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However, low-cost tools for tracking these contaminants in key sentinel species, such as bivalves, remain scarce, especially for matrices that resist conventional extraction protocols. In this sense, this study developed a dual-extraction method combining Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up to quantify multiple PAHs in\n                    <jats:italic>Perna perna<\/jats:italic>\n                    mussels sampled from Guanabara Bay, Brazil overcoming matrix interference to deliver faster, cheaper and more actionable contamination data for a subsistence food source. A total of 210 mussels were collected across four artisanal fishing communities in Guanabara Bay, a socially and ecologically critical estuary, 2 to 3 years after the spill. The method achieved strong linearity (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.995) and acceptable recovery (51.1\u2013109.0%) for 15 of 18 target PAHs. Only five compounds were quantified above the Limit of Quantification, with special focus on benzo(a)pyrene, with a high-molecular-weight and predominantly pyrogenic signature pointing to a diffuse, combustion-derived background rather than a lingering trace of the spill. This finding highlights the value of the proposed method, of a practical, affordable tool that is extensible to oil-impacted tropical estuaries worldwide for routine PAH biomonitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-026-15980-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:20:44Z","timestamp":1791847244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a short and sensitive QuEChERS-SPE-GC-MS method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biomonitoring in Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) mussels from an oil-impacted tropical estuary"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3148-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Vianna","family":"de Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Tessaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamella Talita","family":"Silva Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelmir Craveiro","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Ribas","family":"Celano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"de Almeida Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Eug\u00eanio","family":"Castro Cardoso de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel Ann","family":"Hauser-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Adam","family":"Conte-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"15980_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.068","volume":"450\u2013451","author":"A Albinet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albinet, A., Tomaz, S., & Lestremau, F. 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