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Informed verbal consent was obtained from each participant prior to data collection and field audit. No human biological samples were collected. All procedures followed the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, adopted 1964, most recently revised by the 75th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, October 2024). Given the non-interventional, non-biological nature of participant involvement (a field survey of farm practices and commercially available produce, with no clinical intervention, no biological sampling from participants, and no collection of personally identifying data), formal institutional ethics committee approval was not sought; the study is classified as standard, minimal-risk food safety and environmental surveillance research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1217"}}