{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:04:21Z","timestamp":1789639461120,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003483","name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Familial Cancer"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In the majority of patients with a classical Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) a pathogenic <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> germline variant is identified; usually these are truncating variants in the coding region of <jats:italic>APC.<\/jats:italic> However, there are some special circumstances in which FAP is not the result of a pathogenic heterozygous germline variant in <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> (mosaicism) and tspecific <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> variants which do not cause FAP (I1307K and promotor variants). This paper will discuss these three conditions. <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> somatic (postzygotic) mosaicism can be identified in up to 50% of unexplained adenomatous polyposis cases. The ability to identify <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> postzygotic mosaicism depends on the the detection method (today usually next-generation sequencing) and also the tissue being analysed (investigation of multiple colorectal adenomas is more sensitive than leukocyte DNA). Identifying mosaicism has important implications in terms of an individual\u2019s management and managing risk in family members. The I1307K variant in <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> is prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) but can also be found in Sephardi Jews and individuals of non-Jewish descent. While this variant does not cause polyposis, it increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by 1.68-fold in AJ individuals. However, the link between the I1307K variant and CRC risk in non-AJ populations, is less well-established. Furthermore, its potential impact on other types of cancer remains unclear. Consequently, the classification of this variant, along with appropriate screening and surveillance recommendations, remains a subject of ongoing debate among leading medical and genetic organizations. Variants in the <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> promotor 1B region cause the relatively newly described condition of gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS). It is said to have an isolated gastric phenotype, with neither duodenal, large bowel nor extra-intestinal manifestations. There are many uncertainties regarding this condition, it\u2019s penetrance and management. Lack of clinical data and poor understanding of the natural history of the condition remain significant barriers to developing guidelines to manage this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-025-00464-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T14:10:50Z","timestamp":1744812650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A review of APC somatic mosaicism and specific APC variants - I1307K and promotor variants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shira","family":"Shur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Latchford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Spier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior H.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"464_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.133108","volume":"57","author":"TM Tuohy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tuohy TM, Burt RW (2008) Somatic mosaicism: a cause for unexplained cases of FAP? Gut 57(1):10\u201312","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"464_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2311","volume":"44","author":"EZ Macosko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Macosko EZ, McCarroll SA (2012) Exploring the variation within. Nat Genet 44(6):614\u2013616","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.6.459","volume":"40","author":"A Moyhuddin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moyhuddin A et al (2003) Somatic mosaicism in neurofibromatosis 2: prevalence and risk of disease transmission to offspring. J Med Genet 40(6):459\u2013463","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12078","volume":"84","author":"A Gammon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gammon A et al (2013) PTEN mosaicism with features of Cowden syndrome. Clin Genet 84(6):593\u2013595","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.07.003","volume":"95","author":"IM Campbell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Campbell IM et al (2014) Parental somatic mosaicism is underrecognized and influences recurrence risk of genomic disorders. Am J Hum Genet 95(2):173\u2013182","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"464_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3424","volume":"14","author":"LG Biesecker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biesecker LG, Spinner NB (2013) A genomic view of mosaicism and human disease. Nat Rev Genet 14(5):307\u2013320","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-041720-093403","volume":"54","author":"J Thorpe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thorpe J et al (2020) Mosaicism in human health and disease. Annu Rev Genet 54:487\u2013510","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"464_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.02.049","volume":"18","author":"AML Jansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jansen AML, Goel A (2020) Mosaicism in patients with colorectal cancer or polyposis syndromes: A systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 18(9):1949\u20131960","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"464_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20549","volume":"28","author":"S Aretz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aretz S et al (2007) Somatic APC mosaicism: a frequent cause of Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Hum Mutat 28(10):985\u2013992","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"issue":"1","key":"464_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.117796","volume":"57","author":"FJ Hes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hes FJ et al (2008) Somatic APC mosaicism: an underestimated cause of polyposis coli. Gut 57(1):71\u201376","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2015-103468","volume":"53","author":"I Spier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spier I et al (2016) Low-level APC mutational mosaicism is the underlying cause in a substantial fraction of unexplained colorectal adenomatous polyposis cases. J Med Genet 53(3):172\u2013179","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"464_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2011.089474","volume":"48","author":"J Necker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Necker J et al (2011) Detection of APC germ line mosaicism in patients with de Novo Familial adenomatous polyposis: a plea for the protein Truncation test. J Med Genet 48(8):526\u2013529","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"13","key":"464_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn095","volume":"17","author":"EM Kohler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohler EM et al (2008) Functional definition of the mutation cluster region of adenomatous polyposis coli in colorectal tumours. Hum Mol Genet 17(13):1978\u20131987","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.040","volume":"152","author":"AM Jansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jansen AM et al (2017) Distinct patterns of somatic mosaicism in the APC gene in neoplasms from patients with unexplained adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 152(3):546\u2013549e3","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"464_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciavarella M et al (2018) Somatic APC mosaicism and oligogenic inheritance in genetically unsolved colorectal adenomatous polyposis patients. Eur J Hum Genet. 26(3):387\u2013395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-017-0086-y"},{"key":"464_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Out AA et al (2015) High-resolution melting (HRM) re-analysis of a polyposis patients cohort reveals previously undetected heterozygous and mosaic APC gene mutations. Fam Cancer. 14(2):247\u201357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-015-9780-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.055","volume":"159","author":"D Terlouw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Terlouw D et al (2020) Recurrent APC splice variant c.835-8A\u2009>\u2009G in patients with unexplained colorectal polyposis fulfilling the colibactin mutational signature. Gastroenterology 159(4):1612\u20131614e5","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"464_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0997-79","volume":"17","author":"SJ Laken","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laken SJ et al (1997) Familial colorectal cancer in ashkenazim due to a hypermutable tract in APC. Nat Genet 17(1):79\u201383","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"18","key":"464_CR19","first-page":"4040","volume":"58","author":"R Gryfe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gryfe R et al (1998) Somatic instability of the APC I1307K allele in colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Res 58(18):4040\u20134043","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"464_CR20","unstructured":"ClinVar (https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/variation\/822\/)"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2023.100992","volume":"26","author":"I Spier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spier I et al (2024) Gene-specific ACMG\/AMP classification criteria for germline APC variants: recommendations from the ClinGen insight hereditary colorectal cancer\/polyposis variant curation expert panel. Genet Med 26(2):100992","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"464_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2024.09.002","volume":"111","author":"X Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin X et al (2024) Large-scale application of ClinGen-InSiGHT APC-specific ACMG\/AMP variant classification criteria leads to substantial reduction in VUS. Am J Hum Genet 111(11):2427\u20132443","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2023.101036","volume":"26","author":"RJ Schmidt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmidt RJ et al (2024) Recommendations for risk allele evidence curation, classification, and reporting from the ClinGen low penetrance\/risk allele working group. Genet Med 26(3):101036","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"464_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg-2022-108984","volume":"60","author":"L Valle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valle L et al (2023) Position statement of the international society for Gastrointestinal hereditary tumours (InSiGHT) on APC I1307K and cancer risk. J Med Genet 60(11):1035\u20131043","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"464_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg-2024-109900","volume":"61","author":"TP McVeigh","year":"2024","unstructured":"McVeigh TP et al (2024) Challenges in developing and implementing international best practice guidance for intermediate-risk variants in cancer susceptibility genes: APC c.3920T\u2009>\u2009A p.(Ile1307Lys) as an exemplar. J Med Genet 61(8):810\u2013812","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"464_CR26","volume-title":"A historical atlas of the Jewish people","author":"E Barnavi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barnavi E (1992) A historical atlas of the Jewish people. Schocken Books, New York"},{"issue":"7303","key":"464_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09103","volume":"466","author":"DM Behar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Behar DM et al (2010) The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people. Nature 466(7303):238\u2013242","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"464_CR28","volume-title":"History of modern Jewry","author":"RA Mahler","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mahler RA (1971) History of modern Jewry. Schocken Books, New York"},{"key":"464_CR29","unstructured":"DellaPergola S, Even J (2001) Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History. Papers in Jewish Demography 1997, Jerusalem, The Hebrew University: pp. 11\u201333"},{"issue":"6","key":"464_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1086\/379926","volume":"73","author":"BL Niell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Niell BL et al (2003) Genetic anthropology of the colorectal cancer-susceptibility allele APC I1307K: evidence of genetic drift within the ashkenazim. Am J Hum Genet 73(6):1250\u20131260","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"464_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.2093","volume":"85","author":"A Figer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Figer A et al (2001) Phenotypic characteristics of colo-rectal cancer in I1307K APC germline mutation carriers compared with sporadic cases. Br J Cancer 85(9):1368\u20131371","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1086\/302262","volume":"64","author":"R Gryfe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gryfe R et al (1999) Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism. Am J Hum Genet 64(2):378\u2013384","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"464_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41580.x","volume":"100","author":"HH Fidder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fidder HH et al (2005) Genetic analyses in consecutive Israeli Jewish colorectal cancer patients. Am J Gastroenterol 100(6):1376\u20131380","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"464_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0167-9","volume":"48","author":"G Rennert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rennert G et al (2005) Colorectal polyps in carriers of the APC I1307K polymorphism. Dis Colon Rectum 48(12):2317\u20132321","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"464_CR35","unstructured":"Sephardi (2022) in Encyclopedia britannica"},{"key":"464_CR36","unstructured":"Gshur B, Okun B (2003) Generational effects on marriage patterns among Israeli Jews. Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2004.06.001","volume":"77","author":"S Kapitanovi\u0107","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kapitanovi\u0107 S et al (2004) APC gene loss of heterozygosity, mutations, E1317Q, and I1307K germ-line variants in sporadic colon cancer in Croatia. Exp Mol Pathol 77(3):193\u2013200","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00393-2","volume":"37","author":"S Evertsson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Evertsson S, Lindblom A, Sun XF (2001) APC I1307K and E1317Q variants are rare or do not occur in Swedish colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 37(4):499\u2013502","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20173","volume":"110","author":"XL Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou XL et al (2004) Definition of candidate low risk APC alleles in a Swedish population. Int J Cancer 110(4):550\u2013557","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"464_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10722","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10722","volume":"95","author":"IM Frayling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frayling IM et al (1998) The APC variants I1307K and E1317Q are associated with colorectal tumors, but not always with a family history. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(18):10722\u201310727","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"464_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70229-5","volume":"116","author":"TW Prior","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prior TW et al (1999) The I1307K polymorphism of the APC gene in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 116(1):58\u201363","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"464_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forkosh E et al (2022) Ashkenazi Jewish and other white APC I1307K carriers are at higher risk for multiple cancers. Cancers (Basel) 14(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235875"},{"issue":"4","key":"464_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.9123","volume":"21","author":"R Chen-Shtoyerman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen-Shtoyerman R et al (2003) Genetic analysis of Familial colorectal cancer in Israeli Arabs. Hum Mutat 21(4):446\u2013447","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"issue":"1","key":"464_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-015-9834-8","volume":"15","author":"C Abdel-Malak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdel-Malak C et al (2016) Association of APC I1307K and E1317Q polymorphisms with colorectal cancer among Egyptian subjects. Fam Cancer 15(1):49\u201356","journal-title":"Fam Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"464_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.08.016","volume":"61","author":"E Liberman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liberman E et al (2007) The APC E1317Q and I1307K polymorphisms in non-colorectal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 61(9):566\u2013569","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"464_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29876","volume":"138","author":"A Leshno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leshno A et al (2016) The APC I1307K allele conveys a significant increased risk for cancer. Int J Cancer 138(6):1361\u20131367","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21170","volume":"120","author":"HS Stern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stern HS et al (2001) APC I1307K increases risk of transition from polyp to colorectal carcinoma in Ashkenazi Jews. Gastroenterology 120(2):392\u2013400","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33199","volume":"148","author":"IM Akcay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akcay IM et al (2021) Germline pathogenic variant spectrum in 25 cancer susceptibility genes in Turkish breast and colorectal cancer patients and elderly controls. Int J Cancer 148(2):285\u2013295","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"464_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2007.05.015","volume":"177","author":"M Dundar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dundar M et al (2007) How the I1307K adenomatous polyposis coli gene variant contributes in the assessment of risk of colorectal cancer, but not stomach cancer, in a Turkish population. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 177(2):95\u201397","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"464_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Worthley DL, Phillips KD, Wayte N et al (2012) Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS): a new autosomal dominant syndrome. Gut. 61(5):774\u2013779","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300348"},{"issue":"5","key":"464_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.03.001","volume":"98","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J, Woods SL, Healey S et al (2016) Point mutations in exon 1B of APC reveal gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach as a Familial adenomatous polyposis variant. Am J Hum Genet 98(5):830\u2013842","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"464_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.05.016","volume":"285","author":"K Hosoya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hosoya K, Yamashita S, Ando T et al (2009) Adenomatous polyposis coli 1A is likely to be methylated as a passenger in human gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 285:182\u2013189","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"464_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3642","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203704","volume":"19","author":"T Tsuchiya","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsuchiya T, Tamura G, Sato K et al (2000) Distinct methylation patterns of two APC gene promoters in normal and cancerous gastric epithelia. Oncogene 19:3642\u20133646","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"464_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13053-024-00284-6","volume":"22","author":"PA Skat-R\u00f8rdam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Skat-R\u00f8rdam PA, Kaya Y, Qvist N et al (2024) Gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS): a systematic review with analysis of individual patient data. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 22:12","journal-title":"Hered Cancer Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"464_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-017-9966-0","volume":"16","author":"SJ Walton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walton SJ, Frayling IM, Clark SK, Latchford A (2017) Gastric Tunours in FAP. Fam Cancer 16(3):363\u2013369","journal-title":"Fam Cancer"}],"container-title":["Familial Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10689-025-00464-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10689-025-00464-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10689-025-00464-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T06:02:12Z","timestamp":1750917732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10689-025-00464-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10689-025-00464-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39"}}