{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T14:36:07Z","timestamp":1794062167539,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeoJournal"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-023-10863-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:02:51Z","timestamp":1679540571000},"page":"4175-4188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the invisible water insecurity of water utility shutoffs in Detroit, Michigan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-5258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Helderop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony H.","family":"Grubesic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10863_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23368","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23368","volume":"32","author":"EA Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams, E. A., Stoler, J., & Adams, Y. (2020). Water insecurity and urban poverty in the global south: implications for health and human biology. American Journal of Human Biology, 32(1), e23368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.23368","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10863_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5942\/jawwa.2017.109.0103","volume":"109","author":"BL Blake","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blake, B. L., Brown, G. A., & Rothstein, E. (2017). Model water utility affordability programs. Journal AWWA, 109(8), 30\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5942\/jawwa.2017.109.0103","journal-title":"Journal AWWA"},{"key":"10863_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown, M. J. (2020). Declining household plumbing in certain Alaskan Census-Designated and Incorporated Places. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26153\/tsw\/14473.","DOI":"10.26153\/tsw\/14473"},{"key":"10863_CR4","unstructured":"Burns, G. (2014). Detroit's privatized trash collection begins Monday; city to enhance focus on illegal dumping. MLive. https:\/\/www.mlive.com\/news\/detroit\/2014\/05\/detroits_privatized_trash_coll.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"10863_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466046611000391","volume":"13","author":"R Butts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butts, R., & Gasteyer, S. (2011). Environmental reviews & case studies: more cost per drop: water rates, structural inequality, and race in the United States\u2014The Case of Michigan. Environmental Practice, 13(4), 386\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1466046611000391","journal-title":"Environmental Practice"},{"key":"10863_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5167\/uzh-98767","author":"CM C\u00e9l\u00e9rier","year":"2014","unstructured":"C\u00e9l\u00e9rier, C. M., & Matray, A. (2014). Unbanked households: Evidence of supply-side factors. SSRN. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5167\/uzh-98767","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"10863_CR7","unstructured":"City of Detroit. \"About DWSD.\" Accessed May 17, 2022a. https:\/\/detroitmi.gov\/departments\/water-and-sewerage-department\/dwsd-resources\/about-dwsd."},{"key":"10863_CR8","unstructured":"City of Detroit. Water Assistance Programs. Accessed July 7, 2022. https:\/\/detroitmi.gov\/departments\/water-and-sewerage-department\/dwsd-customer-service\/water-assistance-programs"},{"key":"10863_CR9","unstructured":"Citizens Research Council of Michigan. Examining Detroit's Vacancy Rate Drop, March 8, 2022b. https:\/\/crcmich.org\/examining-detroits-vacancy-rate-drop."},{"issue":"3","key":"10863_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1177\/10780874211016925","volume":"58","author":"S Cornelissen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cornelissen, S. (2022). \u201cRemember, this is brightmoor\u201d: historical violence, neighborhood experiences, and the hysteresis of street life. Urban Affairs Review, 58(3), 832\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10780874211016925","journal-title":"Urban Affairs Review"},{"key":"10863_CR11","unstructured":"Corrigan, Z. (2023). 60,000 Detroit households threatened with water shut-off. WSWS. https:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2023\/01\/06\/vksv-j06.html"},{"key":"10863_CR12","unstructured":"Cwiek, S. Great lakes water authority clears final big hurdle, Set to Launch Jan 1. Michigan Radio, December 5, 2015. https:\/\/www.michiganradio.org\/politics-government\/2015-12-04\/great-lakes-water-authority-clears-final-big-hurdle-set-to-launch-jan-1."},{"issue":"4","key":"10863_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2018.1530587","volume":"109","author":"S Deitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deitz, S., & Meehan, K. (2019). Plumbing poverty: mapping hot spots of racial and geographic inequality in U.S. household water insecurity. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 109(4), 1092\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24694452.2018.1530587","journal-title":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10863_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1089\/env.2016.0043","volume":"10","author":"C DeMyers","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeMyers, C., Warpinski, C., & Wutich, A. (2017). Urban water insecurity: A case study of homelessness in Phoenix, Arizona. Environmental Justice, 10(3), 72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/env.2016.0043","journal-title":"Environmental Justice"},{"key":"10863_CR15","unstructured":"Detroit Blight Removal Task Force. (2014). https:\/\/s3.documentcloud.org\/documents\/1173946\/detroit-blight-removal-task-force-plan-may-2014.pdf"},{"key":"10863_CR16","unstructured":"Detroit GIS Services. (2020). Department of Innovation and Technology. Accessed February 11, 2021. https:\/\/detroitmi.gov\/departments\/department-innovation-and-technology\/gis-services"},{"key":"10863_CR17","unstructured":"Detroit Urbex. New far east side development\/Fox Creek. Accessed June 22, 2022. http:\/\/www.detroiturbex.com\/content\/neighborhoods\/foxcreek\/index.html"},{"key":"10863_CR456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Doucet, B., & Smit, E. (2016). Building an urban \u2018renaissance\u2019: fragmented services and the production of inequality in greater downtown Detroit. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 31(4): 635\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10901-015-9483-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10901-015-9483-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"10863_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1021\/es802789w","volume":"43","author":"M Edwards","year":"2009","unstructured":"Edwards, M., Triantafyllidou, S., & Best, D. (2009). Elevated blood lead in young children due to lead-contaminated drinking water: Washington, DC, 2001\u20132004. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(5), 1618\u20131623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es802789w","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10863_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2020.102390","volume":"6","author":"A Eisenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eisenberg, A., Seymour, E., Hill, A. B., & Akers, J. (2020). Toxic structures: Speculation and lead exposure in Detroit\u2019s single-family rental market. Health & Place, 6, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2020.102390","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"4","key":"10863_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa157","volume":"43","author":"N Gaber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaber, N., Silva, A., Lewis-Patrick, M., Kutil, E., Taylor, D., & Bouier, R. (2021). Water insecurity and psychosocial distress: Case study of the Detroit water shut-offs. Journal of Public Health, 43(4), 839\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa157","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10863_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X16000242","author":"S Gasteyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gasteyer, S., Lai, J., Tucker, B., Carrera, J. S., & Moss, J. (2016). Basics inequality. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1742058X16000242","journal-title":"Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race"},{"issue":"6312","key":"10863_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaj2221","volume":"354","author":"PH Gleick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gleick, P. H. (2016). Water strategies for the next administration. Science, 354(6312), 555\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaj2221","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10863_CR23","unstructured":"GLWA Annual Comprehensive Financial Report. (2021). https:\/\/www.glwater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GLWA-AUD-06-30-2021-ACFR-FINAL-12.13.21.pdf"},{"key":"10863_CR24","unstructured":"Gottesdiener, L. (2014). UN officials \u2018shocked\u2019 by Detroit\u2019s mass water shutoffs. Al Jazeera. http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2014\/10\/20\/detroit-water-un.html"},{"key":"10863_CR25","unstructured":"Guillen, J. (2016). Legal experts: Detroit can reduce water rates for needy. Detroit Free Press. https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/news\/2016\/01\/15\/legal-experts-detroit-can-reduce-water-rates-needy\/78852696\/"},{"key":"10863_CR26","unstructured":"Guy, B., & Leigh, G. (2022). Detroit, Michigan gears up to resume water shut-offs, potentially impacting tens of thousands of workers. WSWS. https:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2022\/07\/22\/0e17-j22.html"},{"key":"10863_CR111","unstructured":"Hackman, R. (2014). Detroit demolishes its ruins: \u2018The capitalists will take care of the rest.\u2019 The Guardian. Accessed March 21, 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/money\/2014\/sep\/28\/detroit-demolish-ruins-capitalists-abandoned-buildings-plan"},{"issue":"2","key":"10863_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.303003","volume":"106","author":"M Hanna-Attisha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanna-Attisha, M., LaChance, J., Sadler, R. C., & Champney Schnepp, A. (2016). Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the flint drinking water crisis: A spatial analysis of risk and public health response. American Journal of Public Health, 106(2), 283\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2015.303003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10863_CR28","unstructured":"Harris, P. How Detroit, the Motor City, Turned into a Ghost Town. The Observer, November 1, 2009, sec. US news. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2009\/nov\/01\/detroit-michigan-economy-recession-unemployment."},{"key":"10863_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helderop, E., Nelson J., & Grubesic, T. H. (2023). \u2018Unmasking\u2019 masked address data: A medoid geocoding solution. MethodsX.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2023.102090"},{"issue":"2","key":"10863_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2019.1574528","volume":"35","author":"E Helderop","year":"2019","unstructured":"Helderop, E., Grubesic, T. H., & Alizadeh, T. (2019). Data deluge or data trickle? Difficulties in acquiring public data for telecommunications policy analysis. The Information Society, 35(2), 69\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01972243.2019.1574528","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10863_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-017-0037-0","volume":"20","author":"ME Hollis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hollis, M. E. (2018). The impact of population and economic decline: Examining socio-demographic correlates of homicide in Detroit. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 20(2), 84\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41300-017-0037-0","journal-title":"Crime Prevention and Community Safety"},{"key":"10863_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-10-13","volume":"10","author":"S Hou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hou, S., Yuan, L., Jin, P., et al. (2013). A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children. Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling, 10, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4682-10-13","journal-title":"Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling"},{"key":"10863_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11564\/32-1-1156","author":"YS Hosu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosu, Y. S., Vincent Nakin, M. D., & Cishe, E. N. (2018). River catchment dynamics and access to clean water in Rural South Africa. African Population Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11564\/32-1-1156","journal-title":"African Population Studies"},{"issue":"12","key":"10863_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.03.013","volume":"407","author":"PR Hunter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hunter, P. R., Pond, K., Jagals, P., & Cameron, J. (2009). An Assessment of the costs and benefits of interventions aimed at improving rural community water supplies in developed countries. Science of the Total Environment, Thematic Issue\u2014BioMicroWorld Conference, 407(12), 3681\u20133685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.03.013","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment, Thematic Issue\u2014BioMicroWorld Conference"},{"key":"10863_CR35","unstructured":"James, D. Water shut-off moratorium in detroit is close to ending. Michigan Chronicle. https:\/\/michiganchronicle.com\/2022\/12\/15\/water-shutoff-moratorium-in-detroit-is-close-to-ending\/#:~:text=The%20moratorium%20implemented%20almost%20three,1%2C%202023."},{"issue":"3","key":"10863_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1214","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1214","volume":"4","author":"WE Jepson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jepson, W. E., Wutich, A., Colllins, S. M., Boateng, G. O., & Young, S. L. (2017). Progress in household water insecurity metrics: A cross-disciplinary approach. Wires Water, 4(3), e1214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wat2.1214","journal-title":"Wires Water"},{"key":"10863_CR37","unstructured":"Kurth, J. (2019). Detroit shut off water to 11,800 homes this year. Most are still off. Bridge Michigan. https:\/\/www.bridgemi.com\/urban-affairs\/detroit-shut-water-11800-homes-year-most-are-still"},{"key":"10863_CR38","unstructured":"Kurth, J., MacDonald, C. (2015). Volume of abandoned homes 'absolutely terrifying'. The Detroit News. https:\/\/www.detroitnews.com\/story\/news\/special-reports\/2015\/05\/14\/detroit-abandoned-homes-volume-terrifying\/27237787\/"},{"key":"10863_CR39","unstructured":"Kurtzleben, D. (2014). Everything you need to know about the Detroit bankruptcy. Vox. Accessed March 21, 2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/12\/15\/18073574\/detroit-bankruptcy-pensions-municipal."},{"key":"10863_CR40","unstructured":"Lakhani, N. (2020). 90 US cities and states suspend water shut-offs to tackle coronavirus pandemic. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/mar\/16\/90-us-cities-and-states-suspend-water-shutoffs-to-tackle-coronavirus-pandemic"},{"issue":"3","key":"10863_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/1752-1688.12830","volume":"56","author":"EA Mack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mack, E. A., Wrase, S., Dahme, J., Crosby, S. M., Davis, M., Wright, M., & Muhammad, R. (2020). An experiment in making water affordable: Philadelphia\u2019s tiered assistance program (TAP). JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 56(3), 431\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1752-1688.12830","journal-title":"JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association"},{"key":"10863_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.10.004","volume":"55","author":"E McClure","year":"2019","unstructured":"McClure, E., Feinstein, L., Cordoba, E., Douglas, C., Emch, M., Robinson, W., Galea, S., & Aiello, A. E. (2019). The legacy of redlining in the effect of foreclosures on detroit residents\u2019 self-rated health. Health & Place, 55, 9\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.10.004","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"10863_CR43","unstructured":"McGreal, C. (2010). Detroit homes sell for $1 amid mortgage and car industry crisis. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2010\/mar\/02\/detroit-homes-mortgage-foreclosures-80"},{"issue":"6","key":"10863_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1486","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1486","volume":"7","author":"K Meehan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meehan, K., Jepson, W., Harris, L. M., Wutich, A., Beresford, M., Fencl, A., London, J., et al. (2020). Exposing the myths of household water insecurity in the global north: A critical review. Wires Water, 7(6), e1486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wat2.1486","journal-title":"Wires Water"},{"key":"10863_CR45","unstructured":"Meehan, K., Jurjevich, J. R., Griswold, A., Chun, N. M. J. W., & Sherrill, J. Plumbing poverty in U.S. cities: A report on gaps and trends in household water access, 2000 to 2017, September 27, 2021. https:\/\/kclpure.kcl.ac.uk\/portal\/en\/publications\/plumbing-poverty-in-us-cities-a-report-on-gaps-and-trends-in-household-water-access-2000-to-2017(e0021b68-66ca-4064-b470-226312ba20bf).html?utm_source=miragenews&utm_medium=miragenews&utm_campaign=news."},{"key":"10863_CR46","unstructured":"Menendian, S., Gambhir, S., & Hsu, C. (2021). Roots of structural racism. Othering & Belonging Institute. https:\/\/belonging.berkeley.edu\/roots-structural-racism-2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10863_CR47","first-page":"67","volume":"9","author":"F Mitchell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitchell, F. (2020). American Indian water insecurity in the era of COVID-19. Journal of Indigenous Social Development, 9(3), 67\u201375.","journal-title":"Journal of Indigenous Social Development"},{"key":"10863_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/env.2020.0064","author":"H Moody","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moody, H., Easley, L. E., & Sissen, M. (2022). Water shut-offs during COVID-19 and Black lives: Case study Detroit. Environmental Justice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/env.2020.0064","journal-title":"Environmental Justice"},{"key":"10863_CR49","unstructured":"Opilo, E. Baltimore Starts Offering Long-Awaited Water Discount Program. Baltimore Sun. Accessed July 7, 2022c. https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/politics\/bs-md-ci-baltimore-water-discount-2022c0208-3cjprxatsjdj5lu6ifsvdvofvm-story.html."},{"key":"10863_CR004","unstructured":"Padnani, A. (2013). Anatomy of Detroit's Decline. The New York Times. Accessed March 21, 2023."},{"key":"10863_CR50","unstructured":"Padnani, A. Anatomy of Detroit's Decline. Accessed May 17, 2022d. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2013\/08\/17\/us\/detroit-decline.html."},{"issue":"3","key":"10863_CR51","first-page":"15","volume":"64","author":"JE Painter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Painter, J. E., Gargano, J. W., Collier, S. A., & Yoder, J. S. (2015). Giardiasis surveillance\u2014United States, 2011\u20132012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 64(3), 15\u201325.","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"10863_CR52","unstructured":"Perna, M. (2020). Detroit communities and neighborhoods: All about the different districts in Detroit. https:\/\/www.thepernateam.com\/blog\/detroit-neighborhoods-communities\/"},{"issue":"15","key":"10863_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8124","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00791","volume":"52","author":"KJ Pieper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pieper, K. J., Martin, R., Tang, M., Walters, L. A., Parks, J., Roy, S., Devine, C., & Edwards, M. A. (2018). Evaluating water lead levels during the flint water crisis. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(15), 8124\u20138132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.8b00791","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10863_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04034","volume":"51","author":"KJ Pieper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pieper, K. J., Tang, M., & Edwards, M. A. (2017). Flint water crisis caused by interrupted corrosion control: Investigating \u201cground zero\u201d home. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(4), 2007\u20132014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b04034","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10863_CR55","unstructured":"Povich, E. Where Unpaid Water Bills Can Mean Losing a Home. Accessed July 7, 2022e. https:\/\/pew.org\/2GSuEJv."},{"key":"10863_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Presbey, G. (2015). Globalization and the crisis in detroit. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 15(1\u20132), 261\u2013277.","DOI":"10.1163\/15691497-12341344"},{"key":"10863_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quillian, L., Lee, J. J., & Honore, B. (2020). Racial discrimination in the U.S. housing and mortgage lending markets: A quantitative review of trends, 1976\u20132016. Race and Social Problems, 12.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-019-09276-x"},{"key":"10863_CR123","unstructured":"Reindl, J.C. (2019). 5 years out of bankruptcy, can Detroit avoid another one? Detroit Free Press. Accessed March 21, 2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/money\/business\/2019\/12\/09\/detroit-bankruptcy-anniversary\/2586744001"},{"key":"10863_CR333","unstructured":"Recchie, A., Recchie, J. J., powell, J. A., Lyons, L., & Ake, W. (2019). Water equity and security in detroit's water and sewer district. UC Berkeley: Othering & Belonging Institute. Available at https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/2tv006jd."},{"key":"10863_CR57","unstructured":"Reindl, J. C. 5 years out of bankruptcy, can Detroit avoid another one? Detroit Free Press. Accessed May 17, 2022f. https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/money\/business\/2019\/12\/09\/detroit-bankruptcy-anniversary\/2586744001\/."},{"key":"10863_CR58","unstructured":"Reuters. A history of Detroit's fiscal problems, November 7, 2014, Sec. Economic News. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-detroit-bankruptcy-timeline-idUSKBN0IR2G820141107."},{"issue":"6","key":"10863_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1468","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1468","volume":"7","author":"AY Rosinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosinger, A. Y., & Young, S. L. (2020). The toll of household water insecurity on health and human biology: Current understandings and future directions. Wires Water, 7(6), e1468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wat2.1468","journal-title":"Wires Water"},{"key":"10863_CR444","unstructured":"Sablik, T. (2013). Recession of 1981\u201382. Federal Reserve History. Accessed March 21, 2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/recession-of-1981-82"},{"key":"10863_CR60","unstructured":"Sablik, T. Recession of 1981\u201382|Federal Reserve History. Accessed May 17, 2022g. https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/recession-of-1981-82."},{"key":"10863_CR006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schindler, S. (2016). Detroit after bankruptcy: A case of degrowth machine politics. Urban Studies, 53(4),\n818\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0042098014563485","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098014563485"},{"key":"10863_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02723638.2021.2008716","author":"E Seymour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seymour, E., & Akers, J. (2022). Decline-induced displacement: The case of Detroit. Urban Geography. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02723638.2021.2008716","journal-title":"Urban Geography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10863_CR62","first-page":"531","volume":"29","author":"RM Silverman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silverman, R. M. (2005). Redlining in a majority black city?: Mortgage lending and the racial composition of Detroit Neighborhoods. Western Journal of Black Studies, 29(1), 531\u2013541.","journal-title":"Western Journal of Black Studies"},{"issue":"7","key":"10863_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1080\/02723638.2016.1142150","volume":"37","author":"J Speer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Speer, J. (2016). The right to infrastructure: A struggle for sanitation in Fresno, California Homeless Encampments. Urban Geography, 37(7), 1049\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02723638.2016.1142150","journal-title":"Urban Geography"},{"issue":"5","key":"10863_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060.2020.1769345","volume":"45","author":"C Staddon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Staddon, C., Everard, M., Mytton, J., Octavianti, T., Powell, W., Quinn, N., Uddin, S. M. N., et al. (2020). Water insecurity compounds the global coronavirus crisis. Water International, 45(5), 416\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02508060.2020.1769345","journal-title":"Water International"},{"key":"10863_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stoler, J., Jepson, W. E., & Wutich, A. (n.d.). Beyond handwashing: water insecurity undermines COVID-19 response in developing areas. Journal of Global Health 10(1), 010355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.10.010355.","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010355"},{"key":"10863_CR003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugrue, T. J. (1995). \u201cForget about your inalienable right to work\u201d: Deindustrialization and its discontents at ford, 1950\u20131953. International Labor and Working-Class History, 48, 112\u2013130. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27672250","DOI":"10.1017\/S0147547900005378"},{"key":"10863_CR66","unstructured":"Sugrue, T. (2014). The origins of the urban crisis. https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/paperback\/9780691162553\/the-origins-of-the-urban-crisis."},{"key":"10863_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X20904431","author":"M Swain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swain, M., McKinney, E., & Susskind, L. (2020). Water shut-offs in older American cities: Causes, extent, and remedies. Journal of Planning Education and Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0739456X20904431","journal-title":"Journal of Planning Education and Research"},{"key":"10863_CR68","unstructured":"Swaine, J. Detroit Residents Fight Back over Water Shut-off: 'It's a Life-or-Death Situation. The Guardian, July 21, 2014, Sec. World news. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/jul\/21\/detroit-water-shutoff-life-or-death."},{"issue":"2","key":"10863_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/sea2.12144","volume":"6","author":"PS Tallman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tallman, P. S. (2019). Water insecurity and mental health in the amazon: economic and ecological drivers of distress. Economic Anthropology, 6(2), 304\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sea2.12144","journal-title":"Economic Anthropology"},{"key":"10863_CR70","unstructured":"Tanner, K. (2017). Detroit's population still down, despite hopes. Detroit Free Press. https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/news\/2017\/05\/25\/new-census-data-show-detroits-population-decline-continues\/341336001\/"},{"key":"10863_CR71","unstructured":"UN News. (2014). In Detroit, city-backed water shut-offs' contrary to human rights,' say UN experts. Accessed December 27, 2022. https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2014\/10\/481542"},{"key":"10863_CR72","unstructured":"United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\/goal6"},{"key":"10863_CR73","unstructured":"\"Uprising of 1967|Detroit Historical Society\". Accessed May 17, 2022. https:\/\/detroithistorical.org\/learn\/encyclopedia-of-detroit\/uprising-1967."},{"key":"10863_CR74","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). American Community Survey 5-year Estimates. Accessed February 11, 2021. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/cedsci\/table?g=0500000US26163.140000&tid=ACSDP5Y2017.DP05&hidePreview=false"},{"key":"10863_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2020.0319","volume":"1","author":"M Verbyla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verbyla, M., Calderon, J., Flanigan, S., Garcia, M., Gersberg, R., Kinoshita, A., Mladenov, N., Pinongcos, F., & Welsh, M. (2021). An assessment of ambient water quality and challenges with access to water and sanitation services for individuals experiencing homelessness in riverine encampments. Environmental Engineering Science, 1, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ees.2020.0319","journal-title":"Environmental Engineering Science"},{"key":"10863_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7771\/1481-4374.3843","author":"B Whitener","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whitener, B. (2020). Detroit\u2019s water wars: Race, failing social reproduction, and infrastructure. Clcweb: Comparative Literature and Culture. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7771\/1481-4374.3843","journal-title":"Clcweb: Comparative Literature and Culture"},{"key":"10863_CR77","unstructured":"WHO. (2021). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/progress-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-2019\/"},{"key":"10863_CR78","unstructured":"Wisely, J. Detroit faces heat over water shut-offs. USA TODAY. Accessed May 17, 2022h. https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2014\/07\/18\/detroit-faces-heat-over-water-shutoffs\/12865143\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10863_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23345","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23345","volume":"32","author":"A Wutich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wutich, A. (2020). Water insecurity: An agenda for research and call to action for human biology. American Journal of Human Biology, 32(1), e23345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.23345","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10863_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1461","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1461","volume":"7","author":"A Wutich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wutich, A., Brewis, A., & Tsai, A. (2020). Water and mental health. Wires Water, 7(5), e1461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wat2.1461","journal-title":"Wires Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"10863_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.042150","volume":"95","author":"SN Zenk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zenk, S. N., Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., James, S. A., Bao, S., & Wilson, M. L. (2005). Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in Metropolitan Detroit. American Journal of Public Health, 95(4), 660\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.042150","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["GeoJournal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10708-023-10863-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10708-023-10863-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10708-023-10863-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T04:09:58Z","timestamp":1744171798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10708-023-10863-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10708-023-10863-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-9893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-9893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This research did not involve human participants or animals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animals rights"}},{"value":"This research did not involve research participants and thus does not require informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}