{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:49:13Z","timestamp":1792590553879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Monit Assess"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Long-term lake monitoring often relies on monthly dissolved oxygen profiles, but the robustness of derived oxygen metrics to this temporal resolution is uncertain. We compared three years (2022\u20132024) of hourly sensor observations (high-frequency (HF)) with approximately monthly discrete profiles (low-frequency (LF)) from a small, dimictic subalpine lake. We evaluated volume-weighted oxygen concentrations, hypolimnetic oxygen depletion rates (ODR) and depth-specific counts of days with oxygen\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0mg L\u207b\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    . To isolate temporal sampling effects on ODR, we subsampled the HF daily record at 7-, 14-, 30- and 60-day intervals across all starting-day offsets within fixed annual fitting periods. LF profiles interpolated to daily resolution reproduced broad seasonal oxygen trajectories, but concentration differences persisted on matched sampling dates, particularly at 9 and 12\u00a0m. The mean within-year range width of signed ODR deviations from the full-HF reference was 8.0 percentage points at 7-day sampling, 20.5 at 14\u00a0days, 47.5 at 30\u00a0days and 48.6 at 60\u00a0days. Depth-specific low-oxygen-day counts were strongly correlated between datasets (Pearson\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.933\u20130.977), but unequal observation coverage precluded unbiased estimates of annual duration. The results indicate that approximately monthly profiles can describe broad seasonal oxygen dynamics in this lake, whereas more frequent sampling reduces the sensitivity of ODR estimates to sampling timing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-026-16081-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:26:36Z","timestamp":1792589196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robustness of oxygen metrics to sampling frequency in a stratified lake"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Weniger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1055-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Sommaruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"16081_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adrian, R., O\u2019Reilly, C. M., Zagarese, H., Baines, S. B., Hessen, D. O., Keller, W., Livingstone, D. M., Sommaruga, R., Straile, D., Van Donk, E., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., & Winder, M. (2009). Lakes as sentinels of climate change. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(6part2), 2283\u20132297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4319\/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2283","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2283"},{"issue":"3","key":"16081_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10504","volume":"62","author":"DP Giling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giling, D. P., Staehr, P. A., Grossart, H.-P., Andersen, M. R., Boehrer, B., Escot, C., Evrendilek, F., G\u00f3mez-Gener, L., Honti, M., Jones, I. D., Karakaya, N., Laas, A., Moreno-Ostos, E., Rinke, K., Scharfenberger, U., Schmidt, S. R., Weber, M., Woolway, R. I., Zwart, J. A., & Obrador, B. (2017). Delving deeper: Metabolic processes in the metalimnion of stratified lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 62(3), 1288\u20131306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lno.10504","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"issue":"7861","key":"16081_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03550-y","volume":"594","author":"SF Jane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jane, S. F., Hansen, G. J. A., Kraemer, B. M., Leavitt, P. R., Mincer, J. L., North, R. L., Pilla, R. M., Stetler, J. T., Williamson, C. E., Woolway, R. I., Arvola, L., Chandra, S., DeGasperi, C. L., Diemer, L., Dunalska, J., Erina, O., Flaim, G., Grossart, H.-P., Hambright, K. D., \u2026 Rose, K. C. (2021). Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes. Nature, 594(7861), 66\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03550-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"16081_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-25-1009-2021","volume":"25","author":"R Ladwig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ladwig, R., Hanson, P. C., Dugan, H. A., Carey, C. C., Zhang, Y., Shu, L., Duffy, C. J., & Cobourn, K. M. (2021). Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 25(2), 1009\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-25-1009-2021","journal-title":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences"},{"key":"16081_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis, A. S. L., Lau, M. P., Jane, S. F., Rose, K. C., Be\u2019eri-Shlevin, Y., Burnet, S. H., Clayer, F., Feuchtmayr, H., Grossart, H.-P., Howard, D. W., Mariash, H., Delgado Martin, J., North, R. L., Oleksy, I., Pilla, R. M., Smagula, A. P., Sommaruga, R., Steiner, S. E., Verburg, P., \u2026 Carey, C. C. (2024). Anoxia begets anoxia: A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes. 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