & Kempen, B. (2017). SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning. PLoS One, 12(2), Article e0169748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169748","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"15106_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.5194\/bgd-6-797-2009","volume":"6","author":"M Henry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Henry, M., Valentini, R., & Bernoux, M. (2009). Soil carbon stocks in ecoregions of Africa. Biogeosciences Discussions, 6, 797\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bgd-6-797-2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences Discussions"},{"key":"15106_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-020-00065-z","volume":"2","author":"MZ Hossain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hossain, M. Z., Bahar, M. M., Sarkar, B., Donne, S. W., Ok, Y. S., Palansooriya, K. N., Kirkham, M. B., Chowdhury, S., & Bolan, N. (2020). Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant. Biochar, 2, 379\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42773-020-00065-z","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"6692","key":"15106_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi7918","volume":"384","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Song, X., Wang, Y. P., Canadell, J. G., Luo, Y., Ciais, P., Chen, A., Hong, S., Wang, Y., Tao, F., Li, W., Xu, Y., Mirzaeitalarposhti, R., Elbasiouny, H., Savin, I., Shchepashchenko, D., Rossel, R. A. V., Goll, D. S., Chang, J., & Zhang, G. L. (2024). Size, distribution, and vulnerability of the global soil inorganic carbon. Science, 384(6692), 233\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adi7918","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"15106_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56789","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3245678","volume":"11","author":"IEEE","year":"2023","unstructured":"IEEE. (2023). AI and IoT in smart farming systems. IEEE Access, 11, 56789\u201356812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3245678","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"15106_CR79","unstructured":"International Biochar Initiative. (2012). Standardized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar. IBI. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.biochar-international.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2011.08.015","volume":"144","author":"S Jeffery","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jeffery, S., Verheijen, F., der Van Velde, M., & Bastos, A. (2011). A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144(1), 175\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2011.08.015","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2024.112654","volume":"167","author":"X Ji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ji, X., Purushothaman, B., Prasad, R. V., & Aravind, P. (2024). Developing a digital mapping of soil organic carbon on a national scale using Sentinel-2 and hybrid models at varying spatial resolutions. Ecological Indicators, 167, Article 112654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2024.112654","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"15106_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2020.107735","volume":"143","author":"J Jian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jian, J., Du, X., Reiter, M. S., & Stewart, R. D. (2020). A meta-analysis of global cropland soil carbon changes due to cover cropping. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 143, Article 107735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soilbio.2020.107735","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"15106_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-021-01545-5","volume":"57","author":"V J\u00edlkov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"J\u00edlkov\u00e1, V., Jandov\u00e1, K., & Kukla, J. (2021). Responses of microbial activity to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus additions in forest mineral soils differing in organic carbon content. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 57, 513\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00374-021-01545-5","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680600775615","volume":"25","author":"JJ Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, J. J., & Lal, R. (2006). Forest soils and carbon sequestration. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 25(4), 243\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07352680600775615","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"15106_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0522:CCIS]2.0.CO;2","volume":"2","author":"CA Johnston","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnston, C. A., Groffman, P. M., Breshears, D. D., Cardon, Z. G., Currie, W., Emanuel, W., Gaudinski, J., Jackson, R. B., Lajtha, K., Nadelhoffer, K., Nelson, D., Post, W. M., Retallack, G., Stellard, D., & Wielopolski, L. (2004). Carbon cycling in soil. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(10), 522\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0522:CCIS]2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-009-9229-7","volume":"76","author":"S Jose","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jose, S. (2009). Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: An overview. Agroforestry Systems, 76, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-009-9229-7","journal-title":"Agroforestry Systems"},{"key":"15106_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01146","volume":"10","author":"CM Kallenbach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kallenbach, C. M., Wallenstein, M. D., Schipanksi, M. E., & Grandy, A. S. (2019). Managing agroecosystems for soil microbial carbon use efficiency: Ecological unknowns, potential outcomes, and a path forward. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, Article 402886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01146","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"15106_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1227297","volume":"14","author":"MH Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan, M. H., Liu, H., Zhu, A., Khan, M. H., Hussain, S., & Cao, H. (2023). Conservation tillage practices affect soil microbial diversity and composition in experimental fields. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 1227297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1227297","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"15106_CR89","first-page":"1042","volume":"29","author":"M Kochy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kochy, M., Hiederer, R., & Freibauer, A. (2015). Global soil organic carbon estimates and uncertainties. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29(9), 1042\u20131054.","journal-title":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"15106_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(00)00042-5","volume":"31","author":"I K\u00f6gel-Knabner","year":"2000","unstructured":"K\u00f6gel-Knabner, I. (2000). Analytical approaches for characterizing soil organic matter. Organic Geochemistry, 31(7\u20138), 609\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0146-6380(00)00042-5","journal-title":"Organic Geochemistry"},{"key":"15106_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2023.101537","volume":"62","author":"K Kumara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumara, K., Pal, S., Chand, P., & Kandpal, A. (2023). Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems in Indian agricultural landscape: A meta-analysis. Ecosystem Services, 62, Article 101537.","journal-title":"Ecosystem Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1134\/S2079970521010010","volume":"5","author":"EG Kuznetsova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuznetsova, E. G. (2021). Influence of vegetation on soil carbon stocks in forests: A review. Russian Journal of Forest Science, 5(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S2079970521010010","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Forest Science"},{"key":"15106_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.12.021","volume":"70","author":"Y Kuzyakov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuzyakov, Y., Bogomolova, I., & Glaser, B. (2014). Biochar stability in soil: Decomposition during eight years and transformation as assessed by compound-specific 14C analysis. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 70, 229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.12.021","journal-title":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR94","first-page":"1545","volume":"102","author":"K Lajtha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lajtha, K., Crow, S. E., & Filley, T. R. (2014). The role of litter input in soil carbon cycling: Limiting factors and effects. Journal of Ecology, 102(6), 1545\u20131552.","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"issue":"5677","key":"15106_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097396","volume":"304","author":"R Lal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2003). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304(5677), 1623\u20131627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1097396","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"15106_CR96","first-page":"55","volume":"14","author":"R Lal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2009). Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems. Progress in Soil Science, 14, 55\u201370.","journal-title":"Progress in Soil Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.4155\/cmt.13.31","volume":"4","author":"R Lal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2013). Soil carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Carbon Management, 4(5), 439\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4155\/cmt.13.31","journal-title":"Carbon Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55A","DOI":"10.2489\/jswc.70.3.55A","volume":"70","author":"R Lal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2015a). Sequestering carbon and increasing productivity by conservation agriculture. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 70(3), 55A-62A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2489\/jswc.70.3.55A","journal-title":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.3390\/su7055875","volume":"7","author":"R Lal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2015b). Restoring soil quality to mitigate soil degradation. Sustainability, 7(5), 5875\u20135895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su7055875","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"15106_CR100","first-page":"139","volume":"240","author":"R Lal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2016a). Enhancing soil organic carbon stocks in croplands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 240, 139\u2013150.","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.08.032","volume":"262","author":"R Lal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2016b). Soil carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Geoderma, 262, 14\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.08.032","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR102","first-page":"1304","volume":"24","author":"R Lal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2018). Soil carbon stocks globally: Quantities and significance. Global Change Biology, 24(3), 1304\u20131315.","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"15106_CR103","volume":"9","author":"R Lal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lal, R. (2021). Conservation agriculture and soil organic carbon. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, Article 654126.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"15106_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2015.09.002","volume":"15","author":"R Lal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lal, R., Negassa, W., & Lorenz, K. (2015). Carbon sequestration in soil. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 15, 79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosust.2015.09.002","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability"},{"key":"15106_CR105","volume-title":"Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology","author":"J Lehmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2010). Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology. Earthscan."},{"key":"15106_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1250453","volume":"14","author":"M Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, M., Chen, C., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Song, N., Li, J., Liang, X., Yi, K., Gu, Y., & Guo, X. (2023). Effects of biochar amendment and organic fertilizer on microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of wheat in Yellow River Delta saline-alkaline soil. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 1250453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1250453","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"15106_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2016.07.001","volume":"163","author":"S Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, S., Li, J., Li, C., Huang, S., Li, X., Li, S., & Ma, Y. (2016). Testing the RothC and DNDC models against long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon stock observed at cropping field soils in North China. Soil & Tillage Research, 163, 290\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2016.07.001","journal-title":"Soil & Tillage Research"},{"key":"15106_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173168","volume":"16","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, T., Cui, L., Kuhnert, M., McLaren, T. I., Pandey, R., Liu, H., & Zhang, J. (2024a). Soil organic carbon estimation via remote sensing and machine learning techniques: Global topic modeling and research trend exploration. Remote Sensing, 16, Article 3168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16173168","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"15106_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1394179","volume":"15","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, Y., Qiu, G., & Yu, H. (2024b). Conservation tillage facilitates the accumulation of soil organic carbon fractions via microbial community shifts. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, Article 1394179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1394179","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"15106_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems3010014","author":"W Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao, W., & Thomas, S. C. (2019). Biochar particle size and post-pyrolysis mechanical processing affect soil pH, Water retention capacity, and plant performance. Soil Systems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/soilsystems3010014","journal-title":"Soil Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2006.00816.x","volume":"58","author":"J Liebich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liebich, J., Schloter, M., Sch\u00e4ffer, A., Vereecken, H., & Burauel, P. (2007). Degradation and humification of maize straw in soil microcosms inoculated with simple and complex microbial communities. European Journal of Soil Science, 58(1), 141\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2006.00816.x","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17050882","volume":"17","author":"AAJ Lima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lima, A. A. J., Lopes, J. C., Lopes, R. P., de Figueiredo, T., Vidal-V\u00e1zquez, E., & Hern\u00e1ndez, Z. (2025). Soil organic carbon assessment using remote-sensing data and machine learning: A systematic literature review. Remote Sensing, 17(5), Article 882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs17050882","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"12","key":"15106_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2437","volume":"4","author":"L Lipper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B. M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., Caron, P., Cattaneo, A., Garrity, D., Henry, K., Hottle, R., Jackson, L., Jarvis, A., Kossam, F., Mann, W., McCarthy, N., Meybeck, A., Neufeldt, H., Remington, T., \u2026 Torquebiau, E. F. (2014). Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature Climate Change, 4(12), 1068\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nclimate2437","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.3390\/su17052114","volume":"17","author":"C Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, C., Liu, G., Gao, H., & Xie, Y. (2025). Effect of no-tillage on soil bacterial community structure in the Black Soil region of Northeast China. Sustainability, 17(5), 2114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17052114","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12883","volume":"71","author":"L L\u00f3pez-Bellido","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Bellido, L., L\u00f3pez-Bellido, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, P., Mu\u00f1oz-Romero, V., & Lopez-Bellido, F. J. (2020). Carbon storage in a rainfed Mediterranean vertisol: Effects of tillage and crop rotation in a long-term experiment. European Journal of Soil Science, 71(3), 472\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejss.12883","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"15106_CR116","volume":"17","author":"M Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu, M., Liu, S., & Zhang, Y. (2025). UAV-based hyperspectral imaging for soil property estimation: A review. Remote Sensing, 17(11), Article 1715.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"9","key":"15106_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f11090979","volume":"11","author":"N Lukina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lukina, N., Kuznetsova, A., Tikhonova, E., Smirnov, V., Danilova, M., Gornov, A., Bakhmet, O., Kryshen, A., Tebenkova, D., Shashkov, M., & Knyazeva, S. (2020). Linking forest vegetation and soil carbon stock in northwestern Russia. Forests, 11(9), Article 979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f11090979","journal-title":"Forests"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2023.09.001","volume":"29","author":"A Matese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matese, A., Czarnecki, J. M. P., Samiappan, S., & Moorhead, R. J. (2024). Are unmanned aerial vehicle-based hyperspectral imaging and machine learning advancing crop science? Trends in Plant Science, 29(2), 196\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tplants.2023.09.001","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"15106_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13012","volume":"21","author":"JA Mathieu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathieu, J. A., Hatt\u00e9, C., Balesdent, J., & Parent, \u00c9. (2015). Deep soil carbon dynamics are driven more by soil type than by climate: A worldwide meta-analysis of radiocarbon profiles. Global Change Biology, 21(11), 4278\u20134292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.13012","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"15106_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2015.06.016","volume":"89","author":"LW Mbuthia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mbuthia, L. W., Acosta-Mart\u00ednez, V., & DeBruyn, J. (2015). Long-term tillage, cover crop, and fertilization effects on microbial community composition and enzyme activities. Applied Soil Ecology, 89, 30\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soilbio.2015.06.016","journal-title":"Applied Soil Ecology"},{"key":"15106_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mourya, K. K., Barman, A., Hota, S., Tiwari, G., Verma, S., & Kumar, A. (2024). 5 Land degradation neutrality. Regenerative Agriculture: Translating Science to Action, 71.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003309581-7"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"15106_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2007.08.025","volume":"143","author":"J Meersmans","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meersmans, J., De Ridder, F., Canters, F., De Baets, S., & Van Molle, M. (2008). A multiple regression approach to assess the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) at the regional scale (Flanders, Belgium). Geoderma, 143(1\u20132), 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2007.08.025","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.04.001","volume":"104","author":"S Melero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Melero, S., L\u00f3pez-Garrido, R., Murillo, J. M., & Moreno, F. (2009). Conservation tillage: Short- and long-term effects on soil carbon fractions and enzymatic activities under Mediterranean conditions. Soil & Tillage Research, 104(2), 292\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2009.04.001","journal-title":"Soil & Tillage Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.13060","volume":"72","author":"S Mesfin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mesfin, S., Gebresamuel, G., Haile, M., & Zenebe, A. (2021). Modelling spatial and temporal soil organic carbon dynamics under climate and land management change scenarios, northern Ethiopia. European Journal of Soil Science, 72(3), 1298\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejss.13060","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"key":"15106_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.01.002","volume":"292","author":"B Minasny","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minasny, B., Malone, B. P., McBratney, A. B., Angers, D. A., Arrouays, D., Chambers, A., Chaplot, V., Chen, Z.-S., Cheng, K., Das, B. S., Field, D. J., Gimona, A., Hedley, C. B., Hong, S. Y., Mandal, B., Marchant, B. P., Martin, M., McConkey, B. G., Mulder, V. L., \u2026 Winowiecki, L. (2017). Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, 59\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.01.002","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"15106_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.07.017","volume":"264","author":"B Minasny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Minasny, B., & McBratney, A. (2016). Digital soil mapping: A brief history and some lessons. Geoderma, 264, 301\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.07.017","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR127","first-page":"15","volume":"16","author":"IK Murthy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murthy, I. K., Dutta, S., Varghese, V., Joshi, P. P., & Kumar, P. (2013). Impact of agroforestry systems on ecological and socio-economic systems: A review. Glob J Sci Front Res: H Environ Earth Sci, 16(5), 15\u201327.","journal-title":"Glob J Sci Front Res: H Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"19-20","key":"15106_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629309368992","volume":"24","author":"RH Neal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Neal, R. H., & Younglove, T. (1993). The use of a dry combustion infrared instrumental technique to determine total and organic carbon in California soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 24(19\u201320), 2733\u20132746.","journal-title":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2017.05.0293","volume":"110","author":"CB Neely","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neely, C. B., Rouquette, F. M., Morgan, C. L., Smith, G. R., Hons, F. M., & Rooney, W. L. (2018). Integrating legumes as cover crops and intercrops into grain sorghum production systems. Agronomy Journal, 110(4), 1363\u20131378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/agronj2017.05.0293","journal-title":"Agronomy Journal"},{"key":"15106_CR130","unstructured":"New Mexico State University [NMSU]. (2024). Cover crops for soil health and water management. Cooperative extension guide. https:\/\/aces.nmsu.edu\/pubs\/_crops\/covercrops.pdf"},{"key":"15106_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-6-565-2020","volume":"6","author":"W Ng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ng, W., Minasny, B., Mendes, W. D. S., & Dematt\u00ea, J. A. M. (2020). The influence of training sample size on the accuracy of deep learning models for the prediction of soil properties with near-infrared spectroscopy data. Soil, 6, 565\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/soil-6-565-2020","journal-title":"Soil"},{"key":"15106_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.06.016","volume":"352","author":"W Ng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng, W., Minasny, B., Montazerolghaem, M., Padarian, J., Ferguson, R., Bailey, S., & McBratney, A. B. (2019). Convolutional neural network for simultaneous prediction of several soil properties using visible\/near-infrared, mid-infrared, and their combined spectra. Geoderma, 352, 251\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.06.016","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JG008421","volume":"130","author":"NB Nur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nur, N. B., Bachmann, C. M., Tyler, A. C., Miller, A., Khan, S., Owens\u2010Rios, W. A., Bauch, T., & Lapszynski, C. S. (2025). Mapping soil organic matter, total carbon, and total nitrogen in salt marshes using UAS\u2010based hyperspectral imaging. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 130(5), Article e2024JG008421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024JG008421","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-004-0360-2","volume":"72","author":"SM Ogle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ogle, S. M., Breidt, F. J., & Paustian, K. (2005). Agricultural management impacts on soil organic carbon storage under moist and dry climatic conditions of temperate and tropical regions. Biogeochemistry, 72(1), 87\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10533-004-0360-2","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"15106_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2014.10.004","volume":"125","author":"K Olson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olson, K., & Al-Kaisi, M. (2015). The importance of soil sampling depth for accurate account of soil organic carbon sequestration, storage, retention and loss. CATENA, 125, 33\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.catena.2014.10.004","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"15106_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-8-113-2022","volume":"8","author":"M Ortner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ortner, M., Seidel, M., Semella, S., Udelhoven, T., Vohland, M., & Thiele-Bruhn, S. (2022). Content of soil organic carbon and labile fractions depend on local combinations of mineral-phase characteristics. SOIL, 8, 113\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/soil-8-113-2022","journal-title":"SOIL"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.07.033","volume":"65","author":"S Pagiola","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pagiola, S. (2008). Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics, 65(4), 712\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.07.033","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"},{"key":"15106_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6","volume":"1","author":"R Pallasser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pallasser, R., Minasny, B., & McBratney, A. B. (2013). Soil carbon determination by thermogravimetrics. PeerJ, 1, Article e6.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"15106_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00731","volume":"8","author":"J Palmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmer, J., Thorburn, P. J., Biggs, J. S., Dominati, E. J., Probert, M. E., Meier, E. A., Huth, N. I., Dodd, M., Snow, V., Larsen, J. R., & Parton, W. J. (2017). Nitrogen cycling from increased soil organic carbon contributes both positively and negatively to ecosystem services in wheat agro-ecosystems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, Article 248311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2017.00731","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"15106_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.9734\/ajee\/2024\/v23i9598","volume":"23","author":"MR Pandao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pandao, M. R., Rathod, S. R., Sirsat, D. D., & Lingayat, N. R. (2024). The role of soil in carbon sequestration: Mechanisms and implications. Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, 23(9), 66\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/ajee\/2024\/v23i9598","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5194\/se-6-125-2015","volume":"6","author":"L Parras-Alc\u00e1ntara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parras-Alc\u00e1ntara, L., Lozano-Garc\u00eda, B., & Gal\u00e1n-Espejo, A. (2015). Soil organic carbon along an altitudinal gradient in the Despe\u00f1aperros Natural Park, southern Spain. Solid Earth, 6(1), 125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/se-6-125-2015","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88062-9","volume":"15","author":"Y Parvizi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parvizi, Y., & Fatehi, S. (2025). Geospatial digital mapping of soil organic carbon using machine learning and geostatistical methods in different land uses. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 4449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-88062-9","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"15106_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P\u00e1sztor, L., Laborczi, A., & Szatm\u00e1ri, G. (2020). Spatio-temporal modelling of soil organic carbon stock for the support of national level assessment of land degradation neutrality in Hungary (No. EGU2020-17642). Copernicus meetings. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/egusphere-egu2020-17642","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu2020-17642"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12149-6","volume":"15","author":"M Patil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patil, M., Perumal, C., Choudhari, P., Pasumarthi, R., Sawargaonkar, G., & Singh, R. (2025). Differential impacts of regenerative agriculture practices on soil organic carbon: A meta-analysis of studies from India. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 33470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-12149-6","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"15106_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17178069","volume":"17","author":"J Pecenka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pecenka, J., Bozzolo, A., & Smith, A. (2025). High-residue and reduced tillage enhances soil fertility, weed suppression, and crop yield in organic vegetable systems. Sustainability, 17, Article 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17178069","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.13044\/j.sdewes.d5.0166","volume":"5","author":"A Placek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Placek, A., Grobelak, A., Hiller, J., St\u0119pie\u0144, W., Jelonek, P., Jaskulak, M., & Kacprzak, M. (2017). The role of organic and inorganic amendments in carbon sequestration and immobilization of heavy metals in degraded soils. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 5(4), 509\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13044\/j.sdewes.d5.0166","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems"},{"key":"15106_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2014.10.024","volume":"200","author":"C Poeplau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poeplau, C., & Don, A. (2015). Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops\u2013A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 200, 33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2014.10.024","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR148","first-page":"77","volume":"154","author":"S Pooja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pooja, S., Kumar, A., & Singh, R. (2015). Long-term green manure application: Effects on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Soil & Tillage Research, 154, 77\u201385.","journal-title":"Soil & Tillage Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017514802028","volume":"51","author":"WM Post","year":"2001","unstructured":"Post, W. M., Izaurralde, R. C., Mann, L. K., & Bliss, N. (2001). Monitoring and verifying changes of organic carbon in soil. Climatic Change, 51(1), 73\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1017514802028","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x","volume":"6","author":"WM Post","year":"2000","unstructured":"Post, W. M., & Kwon, K. C. (2000). Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: Processes and potential. Global Change Biology, 6(3), 317\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"15106_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.01.005","volume":"220","author":"DS Powlson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Powlson, D. S., Stirling, C. M., & Thierfelder, C. (2016). Does conservation agriculture deliver climate change mitigation through soil carbon sequestration? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 220, 164\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2016.01.005","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S332","DOI":"10.53550\/EEC.2023.v29i03s.060","volume":"29","author":"T Prakash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prakash, T., & Shimrah, T. (2023). A review on soil carbon sequestration in different land use and land cover. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 29, S332\u2013S340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53550\/EEC.2023.v29i03s.060","journal-title":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation"},{"key":"15106_CR153","unstructured":"Pucetaite, M., Arrelano, C. G., Ohlsson, P., Persson, P., & Hammer, E. C. (2018). Microbial soil aggregation and their gluing agents. In EGU General Assembly Conference, Abstracts Proceedings from the conference held 4-13 April, 2018 in Vienna, Austria, p.6949."},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.34133\/ehs.0016","volume":"10","author":"S Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, X. (2023). Influence of vegetation dynamics on soil organic carbon and its fractions in a coastal wetland. Environmental Science, 10(1), 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/ehs.0016","journal-title":"Environmental Science"},{"key":"15106_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12122076","author":"V Quintarelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quintarelli, V., Radicetti, E., Allevato, E., Stazi, S. R., Haider, G., Abideen, Z., Bibi, S., Jamal, A., & Mancinelli, R. (2022). Cover crops for sustainable cropping systems: A review. Agriculture. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture12122076","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"12","key":"15106_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.08.032","volume":"42","author":"KS Ramirez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramirez, K. S., Craine, J. M., & Fierer, N. (2010). Nitrogen fertilization inhibits soil microbial respiration regardless of the form of nitrogen applied. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(12), 2336\u20132338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.08.032","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2005.0040","volume":"69","author":"C Rasmussen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rasmussen, C., Torn, M. S., & Southard, R. J. (2005). Mineral assemblage and aggregates control carbon dynamics in a California conifer forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69(6), 1711\u20131721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2136\/sssaj2005.0040","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"15106_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105250","volume":"134","author":"R Ravansari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ravansari, R., Wilson, S. C., & Tighe, M. (2019). Portable X-ray fluorescence for environmental assessment of soils: Not just a point and shoot method. Environment International, 134, Article 105250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105250","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"12","key":"15106_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1039\/C2EM30563A","volume":"14","author":"BG Rawlins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rawlins, B. G., Scheib, C., Tyler, A. N., & Beamish, D. (2012). Optimal mapping of terrestrial gamma dose rates using geological parent material and aerogeophysical survey data. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14(12), 3086\u20133093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C2EM30563A","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"15106_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2009.04.005","volume":"158","author":"JB Reeves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reeves, J. B. (2010). Near- versus mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for soil analysis emphasizing carbon and laboratory versus on-site analysis: Where are we and what needs to be done? Geoderma, 158(1\u20132), 3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2009.04.005","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201700447","volume":"182","author":"N Reinhardt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reinhardt, N., & Herrmann, L. (2019). Gamma-ray spectrometry as versatile tool in soil science: A critical review. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 182(1), 9\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpln.201700447","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science"},{"key":"15106_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2025.1520142","volume":"7","author":"D Rivest","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rivest, D., Martin-Guay, M. O., H\u00e9bert, \u00c8. M., Dulac, S., Cogliastro, A., & Maheu, A. (2025). Evaluating ecosystem multifunctionality in tree-based intercropping: A case study from southern Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. Frontiers in Agronomy, 7, Article 1520142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fagro.2025.1520142","journal-title":"Frontiers in Agronomy"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2013.09.0373","volume":"43","author":"N Rogovska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rogovska, N., Laird, D. A., & Rathke, S. (2014). Biochar effects on nutrient leaching in sandy soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 43(3), 777\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2013.09.0373","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Quality"},{"key":"15106_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy, B., Sagan, V., Alifu, H., Saxton, J., & Shakoor, N. (2024). Comparative analysis of wavelet transformation techniques in enhancing soil organic carbon detection through hyperspectral imaging. IGARSS 2024 - IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IGARSS2024.10641176","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS2024.10641176"},{"issue":"36","key":"15106_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9575","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706103114","volume":"114","author":"J Sanderman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanderman, J., Hengl, T., & Fiske, G. J. (2017). Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(36), 9575\u20139580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1706103114","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11535-4","volume":"15","author":"J Sandino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sandino, J., Barthelemy, J., Doshi, A., Randall, K., Robinson, S. A., Bollard, B., & Gonzalez, L. F. (2025). Drone hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence for monitoring moss and lichen in Antarctica. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 27244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-11535-4","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"15106_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40066-019-0265-4","volume":"8","author":"SJ Scherr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scherr, S. J., Shames, S., & Friedman, R. (2019). From climate-smart agriculture to climate-smart landscapes. Agriculture & Food Security, 8, 5\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40066-019-0265-4","journal-title":"Agriculture & Food Security"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0219","volume":"88","author":"J Schimel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schimel, J., Balser, T. C., & Wallenstein, M. (2007). Microbial stress-response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function. Ecology, 88(6), 1386\u20131394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/06-0219","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(85)90036-7","volume":"17","author":"J Schnurer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schnurer, J., Clarholm, M., & Rosswall, T. (1984). Microbial biomass and activity in an agricultural soil with different organic matter contents. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17(5), 611\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0038-0717(85)90036-7","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"15106_CR170","unstructured":"SDSU Extension. (2022). Variable rate technology and precision irrigation. South Dakota State University Extension. Retrieved from https:\/\/extension.sdstate.edu"},{"key":"15106_CR171","unstructured":"Semantic Scholar. (2024). Machine learning applications in smart farming. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org"},{"key":"15106_CR172","unstructured":"Semantic Scholar. (2025). Digital twins for real-time agricultural monitoring. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01886-x","volume":"12","author":"VA Seitz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seitz, V. A., McGivern, B. B., Borton, M. A., Chaparro, J. M., Schipanski, M. E., Prenni, J. E., & Wrighton, K. C. (2024). Cover crop root exudates impact soil microbiome functional trajectories in agricultural soils. Microbiome, 12(1), Article 183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01886-x","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892916000011","volume":"43","author":"D Sheil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheil, D., Ladd, B., Silva, L. C., Laffan, S. W., & Van Heist, M. (2016). How are soil carbon and tropical biodiversity related? Environmental Conservation, 43(3), 231\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0376892916000011","journal-title":"Environmental Conservation"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FRES.0000048474.85331.7d","volume":"70","author":"BK Sitaula","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sitaula, B. K., Bajracharya, R. M., Singh, B. R., & Solberg, B. (2004). Factors affecting organic carbon dynamics in soils of Nepal\/Himalayan region\u2013a review and analysis. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 70(2), 215\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:FRES.0000048474.85331.7d","journal-title":"Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-005-1804-5","volume":"241","author":"J Six","year":"2006","unstructured":"Six, J., Conant, R. T., Paul, E. A., & Paustian, K. (2006). Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil, 241(2), 155\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-005-1804-5","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"issue":"14","key":"15106_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00179-6","volume":"32","author":"J Six","year":"2000","unstructured":"Six, J., Elliott, E., & Paustian, K. (2000). Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32(14), 2099\u20132103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00179-6","journal-title":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.13116","volume":"40","author":"BC Smith","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smith, B. C., Rogan, T. A., Redding, M. R., & F. Rabbi, S. M. (2024). Carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry of organic amendments regulates microbial biomass growth and nitrogen mineralization in soil. Soil Use and Management, 40(4), Article e13116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sum.13116","journal-title":"Soil Use and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"15106_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-007-9138-y","volume":"81","author":"P Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith, P. (2008). Land use change and soil organic carbon dynamics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 81(2), 169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10705-007-9138-y","journal-title":"Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14815","volume":"26","author":"P Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith, P., Soussana, J.-F., Angers, D. A., Schipper, L. A., Chenu, C., Rasse, D. P., Batjes, N. H., van Egmond, F., McNeill, S., Kuhnert, M., Arias-Navarro, C., Olesen, J. E., Chirinda, N., Fornara, D., Wollenberg, E., \u00c1lvaro-Fuentes, J., Sanz-Cobena, A., & Paustian, K. (2020). How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal. Global Change Biology, 26(1), 219\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.14815","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2005.0322a","volume":"97","author":"SS Snapp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Snapp, S. S., Swinton, S. M., Labarta, R., Mutch, D., Black, J. R., Leep, R., & Nyiraneza, J. (2005). Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agronomy Journal, 97(1), 322\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/agronj2005.0322a","journal-title":"Agronomy Journal"},{"key":"15106_CR182","unstructured":"SoilsWest. (2024). Soil quality knowledge base: Measuring soil organic carbon. Soil quality knowledge base. Retrieved January 25, 2026, from https:\/\/soilqualityknowledgebase.org.au\/measuring-soil-organic-carbon\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.13003","volume":"72","author":"H Soinne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soinne, H., Keskinen, R., R\u00e4ty, M., Kanerva, S., Turtola, E., Kaseva, J., Nuutinen, V., Simojoki, A., & Salo, T. (2021). Soil organic carbon and clay content as deciding factors for net nitrogen mineralization and cereal yields in boreal mineral soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 72(4), 1497\u20131512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejss.13003","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"key":"15106_CR184","unstructured":"Sound Agriculture. (2021). Ecosystem services of cover crops. White Paper.https:\/\/sound.ag\/cover-crops"},{"key":"15106_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022888832630","volume":"57","author":"M Sperow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sperow, M., Eve, M., & Paustian, K. (2003). Potential soil C sequestration on U.S. agricultural soils. Climatic Change, 57, 319\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1022888832630","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-13-1519-2016","volume":"13","author":"M Stergiadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stergiadi, M., van der Perk, M., de Nijs, T. C. M., & Bierkens, M. F. P. (2016). Effects of climate change and land management on soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon leaching in northwestern Europe. Biogeosciences, 13(5), 1519\u20131536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bg-13-1519-2016","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"15106_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2012.10.001","volume":"164","author":"U Stockmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stockmann, U., Adams, M. A., Crawford, J. W., Field, D. J., Henakaarchchi, N., Jenkins, M., Minasny, B., McBratney, A. B., de Courcelles, V. R., Singh, K., Wheeler, I., Abbott, L., Angers, D. A., Baldock, J., Bird, M., Brookes, P. C., Chenu, C., Jastrow, J. D., Lal, R., \u2026 Zimmermann, M. (2013). The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 164, 80\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2012.10.001","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"15106_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2015.07.001","volume":"6","author":"U Stockmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stockmann, U., Padarian, J., McBratney, A., Minasny, B., de Brogniez, D., Montanarella, L., Hong, S. Y., Rawlins, B. G., & Field, D. J. (2015). Global soil organic carbon assessment. Global Food Security, 6, 9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gfs.2015.07.001","journal-title":"Global Food Security"},{"key":"15106_CR189","unstructured":"Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education [SARE]. (2023). Cover crops: Managing nutrients and reducing erosion. https:\/\/www.sare.org\/resources\/cover-crops"},{"key":"15106_CR190","unstructured":"Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education [SARE]. (2024). Annual cover crop guide for improved soil health. https:\/\/www.sare.org\/resources\/annual-cover-crop-guide"},{"issue":"11","key":"15106_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-200111000-00010","volume":"166","author":"RS Swift","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swift, R. S. (2001). Sequestration of carbon by soil. Soil Science, 166(11), 858\u2013871.","journal-title":"Soil Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-022-00781-4","volume":"97","author":"E Tadesse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tadesse, E., & Negash, M. (2023). Impacts of indigenous agroforestry practices and elevation gradient on ecosystem carbon stocks in smallholdings\u2019 farming system in South-Central Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems, 97(1), 13\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-022-00781-4","journal-title":"Agroforestry Systems"},{"key":"15106_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114895","volume":"385","author":"Y Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang, Y., Gao, W., Cai, K., Chen, Y., Li, C., Lee, X., Cheng, H., Zhang, Q., & Cheng, J. (2021). Effects of biochar amendment on soil carbon dioxide emission and carbon budget in the karst region of southwest China. Geoderma, 385, Article 114895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114895","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GB001953","volume":"17","author":"ECC Telles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Telles, E. C. C., Camargo, P. D., & Oliveira, R. C. (2003). Influence of soil texture on carbon dynamics and storage potential in tropical forest soils of Amazonia. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(4), Article 1040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2002GB001953","journal-title":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles"},{"key":"15106_CR195","unstructured":"The Mini Mountain Farm. (2024). Agroforestry carbon storage. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theminimountainfarm.com\/agroforestry-carbon"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GB005678","volume":"32","author":"M Tifafi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tifafi, M., Guenet, B., & Hatt\u00e9, C. (2018). Large differences in global and regional total soil carbon stock estimates based on SoilGrids, HWSD, and NCSCD: Intercomparison and evaluation based on field data from USA, England, Wales, and France. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 32(1), 42\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017GB005678","journal-title":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-1717-2013","volume":"10","author":"KEO Todd-Brown","year":"2014","unstructured":"Todd-Brown, K. E. O., Randerson, J. T., Post, W. M., Hoffman, F. M., Tarnocai, C., Schuur, E. A. G., & Allison, S. D. (2014). Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations. Biogeosciences, 10(3), 1717\u20131736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bg-10-1717-2013","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"15106_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-020-09523-3","volume":"19","author":"A Tomczyk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tomczyk, A., Soko\u0142owska, Z., & Boguta, P. (2020). Biochar physicochemical properties: Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 19, 191\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11157-020-09523-3","journal-title":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"15106_CR199","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]. (2025). Cover crops for soil protection and nutrient management. Natural Resources Conservation Service. https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/nrcs\/main\/soils\/"},{"key":"15106_CR200","unstructured":"Uludere Aragon, N. Z., & Gordon, D. R. (2022). The realizable magnitude of carbon sequestration in global cropland soils: Socioeconomic factors. Environmental defense fund. https:\/\/www.edf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/realizable-magnitude-carbon-sequestration-cropland-soils-socioeconomic-factors.pdf"},{"issue":"10","key":"15106_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5630","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00889","volume":"51","author":"RA Viscarra Rossel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Viscarra Rossel, R. A., Lobsey, C. R., Sharman, C., Flick, P., & McLachlan, G. (2016). Novel proximal sensing for monitoring soil organic C stocks and condition. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(10), 5630\u20135641.","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2012.01495.x","volume":"63","author":"RA Viscarra Rossel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viscarra Rossel, R. A., & Webster, R. (2012). Predicting soil properties from the Australian soil visible\u2013near infrared spectroscopic database. European Journal of Soil Science, 63(6), 848\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2012.01495.x","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"15106_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2002.8970","volume":"66","author":"IIC Wakindiki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wakindiki, I. I. C., & Ben-Hur, M. (2002). Soil mineralogy and texture effects on crust micromorphology, infiltration, and erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66(3), 897\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2136\/sssaj2002.8970","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"15106_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105622","volume":"207","author":"B Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, B., Liang, C., Yao, H., Yang, E., & An, S. (2021). The accumulation of microbial necromass carbon from litter to mineral soil and its contribution to soil organic carbon sequestration. CATENA, 207, Article 105622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105622","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"15106_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2022.116117","volume":"427","author":"D Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, D., Lin, J. Y., Sayre, J. M., Schmidt, R., Fonte, S. J., Rodrigues, J. L., & Scow, K. M. (2022). Compost amendment maintains soil structure and carbon storage by increasing available carbon and microbial biomass in agricultural soil\u2013A six-year field study. Geoderma, 427, Article 116117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2022.116117","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"7","key":"15106_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-17-3375-2025","volume":"17","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, H., Li, X., Chen, Y., & Zhang, J. (2025). Global patterns of soil organic carbon distribution in the 20\u2013100 cm soil profile for different ecosystems: A global meta-analysis. Earth System Science Data, 17(7), 3375\u20133397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-17-3375-2025","journal-title":"Earth System Science Data"},{"issue":"8","key":"15106_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082118","volume":"15","author":"T Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, T., Li, H., Zhang, Y., & Chen, F. (2023). Soil organic carbon prediction using Sentinel-2 data and machine learning in Karst areas. Remote Sensing, 15(8), Article 2118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15082118","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10050691","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhao, L., & Chen, D. (2020). Effects of residue returning on soil organic carbon storage in China\u2019s croplands: A meta-analysis. Agronomy, 10(5), Article 691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy10050691","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(13)60076-4","volume":"24","author":"DC Weindorf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weindorf, D. C., Bakr, N., Zhu, Y., Mcwhirt, A., Ping, C. L., Michaelson, G., Nelson, C., Shook, K., & Nuss, S. (2014). Influence of ice on soil elemental characterization via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Pedosphere, 24(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1002-0160(13)60076-4","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"15106_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/781581","volume":"2013","author":"DC Weindorf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weindorf, D. C., Zhu, Y., & Chakraborty, S. (2013). Use of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for environmental quality assessment of soils. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2013, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/781581","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Soil Science"},{"key":"15106_CR211","volume":"365","author":"JR Wilford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilford, J. R., Searle, R., & de Caritat, P. (2020). Application of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry for soil property mapping and carbon assessment. Geoderma, 365, Article 114233.","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"15106_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2014.989111","volume":"46","author":"A Wotherspoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wotherspoon, A., Voroney, R. P., Thevathasan, N. V., & Gordon, A. M. (2015). Comparison of three methods for measurement of soil organic carbon. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 46(sup1), 362\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103624.2014.989111","journal-title":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2008.10.020","volume":"129","author":"H Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu, H., Guo, Z., Gao, Q., & Peng, C. (2009). Distribution of soil inorganic carbon storage and its changes due to agricultural land use activity in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 129(4), 413\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2008.10.020","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"15106_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JG003138","volume":"121","author":"X Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, X., Zhao, L., Fang, H., Zhao, Y., Smoak, J. M., Pang, Q., & Ding, Y. (2016). Environmental controls on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in the high-altitude arid western Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(1), 176\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2015JG003138","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences"},{"key":"15106_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2020.104763","volume":"205","author":"E Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie, E., Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Zhao, Y., Shi, X., Hu, W., & Qu, M. (2020). Spatiotemporal variations in soil organic carbon and their drivers in southeastern China during 1981-2011. Soil and Tillage Research, 205, Article 104763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2020.104763","journal-title":"Soil and Tillage Research"},{"key":"15106_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107885","volume":"210","author":"Y Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan, Y., Li, B., Rossel, R. V., Sun, F., Huang, Y., Shen, C., Shi, Z., & Ji, W. (2023). Optimal soil organic matter mapping using an ensemble model incorporating moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer, portable X-ray fluorescence, and visible near-infrared data. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 210, Article 107885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107885","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"issue":"5","key":"15106_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17311","volume":"30","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, L., Canarini, A., Zhang, W., Lang, M., Chen, Y., Cui, Z., & Tian, J. (2024). Microbial life\u2010history strategies mediate microbial carbon pump efficacy in response to N management depending on stoichiometry of microbial demand. Global Change Biology, 30(5), Article e17311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.17311","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"15106_CR218","first-page":"2563","volume":"25","author":"X Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Wei, H., Li, Y., & Liu, F. (2019). Soil carbon dynamics in degraded and restored ecosystems: A global synthesis. Global Change Biology, 25(8), 2563\u20132578.","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"15106_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2025.110534","volume":"237","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuan, Z., Wang, C., Ma, H., Liu, J., Guo, Z., Yao, C., Wang, X., & Pan, X. (2025). UAV hyperspectral prediction of soil nutrients using the cluster-hybrid method. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 237, Article 110534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2025.110534","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"15106_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srs.2024.100118","volume":"9","author":"O Yuzugullu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuzugullu, O., M\u00fcller, T., & Schneider, F. (2024). Satellite-based soil organic carbon mapping on European soils using available datasets and support sampling. Science of Remote Sensing, 9, Article 100118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.srs.2024.100118","journal-title":"Science of Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"8","key":"15106_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-017-1417-1","volume":"27","author":"W Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Hu, Z., Li, S., Guo, Q., Yang, H., & Zhang, T. (2017). Impact of land use conversion on soil organic carbon stocks in an agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(8), 999\u20131010.","journal-title":"Journal of Geographical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"15106_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199523","volume":"13","author":"H Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Liu, W., Zheng, J., Luo, Y., Li, R., Wang, H., & Qi, H. (2018). Effect of long-term tillage on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon in black soil of Northeast China. PLoS ONE, 13(6), Article e0199523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199523","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"15106_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2006.0014","volume":"71","author":"YL Zinn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zinn, Y. L., Lal, R., Bigham, J. M., & Resck, D. V. S. (2007). Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon retention in the Brazilian Cerrado: Texture and mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71(4), 1204\u20131214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2136\/sssaj2006.0014","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"15106_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35784\/pe.2020.2.19","author":"G \u017bukowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u017bukowska, G., Myszura, M., Zdeb, M., & Paw\u0142owska, M. (2020). Carbon sequestration in soil as a sustainable way of greenhouse effect mitigation. Problemy Ekorozwoju. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35784\/pe.2020.2.19","journal-title":"Problemy Ekorozwoju"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15106-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15106-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15106-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:37:49Z","timestamp":1773365869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15106-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":224,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["15106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15106-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have read, understood, and complied as applicable with the statement on \u201cEthical responsibilities of Authors\u201d as found in the \u201cInstructions for Authors\u201d.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"283"}}