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Plant-based substitutes have been a major focus, with soybean meal and its derivatives leading the way. However, many plants contain phytoestrogens, which may affect fish physiology. This study aimed to assess in vitro the effects of genistein (GE), daidzein (DZN), glycitein (GLY), and coumestrol (COU) on the lipid metabolism of rainbow trout (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:italic>) and gilthead sea bream (<jats:italic>Sparus aurata<\/jats:italic>). Primary cultured adipocytes were incubated with these phytoestrogens, along with 17\u03b2-estradiol, at two doses each (1, 10, or 100\u00a0\u03bcM). The 100\u00a0\u03bcM dose of GE and DZN decreased adipocyte viability, and mainly enhanced lipid accumulation in both species, suggesting a hypertrophic condition. However, the reduction in adipocyte number and lipid content with 100\u00a0\u03bcM DZN in rainbow trout indicated a limiting effect on adipose tissue growth in this species. Interestingly, COU significantly increased cell viability in gilthead sea bream, potentially leading to hyperplastic growth, a more favorable metabolic state. In that species, which proved to be more phytoestrogens-sensitive, <jats:italic>lipoprotein lipase<\/jats:italic> was generally downregulated upon treatments. Moreover, 10\u00a0\u00b5M GE significantly decreased the mRNA levels of <jats:italic>fatty acid transport protein 1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>fatty acid synthase<\/jats:italic>, and increased those of <jats:italic>fatty acid binding protein 1<\/jats:italic>, suggesting an acceleration of the differentiation process compared to the control cells. This work provides new insights into how dietary phytoestrogens modulate fish lipid metabolism and supports that their presence in plant protein feedstuffs can potentially affect fish health and production performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-025-01483-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T03:49:20Z","timestamp":1743133760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Screening the effects of phytoestrogens on lipid metabolism in primary cultured adipocytes from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5101-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Balbuena-Pecino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e0lia","family":"Riera-Heredia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5749-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Perell\u00f3-Amor\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0863-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Encarnaci\u00f3n","family":"Capilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2641-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.02.003","volume":"139","author":"T Bagheri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bagheri T, Imanpoor MR, Jafari V, Bennetau-Pelissero C (2013) Reproductive impairment and endocrine disruption in goldfish by feeding diets containing soybean meal. 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