{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:44:14Z","timestamp":1792028654231,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KTP 14032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KTP 14032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fire Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Selecting appropriate design fire models remains a key unresolved challenge in performance-based structural fire engineering, where the applicability of the Eurocode EN 1991-1-2 parametric fire curve and travelling fire (TF) models is not clearly defined. This study proposes a quantitative threshold for selecting between the EN and TF models based on full-scale experimental results. A total of 222 available full-scale natural fire experiments are summarised and used as benchmark data. For each experiment, average compartment fire temperature\u2013time curves are predicted using the EN and TF models, respectively, and their predictive accuracy is quantitatively assessed to determine the best-performing model for each fire test. A logistic regression (LR) model is then derived from the available dataset to predict the best-performing model for a given set of fire inputs. As the required TF model inputs, namely the peak fire temperature, heat release rate per unit area, and fire spread rate, were not reported in the experimental data, a sensitivity study is conducted to evaluate their influence on the derived LR model. The results show that the LR model is most sensitive to the assumed fire spread rate. Therefore, three applicability segments are introduced into the LR model to cover a wider range of fire scenarios. The proposed LR model achieves an average training accuracy of 0.736 and an ROC\u2013AUC of 0.808. A probabilistic risk assessment case study using Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates that the proposed LR model reduces both over- and under-design compared with EN-only or TF-only methods, providing a more balanced and reliable framework for current performance-based structural fire design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-026-02017-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:48:48Z","timestamp":1792025328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Data-Driven Selection of Parametric and Travelling Fire Models for Performance-based Fire Design"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamzeh","family":"Hajiloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Hopkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Heng","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-018-0746-7","volume":"55","author":"R Van Coile","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Coile R, Hopkin D, Lange D, Jomaas G, Bisby L (2019) The need for hierarchies of acceptance criteria for probabilistic risk assessments in fire engineering. Fire Technol 55(4):1111\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10694-018-0746-7","journal-title":"Fire Technol"},{"key":"2017_CR2","unstructured":"ISO 834 (1999) Fire-resistance tests\u2014elements of building construction, Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"2017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2020.103188","volume":"116","author":"A Law","year":"2020","unstructured":"Law A, Bisby L (2020) The rise and rise of fire resistance. Fire Saf J 116:103188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2020.103188","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2024.108933","volume":"199","author":"A Lucherini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lucherini A, Jovanovi B, Torero JL, Van Coile R, Merci B (2024) Thermal characterisation of the cooling phase of post-flashover compartment fires. Int J Therm Sci 199:108933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2024.108933","journal-title":"Int J Therm Sci"},{"key":"2017_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470091150","volume-title":"Fundamentals of fire phenomena","author":"JG Quintiere","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quintiere JG (2006) Fundamentals of fire phenomena. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken"},{"key":"2017_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2024.104113","volume":"144","author":"F Put","year":"2024","unstructured":"Put F, Lucherini A, Merci B, Van Coile R (2024) Model uncertainty in a parametric fire curve approach: a stochastic correction factor for the compartment fire load density. Fire Saf J 144:104113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2024.104113","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR7","unstructured":"Cajot L-G, Schleich J-B, Pierre M (1998) Natural fire safety concept: full-scale tests, implementation in the Eurocodes and development of a user-friendly design tool: final report, Technical report, European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), Luxembourg"},{"key":"2017_CR8","unstructured":"Rein G, Zhang X, Williams P, Hume B, Heise A, Jowsey A, Lane B, Torero J (2007) Multi-storey fire analysis for high-rise buildings, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Interflam Conference, Interflam, London, UK, pp 605\u2013616"},{"key":"2017_CR9","volume-title":"Natural fires in large scale compartments. Collaborative project report","author":"B Kirby","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kirby B, Wainman D, Tomlinson L, Kay T, Peacock B (1999) Natural fires in large scale compartments. Collaborative project report. British Steel Technical and Fire Research Station, Rotherham, UK"},{"key":"2017_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas I, Bennetts I (2000) Fires in enclosures with single ventilation openings\u2014comparison of long and wide enclosures. Fire Safety Science\u2014Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium, International Association for Fire Safety Science, pp 941\u2013952","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.6-941"},{"key":"2017_CR11","unstructured":"Rein G, Abecassis\u00a0Empis C, Carvel R (2007) The Dalmarnock fire tests: experiments and modelling, technical report, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"issue":"8","key":"2017_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2007.04.002","volume":"42","author":"S Welch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Welch S, Jowsey A, Deeny S, Morgan R, Torero J (2007) BRE large compartment fire tests\u2014characterising post-flashover fires for model validation. Fire Saf J 42(8):548\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2007.04.002","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-023-01463-y","volume":"60","author":"Q Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Q, Hofmeyer H, Maljaars J, van Herpen R (2024) Full-scale fire resistance testing and two-scale simulations of sandwich panels with connections. Fire Technol 60:2461\u20132488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10694-023-01463-y","journal-title":"Fire Technol"},{"key":"2017_CR14","volume-title":"BRE Cardington steel framed building fire tests: data release, technical report","author":"T Lennon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lennon T (2016) BRE Cardington steel framed building fire tests: data release, technical report. Building Research Establishment (BRE), Watford, UK"},{"key":"2017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.110969","volume":"98","author":"Q Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Q, Hofmeyer H, Maljaars J, van Herpen R (2024) Pyrolysis modelling of insulation material in coupled fire-structure simulations. J Build Eng 98:110969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.110969","journal-title":"J Build Eng"},{"key":"2017_CR16","unstructured":"EN 1991-1-2 (2002) Eurocode 1: actions on structures\u2014part 1-2: general actions\u2014actions on structures exposed to fire, Standard, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels"},{"key":"2017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2012.06.011","volume":"54","author":"J Stern-Gottfried","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stern-Gottfried J, Rein G (2012) Travelling fires for structural design-part II: design methodology. Fire Saf J 54:96\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2012.06.011","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2017.04.001","volume":"91","author":"X Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai X, Welch S, Usmani A (2017) A critical review of \u201ctravelling fire\u2019\u2019 scenarios for performance-based structural engineering. Fire Saf J 91:568\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2017.04.001","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franssen J-M (2000) Improvement of the parametric fire of Eurocode 1 based on experimental tests results. 6th international Symposium on Fire Safety Science, Curtat ed., Poitiers, France","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.6-927"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.x","volume":"20","author":"DR Cox","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cox DR (1958) The regression analysis of binary sequences. J Roy Stat Soc 20(2):215\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.x","journal-title":"J Roy Stat Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2017_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-016-0557-6","volume":"44","author":"Y Jafari Goldarag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jafari Goldarag Y, Mohammadzadeh A, Ardakani A (2016) Fire risk assessment using neural network and logistic regression. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 44(6):885\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12524-016-0557-6","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Remote Sens"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR22","first-page":"173","volume":"33","author":"R Eslami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eslami R, Azarnoush M, Kialashki A, Kazemzadeh F (2021) GIS-based forest fire susceptibility assessment by random forest, artificial neural network and logistic regression methods. J Trop For Sci 33(2):173\u2013184","journal-title":"J Trop For Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9919","DOI":"10.18400\/tekderg.470633","volume":"31","author":"\u00d6A Kale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kale \u00d6A, Baradan S (2020) Identifying factors that contribute to severity of construction injuries using logistic regression model. Teknik Dergi 31(2):9919\u20139940","journal-title":"Teknik Dergi"},{"key":"2017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strusafe.2020.102000","volume":"87","author":"X Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song X (2020) Parameterized fragility analysis of steel frame structure subjected to blast loads using Bayesian logistic regression method. Struct Saf 87:102000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.strusafe.2020.102000","journal-title":"Struct Saf"},{"key":"2017_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2015.06.001","volume":"3","author":"E Rackauskaite","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rackauskaite E, Hamel C, Law A, Rein G (2015) Improved formulation of travelling fires and application to concrete and steel structures. Structures 3:250\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.istruc.2015.06.001","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"2017_CR26","unstructured":"Hopkin DJ (2013) Testing the single zone structural fire design hypothesis. Interflam 2013, proceedings of the 13th international conference. pp 139\u2013150"},{"key":"2017_CR27","unstructured":"EN 1993-1-2 (2005) Eurocode 3: design of steel structures\u2014part 1-2: general rules\u2014structural fire design, Technical report, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium"},{"key":"2017_CR28","unstructured":"LDV (2005) Pilot project, handbook 5: design of buildings for the fire situation"},{"key":"2017_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2025.125733","volume":"266","author":"MJ Moradi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moradi MJ, Hajiloo H (2025) Meta-analysis of compartment fires: exploring extensive experimental datasets with heat release rate in focus. Appl Therm Eng 266:125733","journal-title":"Appl Therm Eng"},{"key":"2017_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2026.129705","author":"MJ Moradi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Moradi MJ, Hajiloo H (2026) Modeling compartment fire HRR and temperature development: an alternative to the Eurocode parametric fire. Appl Therm Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2026.129705","journal-title":"Appl Therm Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"2017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02590543","volume":"8","author":"RL Alpert","year":"1972","unstructured":"Alpert RL (1972) Calculation of response time of ceiling-mounted fire detectors. Fire Technol 8(3):181\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02590543","journal-title":"Fire Technol"},{"key":"2017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2015.06.001","volume":"3","author":"E Rackauskaite","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rackauskaite E, Hamel C, Law A, Rein G (2015) Improved formulation of travelling fires and application to concrete and steel structures. Structures 3:250\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.istruc.2015.06.001","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"2017_CR33","unstructured":"Fu I, Rickard I, Hopkin D, Spearpoint M (2019) Application of python programming language in structural fire engineering\u2014Monte Carlo simulation. Proceedings of the Interflam 2019 Conference, Royal Holloway College, Egham, UK, pp 1\u20133"},{"key":"2017_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2026.104823","volume":"163","author":"Q Xu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xu Q, Hopkin C, Wang Y (2026) Uncertainties in natural fire models: accuracy and probabilistic application in structural fire design. Fire Saf J 163:104823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2026.104823","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02479583","volume":"17","author":"BJ McCaffrey","year":"1981","unstructured":"McCaffrey BJ, Quintiere JG, Harkleroad MF (1981) Estimating room temperatures and the likelihood of flashover using fire test data correlation. Fire Technol 17(2):98\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02479583","journal-title":"Fire Technol"},{"key":"2017_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2024.104183","volume":"146","author":"T Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia T, Ruan H, Wang Y (2024) Predicting the flashover occurrence and energy distribution in compartment fires with different boundary materials. Fire Saf J 146:104183","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2025.104432","volume":"155","author":"MJ Moradi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moradi MJ, Hajiloo H (2025) Quantitative review of experimental tests and theoretical models of flashover occurrence in compartment fires. Fire Saf J 155:104432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.firesaf.2025.104432","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2021.107032","volume":"188","author":"N Alam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alam N, Nadjai A, Charlier M, Vassart O, Welch S, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m J, Dai X (2022) Large scale travelling fire tests with open ventilation conditions and their effect on the surrounding steel structure-the second fire test. J Constr Steel Res 188:107032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcsr.2021.107032","journal-title":"J Constr Steel Res"},{"key":"2017_CR39","volume-title":"PD 6688-1-2:2007 background paper to the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-2. Technical report","author":"British Standards Institution","year":"2007","unstructured":"British Standards Institution (2007) PD 6688-1-2:2007 background paper to the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-2. Technical report. British Standards Institution, London"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/40.2.139","volume":"40","author":"PH Thomas","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thomas PH (1967) Some aspects of the growth and spread of fire in the open. Forestry 40(2):139\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/forestry\/40.2.139","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-7112(95)00021-K","volume":"24","author":"L Audouin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Audouin L, Kolb G, Torero J, Most J (1995) Average centreline temperatures of a buoyant pool fire obtained by image processing of video recordings. Fire Saf J 24(2):167\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0379-7112(95)00021-K","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"2017_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119975465","volume-title":"An introduction to fire dynamics","author":"D Drysdale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drysdale D (2011) An introduction to fire dynamics. John wiley & sons, Hoboken"},{"key":"2017_CR43","unstructured":"British Standards Institution (2019) PD 7974-1:2019 application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings. Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure of origin (sub-system 1), Technical report. British Standards Institution, London"},{"issue":"19","key":"2017_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"B Kirby","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirby B, Newman G, Butterworth N, Pagan J, English C (2004) A new approach to specifying fire resistance periods. Struct Eng 82(19):1","journal-title":"Struct Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-014-0410-9","volume":"51","author":"A Law","year":"2015","unstructured":"Law A, Stern-Gottfried J, Butterworth N (2015) A risk based framework for time equivalence and fire resistance. Fire Technol 51(4):771\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10694-014-0410-9","journal-title":"Fire Technol"},{"key":"2017_CR46","unstructured":"PD 7974-7:2019 (2019) Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings\u2014part 7: probabilistic risk assessment. British Standard"},{"key":"2017_CR47","unstructured":"Lucherini A, Ni S, Unobe D, Gernay T, Chaudhary RK, Peng M, Van\u00a0Coile R (2024) Application of cost-benefit analysis methodology for fire safety measures in structural fire engineering. 13th International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF 2024), CMM-Portuguese Steelwork Association, pp 25\u201336"},{"key":"2017_CR48","unstructured":"Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS) (2001) Probabilistic Model Code, https:\/\/www.jcss-lc.org\/jcss-probabilistic-model-code\/, part 1: basis of design; part 2: load models; part 3: resistance models"},{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-018-0716-0","volume":"55","author":"Q Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie Q, Xiao J, Gardoni P, Hu K (2019) Probabilistic analysis of building fire severity based on fire load density models. Fire Technol 55(4):1349\u20131375","journal-title":"Fire Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2017_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1260\/2040-2317.4.1.37","volume":"4","author":"K Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi K, Guo Q, Jeffers A (2013) Stochastic analysis of structures in fire by Monte Carlo simulation. J Struct Fire Eng 4(1):37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1260\/2040-2317.4.1.37","journal-title":"J Struct Fire Eng"},{"key":"2017_CR51","unstructured":"Inerhunwa I (2021) Reliability based analysis of effects of fire service intervention and sprinklers on building fire resistance. The University of Manchester, Phd thesis"}],"container-title":["Fire Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10694-026-02017-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10694-026-02017-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10694-026-02017-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:48:51Z","timestamp":1792025331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10694-026-02017-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10694-026-02017-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-2684","1572-8099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-2684","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"187"}}