{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:58:01Z","timestamp":1791457081521,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-026-15933-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:06:13Z","timestamp":1790564773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occurrence, source apportionment, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the Beiyun River system: a highly urbanized watershed in Beijing, China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3082-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"15933_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302251357775","volume":"19","author":"TA Abate","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abate, T. A., & Birhanu, A. G. (2025). Antibiotic use in livestock and environmental antibiotic resistance: A narrative review. Environmental Health Insights, 19, Article 11786302251357775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11786302251357775","journal-title":"Environmental Health Insights"},{"key":"15933_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.989395","volume":"13","author":"MA Abbas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abbas, M. A., Lee, E. B., Boby, N., Biruhanu, B. T., & Park, S. C. (2022). A pharmacodynamic investigation to assess the synergism of orbifloxacin and propyl gallate against Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, Article 989395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.989395","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"15933_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176280","volume":"954","author":"L Albarano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albarano, L., Suarez, E. G. P., Maggio, C., Marca, A. L., Iovine, R., Lofrano, G., Guida, M., Vaiano, V., Carotenuto, M., & Libralato, G. (2024). Assessment of ecological risks posed by veterinary antibiotics in European aquatic environments: A comprehensive review and analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 954, 176280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176280","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1039\/c3em00567d","volume":"16","author":"Y Bai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bai, Y., Meng, W., Xu, J., Zhang, Y., & Guo, C. (2014). Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the Liao River Basin in China. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 16, 586\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3em00567d","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"issue":"11","key":"15933_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104200","volume":"103","author":"M Boulanger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boulanger, M., Taillandier, J. F., Henri, J., Devreese, M., De Baere, S., Ferran, A. A., & Viel, A. (2024). Pharmacokinetic modeling of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sulfadiazine-trimethoprim combinations in broilers. Poultry Science, 103(11), Article 104200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104200","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"15933_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198223060-00001","volume":"23","author":"RN Brogden","year":"1982","unstructured":"Brogden, R. N., Carmine, A. A., Heel, R. C., Speight, T. M., & Avery, G. S. (1982). Trimethoprim: A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in urinary tract infections. Drugs, 23(6), 405\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-198223060-00001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"15933_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11030214","volume":"11","author":"D Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang, D., Mao, Y., Qiu, W., Wu, Y., & Cai, B. (2023). The source and distribution of tetracycline antibiotics in China: A review. Toxics, 11(3), 214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11030214","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"5","key":"15933_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.12.034","volume":"158","author":"X Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang, X., Meyer, M. T., Liu, X., Zhao, Q., Chen, H., Chen, J. A., Qiu, Z., Yang, L., Cao, J., & Shu, W. (2010). Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China. Environmental Pollution, 158(5), 1444\u20131450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.12.034","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"15933_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163184","volume":"878","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, M., Hong, Y., Jin, X., Guo, C., Zhao, X., Liu, N., Lu, H., Liu, Y., & Xu, J. (2023b). Ranking the risks of eighty pharmaceuticals in surface water of a megacity: A multilevel optimization strategy. Science of the Total Environment, 878, Article 157843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163184","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132497","volume":"460","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, M., Jin, X., Guo, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Dong, G., Liu, N., Guo, W., Giesy, J. P., Wu, F., & Xu, J. (2023a). Micropollutants but high risks: Human multiple stressors increase risks of freshwater ecosystems at the megacity-scale. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 460, Article 132497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132497","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"15933_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133247","volume":"465","author":"Y-R Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-R., Duan, Y.-P., Zhang, Z.-B., Gao, Y.-F., Dai, C.-M., Tu, Y.-J., & Gao, J. (2024). Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics pollution the Yangtze River basin, China: Emission, multimedia fate and risk assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 465, Article 133247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133247","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"15933_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174727","volume":"947","author":"F Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding, F., Li, Y., He, T., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Yin, G., Yang, J., Wu, S., Liu, Y., & Liu, M. (2024). Land use and spatial contiguity are key driven factors of antibiotic multimedia patterns in the megacity river network. Science of the Total Environment, 947, Article 174727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174727","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.118","volume":"575","author":"Q Dinh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dinh, Q., Moreau-Guigon, E., Labadie, P., Alliot, F., Teil, M. J., Blanchard, M., Eurin, J., & Chevreuil, M. (2017). Fate of antibiotics from hospital and domestic sources in a sewage network. Science of the Total Environment, 575, 758\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.118","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100437","volume":"11","author":"D Fan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan, D., Zhang, Y., Sun, S., Zhang, B., Liang, M. Y., & Xu, J. (2025). Occurrence, spatial distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment of antibiotics in Yangtze river surface water. Emerging Contaminants, 11, Article 100437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100437","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"issue":"6","key":"15933_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.11.019","volume":"86","author":"L Gao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gao, L., Shi, Y., Li, W., Niu, H., Liu, J., & Cai, Y. (2012). Occurrence of antibiotics in eight sewage treatment plants in Beijing, China. Chemosphere, 86(6), 665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.11.019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"15933_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.393","volume":"671","author":"X Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo, X., Feng, C., Gu, E., Tian, C., & Shen, Z. (2019). Spatial distribution, source apportionment and risk assessment of antibiotics in the surface water and sediments of the Yangtze Estuary. Science of the Total Environment, 671, 548\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.393","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"15933_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-54-16","volume":"54","author":"K Harada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harada, K., Shimizu, T., Kataoka, Y., & Takahashi, T. (2012). Post-antibiotic effect of orbifloxacin against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 54(1), 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0147-54-16","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"15933_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124158","volume":"286","author":"X Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, X., Wang, C., Chen, Y., Zhang, M., Hashmi, M. Z., Sun, T., Zou, B., Zhang, Y., Lin, J., & Wang, Z. (2025). Seasonal water level fluctuations regulate the source, distribution, and risk of antibiotics in the largest floodplain-lake in China. Water Research, 286, Article 124158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124158","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"15933_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.508","volume":"30","author":"A Jia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jia, A., Hu, J., Wu, X., Peng, H., Wu, S., & Dong, Z. (2011). Occurrence and source apportionment of sulfonamides and their metabolites in Liaodong Bay and the adjacent Liao River basin, North China. Science of the Total Environment, 30(6), 1252\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.508","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154412","volume":"828","author":"J Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang, J., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhou, Z., Zhang, J., Xu, N., Zhang, Q., Lu, T., Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M., & Qian, H. (2022). Machine learning predicts the impact of antibiotic properties on the composition and functioning of bacterial community in aquatic habitats. Science of the Total Environment, 828, Article 154412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154412","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77152-5","volume":"10","author":"Y Kuang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuang, Y., Guo, X., Hu, J., Li, S., Zhang, R., Gao, Q., Yang, X., Chen, Q., & Sun, W. (2020). Occurrence and risks of antibiotics in an urban river in northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Scientific Reports, 10, 20054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-77152-5","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"15933_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2022.2026870","volume":"43","author":"VV Le","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le, V. V., Tran, Q.-G., Ko, S.-R., Lee, S.-A., Oh, H.-M., Kim, H.-S., & Ahn, C.-Y. (2023). How do freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria respond to antibiotics. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 43(2), 191\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07388551.2022.2026870","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology"},{"key":"15933_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104919","volume":"130","author":"K Lei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lei, K., Zhu, Y., Chen, W., Pan, H., Cao, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, B., Sweetman, A., Lin, C., Ouyang, W., He, M., & Liu, X. (2019). Spatial and seasonal variations of antibiotics in river waters in the Haihe River Catchment in China and ecotoxicological risk assessment. Environment International, 130, Article 104919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104919","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"15933_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00364","volume":"4","author":"L Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, L., Sun, J., Liu, B., Zhao, D., Ma, J., Deng, H., Li, X., Hu, F., Liao, X., & Liu, Y. (2013). Quantification of lincomycin resistance genes associated with lincomycin residues in waters and soils adjacent to representative swine farms in China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00364","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"15933_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-016-2023-0","volume":"98","author":"Q Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, Q., Gao, J., Zhang, Q., Liang, L., & Tao, H. (2017). Distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics in a typical river in North China Plain. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 98(4), 478\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00128-016-2023-0","journal-title":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"key":"15933_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114833","volume":"256","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y., Tong, L., Zhang, J., Liu, H., Li, M., & Wen, Z. (2023). Distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics under water level fluctuation in the riparian zone of the Hanjiang River. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 256, Article 114833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114833","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"15933_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00683-6","volume":"313","author":"C-W Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu, C.-W., Lin, K.-H., & Kuo, Y.-M. (2003). Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment, 313, 77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00683-6","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"15","key":"15933_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135399","volume":"477","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Wu, Y., Li, S., Hu, J., Sun, W. L., & Ni, J. (2024). Profiles, drivers, and prioritization of antibiotics in China\u2019s major rivers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 477(15), Article 135399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135399","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"15933_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152567","volume":"812","author":"FJ Lopez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopez, F. J., Pitarch, E., Botero-Coy, A. M., Fabregat-Safont, D., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, M., Marin, J. M., Peruga, A., Onta\u00f1\u00f3n, N., Mart\u00ednez-Morcillo, S., Olalla, A., Valc\u00e1rcel, Y., Var\u00f3, I., & Hern\u00e1ndez, F. (2022). Removal efficiency for emerging contaminants in a WWTP from Madrid (Spain) after secondary and tertiary treatment and environmental impact on the Manzanares River. Science of the Total Environment, 812, Article 152567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152567","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119673","volume":"308","author":"Z Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, Z., Ling, Y., Sun, W., Liu, C., Mao, T., Ao, X., & Huang, T. (2022). Antibiotics degradation by UV\/chlor(am)ine advanced oxidation processes: A comprehensive review. Environmental Pollution, 308, Article 119673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119673","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"5","key":"15933_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1021\/es104009s","volume":"45","author":"Y Luo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Xu, L., Rysz, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., & Alvarez, P. J. (2011). Occurrence and transport of tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and macrolide antibiotics in the Haihe River Basin, China. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(5), 1827\u20131833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es104009s","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"Pt1","key":"15933_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115147","volume":"266","author":"J Lyu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lyu, J., Yang, L., Zhang, L., Ye, B., & Wang, L. (2020). Antibiotics in soil and water in China-a systematic review and source analysis. Environmental Pollution, 266(Pt1), Article 115147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115147","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"15933_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136674","volume":"484","author":"C Men","year":"2024","unstructured":"Men, C., Jiang, H., Ma, Y., Cai, H., Fu, H., & Li, Z. F. (2024). A nationwide probabilistic risk assessment and a new insight into source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics in eight typical river basins in China: Human health risk and ecological risk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 484, Article 136674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136674","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"15933_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2024.100290","volume":"7","author":"I Nouioui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nouioui, I., Boldt, J., Zimmermann, A., Makitrynskyy, R., P\u00f6tter, G., Jando, M., D\u00f6ppner, M., Kirstein, S., Neumann-Schaal, M., Gomez-Escribano, J. P., N\u00fcbel, U., & Mast, Y. (2024). Biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential of twenty-eight novel type strains of actinomycetes from different environments worldwide. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 7, Article 100290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crmicr.2024.100290","journal-title":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"15933_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1039\/c0em00394h","volume":"13","author":"X Peng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peng, X., Zhang, K., Tang, C., Huang, Q., Yu, Y., & Cui, J. (2011). Distribution pattern, behavior, and fate of antibacterials in urban aquatic environments in South China. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13(2), 446\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c0em00394h","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring"},{"key":"15933_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.200","volume":"609","author":"AMPT Pereira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pereira, A. M. P. T., Silva, L. J. G., Laranjeiro, C. S. M., Meisel, L. M., Lino, C. M., & Pena, A. (2017). Human pharmaceuticals in Portuguese rivers: The impact of water scarcity in the environmental risk. Science of the Total Environment, 609, 1182\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.200","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134552","volume":"708","author":"LT Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin, L. T., Pang, X. R., Zeng, H. H., Liang, Y. P., Mo, L. Y., Wang, D. Q., & Dai, J. F. (2020). Ecological and human health risk of sulfonamides in surface water and groundwater of Huixian karst wetland in Guilin, China. Science of the Total Environment, 708, Article 134552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134552","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117546","volume":"335","author":"J Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren, J., Shi, H., Liu, J., Zheng, C., Lu, G., Hao, S., Jin, Y., & He, C. (2023). Occurrence, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of thirty antibiotics in farmland system. Journal of Environmental Management, 335, Article 117546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117546","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"15933_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106702","volume":"155","author":"A Rico","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rico, A., de Oliveira, R., de Souza Nunes, G. S., Rizzi, C., Villa, S., L\u00f3pez-Heras, I., Vighi, M., & Waichman, A. V. (2021). Pharmaceuticals and other urban contaminants threaten Amazonian freshwater ecosystems. Environment International, 155, Article 106702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106702","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"15933_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140199","volume":"741","author":"NA Sabri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabri, N. A., van Holst, S., Schmitt, H., van der Zaan, B. M., Gerritsen, H. W., Rijnaarts, H. H. M., & Langenhoff, A. A. M. (2020). Fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes during conventional and additional treatment technologies in wastewater treatment plants. Science of the Total Environment, 741, Article 140199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140199","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149205","volume":"798","author":"Y Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., & Xie, Y. (2021). A systematic review on antibiotics misuse in livestock and aquaculture and regulation implications in China. Science of the Total Environment, 798, Article 149205.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"15933_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c01086","volume":"84","author":"AA Stierle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stierle, A. A., Stierle, D. B., Decato, D., Priestiey, N. D., Alverson, J. B., Hoody, J., McGrath, K., & Klepacki, D. (2021). The berkeleylactones, antibiotic macrolides from fungal coculture. Journal of Natural Products, 84(12), 3169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c01086","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Products"},{"key":"15933_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124331","volume":"406","author":"D Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su, D., Ben, W., Strobel, B. W., & Qiang, Z. (2021). Impacts of wastewater treatment plant upgrades on the distribution and risks of pharmaceuticals in receiving rivers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 406, Article 124331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124331","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"01","key":"15933_CR49","first-page":"296","volume":"46","author":"T Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang, T., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Qiao, X., Gu, B., Wang, W., & Qu, Y. (2025). Antibiotic pollution level and ecological risk assessment of township wastewater treatment plants. Environmental Science, 46(01), 296\u2013304. in Chinese.","journal-title":"Environmental Science"},{"key":"15933_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(85)90132-5","volume":"19","author":"GD Thurston","year":"1985","unstructured":"Thurston, G. D., & Spengler, J. D. (1985). A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston. Atmospheric Environment, 19, 9\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-6981(85)90132-5","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126226","volume":"374","author":"B Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian, B., Zhang, M., Zhu, C., Yang, R., Yin, G., Hu, S., Chen, Y., & Zhao, N. (2025). Contrastive cognition into the occurrence, source identification and risk assessment of antibiotics in various drinking water sources. Environmental Pollution, 374, Article 126226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126226","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"4","key":"15933_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-025-01738-7","volume":"17","author":"BIC Tresco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tresco, B. I. C., Wu, K. J. Y., Ramkissoon, A., Aleksandrova, E. V., Purdy, M., See, D. N. Y., Liu, R. Y., Polikanov, Y. S., & Myers, A. G. (2025). Discovery of a fluorinated macrobicyclic antibiotic through chemical synthesis. Nature Chemistry, 17(4), 582\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41557-025-01738-7","journal-title":"Nature Chemistry"},{"key":"15933_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117099","volume":"198","author":"R Tr\u00f6ger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ger, R., Ren, H., Yin, D., Postigo, C., Nguyen, P. D., Baduel, C., Golovko, O., Been, F., Joerss, H., Boled, M. R., Polesello, S., Roncoroni, M., Taniyasu, S., Menger, F., Ahrens, L., Yin Lai, F., & Wiberg, K. (2021). What\u2019s in the water?-Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia. Water Research, 198, Article 117099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117099","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"15933_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.055","volume":"430","author":"P Verlicchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verlicchi, P., Al-Aukidy, M., Galletti, A., Petrovic, M., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2012). Hospital effluent: Investigation of the concentrations and distribution of pharmaceuticals and environmental risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 430, 109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.055","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"15933_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-021-08887-5","volume":"193","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, C., Zhao, Y., Liu, S., Xiao, Q., Liang, W., & Song, Y. (2021b). Contamination, distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the urban surface water of the Pearl River in Guangzhou, south China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(2), Article 98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-021-08887-5","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"15933_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13060460","volume":"13","author":"D Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, D., Li, M., Liao, C., Dong, K., & Yao, Y. (2025). The occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of antibiotics in surface water and groundwater of the Huixian Wetland. Toxics, 13(6), 460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics13060460","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"15933_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131409","volume":"454","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, J., Lu, X., Jing, Q., Zhang, B., Ye, J., Zhang, H., Xiao, Z., & Zhang, J. (2023). Spatiotemporal characterization of heavy metal and antibiotics in the Pearl River Basin and pollutants removal assessment using invasive species-derived biochars. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 454, Article 131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131409","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"15933_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.07.016","volume":"146","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wei, H., Zhou, X., Li, K., Wu, W., & Guo, M. (2019a). Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in the Xi\u2019an section of the Weihe River, northwestern China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146, 794\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.07.016","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"15933_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134007","volume":"696","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhang, M. Y., Liu, J., Hu, X. M., & He, B. S. (2019b). Using a targeted ecopharmacovigilance intervention to control antibiotic pollution in a rural aquatic environment. Science of the Total Environment, 696, Article 134007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134007","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147811","volume":"788","author":"K Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, K., Zhuang, T., Su, Z., Chi, M., & Wang, H. (2021a). Antibiotic residues in wastewaters from sewage treatment plants and pharmaceutical industries: Occurrence, removal and environmental impacts. Science of the Total Environment, 788, Article 147811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147811","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.02.009","volume":"92","author":"B Xue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xue, B., Zhang, R., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Li, J., & Zhang, G. (2013). Antibiotic contamination in a typical developing city in south China: Occurrence and ecological risks in the Yongjiang River impacted by tributary discharge and anthropogenic activities. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 92, 229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.02.009","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"issue":"11","key":"15933_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2006.338","volume":"53","author":"N Yamashita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamashita, N., Yasojima, M., Nakada, N., Miyajima, K., Komori, K., Suzuki, Y., & Tanaka, H. (2006). Effects of antibacterial agents, levofloxacin and clarithromycin, on aquatic organisms. Water Science and Technology, 53(11), 65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2006.338","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"15933_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108840","volume":"237","author":"C Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, C., Song, G., & Lim, W. (2020). A review of the toxicity in fish exposed to antibiotics. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Toxicology & Pharmacology, 237, Article 108840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108840","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Toxicology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"15933_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133363","volume":"465","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, L., Zhao, F., Yen, H., Feng, Q., Li, M., Wang, X., Tang, J., Bu, Q., & Chen, L. (2024). Urbanization and land use regulate soil vulnerability to antibiotic contamination in urban green spaces. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 465, Article 133363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133363","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"19","key":"15933_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00399-3","volume":"37","author":"S Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang, S., & Carlson, K. (2003). Evolution of antibiotic occurrence in a river through pristine, urban and agricultural landscapes. Water Research, 37(19), 4645\u20134656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00399-3","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"15933_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125462","volume":"383","author":"S Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng, S., He, Y., Li, X., Li, Y., Tian, H., Yin, R., Zhang, Q., & Yu, D. (2025). The livestock and poultry farming impact on antibiotic pollution in China and the potential of nitrogen-doped biochar for remediation. Journal of Environmental Management, 383, Article 125462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125462","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"15933_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113365","volume":"257","author":"G Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Lu, S., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, T., Wang, Z., & Yang, Y. (2020). Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes and their correlations in lower Yangtze River, China. Environmental Pollution, 257, Article 113365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113365","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"15933_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165681","volume":"899","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Zhu, Z., Zhao, M., He, J., Zhang, X., Hao, F., & Du, P. (2023). Occurrence, removal, emission and environment risk of 32 antibiotics and metabolites in wastewater treatment plants in Wuhu, China. Science of the Total Environment, 899, Article 165681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165681","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"15933_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.03.002","volume":"80","author":"R Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Zhang, G., Zheng, Q., Tang, J., Chen, Y., Xu, W., Zou, Y., & Chen, X. (2012). Occurrence and risks of antibiotics in the Laizhou Bay, China: Impacts of river discharge. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 80, 208\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.03.002","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"15933_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139248","volume":"496","author":"X Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Wang, Z., & Hu, J. (2025). Performance comparison of O3 and O3\/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) advanced oxidation processes for the antibiotics removal in wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 496, Article 139248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139248","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"6","key":"15933_CR71","first-page":"3165","volume":"45","author":"X Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Zheng, Q., Ma, R., Zhang, H., Chen, M., & Guo, Q. (2024). Pollution characteristics and multilevel risk assenssments of antibiotics in the urban rivers of Beijing China. Environmental Science, 45(6), 3165\u20133175. in Chinese.","journal-title":"Environmental Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"15933_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.112049","volume":"12","author":"H Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Wu, T., Wang, Z., Xu, X., Ye, M., & Zhao, Z. (2024). Environmental characteristics of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance genes in the Suzhou river of Shanghai, China. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12(2), Article 112049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2024.112049","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"15933_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1039\/c6em00062b","volume":"18","author":"L-J Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, L.-J., Wu, Q.-L., Zhang, B.-B., Zhao, Y.-G., & Zhao, B.-Y. (2016). Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, mass balance and ecological risks of antibiotics in subtropical shallow Lake Taihu, China. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 18(4), 500\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6em00062b","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"15933_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151040","volume":"807","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Liu, G., Arif, M., Shi, X., & Wang, S. (2022). Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in the surface water of Chaohu lake and its tributaries in China. Science of the Total Environment, 807(Pt 3), Article 151040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151040","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"}],"container-title":["Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15933-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15933-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15933-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:45:22Z","timestamp":1791456322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15933-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["15933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-026-15933-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on \u201cEthical responsibilities of Authors\u201d as found in the Instructions for Authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1125"}}