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Specimens of\n                      Cirrhinus mrigala\n                      were collected using conventional, non-destructive fishing methods, and handling stress was minimized throughout sampling and transportation procedures. Fish were transported in ventilated containers filled with water from the sampling sites to maintain optimal environmental conditions. All applicable national regulations for animal care were strictly followed. The study was approved under notification No. UE\/ChairZool\/2024\/62.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1224"}}